Therapists in Dobbs Ferry, NY

Photo of Doris Bertocci, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dobbs Ferry, NY
Doris Bertocci
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522
I view my therapeutic role as a partnership in which I listen carefully and guide the conversation so that I can "hear" underlying themes and connections I can then share with the client as we work toward resolving their difficulties. In providing information related to the client's concerns, my work is still psychodynamically informed. This is especially important for clients interested in learning about themselves and their relationships in a new way (their feelings, anxiety, causes of symptoms, or errors in judgment) in order to free themselves from the misunderstandings, confusion, and emotional "clutter" holding them back.
I view my therapeutic role as a partnership in which I listen carefully and guide the conversation so that I can "hear" underlying themes and connections I can then share with the client as we work toward resolving their difficulties. In providing information related to the client's concerns, my work is still psychodynamically informed. This is especially important for clients interested in learning about themselves and their relationships in a new way (their feelings, anxiety, causes of symptoms, or errors in judgment) in order to free themselves from the misunderstandings, confusion, and emotional "clutter" holding them back.
(914) 591-9796 View (914) 591-9796
Photo of Jillian Goldman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dobbs Ferry, NY
Jillian Goldman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and I am here to help you with whatever you may be struggling with. Whether you are experiencing depression, anxiety, trouble in your relationship, or anything else, I am here to help and support you.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and I am here to help you with whatever you may be struggling with. Whether you are experiencing depression, anxiety, trouble in your relationship, or anything else, I am here to help and support you.
(914) 409-9116 View (914) 409-9116
Photo of Leslie Alkalay, Psychologist in Dobbs Ferry, NY
Leslie Alkalay
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522
I am a licensed clinical psychologist in practice in Westchester County, NY. I worked for 11 years as a Psychologist at Columbia University's Counseling & Psychological Services, providing psychotherapy to the diverse graduate and undergraduate student body. Patients there presented with a broad scope of psychiatric concerns ranging from anxiety and life transitions to trauma and family issues. I served as a member of Columbia's Trauma Treatment team, working with survivors of sexual assault and recent trauma. I have a great deal of experience treating anxiety, mood disorders, and interpersonal relationship problems.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist in practice in Westchester County, NY. I worked for 11 years as a Psychologist at Columbia University's Counseling & Psychological Services, providing psychotherapy to the diverse graduate and undergraduate student body. Patients there presented with a broad scope of psychiatric concerns ranging from anxiety and life transitions to trauma and family issues. I served as a member of Columbia's Trauma Treatment team, working with survivors of sexual assault and recent trauma. I have a great deal of experience treating anxiety, mood disorders, and interpersonal relationship problems.
(914) 888-2370 View (914) 888-2370
Photo of Heidi Leabman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dobbs Ferry, NY
Heidi Leabman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SEP, RYT
Verified Verified
Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My work is dedicated to helping individuals heal from challenging life events and relationships in order to live a more fulfilled and balanced life. My work integrates traditional psychotherapy with mind-body modalities. The approach of "Holistic Psychotherapy" which includes EMDR, Somatic Experiencing, Internal Family Systems Therapy, Gestalt and mindfulness allows us to heal from the past and resolve current life challenges.
My work is dedicated to helping individuals heal from challenging life events and relationships in order to live a more fulfilled and balanced life. My work integrates traditional psychotherapy with mind-body modalities. The approach of "Holistic Psychotherapy" which includes EMDR, Somatic Experiencing, Internal Family Systems Therapy, Gestalt and mindfulness allows us to heal from the past and resolve current life challenges.
(917) 791-3076 View (917) 791-3076
Photo of Melanie Paci, Psychologist in Dobbs Ferry, NY
Melanie Paci
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522
Waitlist for new clients
Life is hard. Relationships are messy. Trauma from the past may live within us, and trauma from the present is all around us. You deserve a compassionate space for processing these realities and learning new skills to repair and deepen your important relationships and live a better life. In my 20 years of providing therapy, I have witnessed and been inspired by the overcoming of great suffering and the transformation of people’s relationships to themselves and others. I am grateful to have supported them in their process and welcome the opportunity to be a part of your story of self-discovery, healing, and growth.
Life is hard. Relationships are messy. Trauma from the past may live within us, and trauma from the present is all around us. You deserve a compassionate space for processing these realities and learning new skills to repair and deepen your important relationships and live a better life. In my 20 years of providing therapy, I have witnessed and been inspired by the overcoming of great suffering and the transformation of people’s relationships to themselves and others. I am grateful to have supported them in their process and welcome the opportunity to be a part of your story of self-discovery, healing, and growth.
(646) 588-1520 View (646) 588-1520
Photo of Morgan Neyland, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dobbs Ferry, NY
Morgan Neyland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522  (Online Only)
My background is in treating depression, anxiety, anger, and PTSD in adolescents and young adults. Additionally, I work with clients to help negotiate family stress, peer conflict, relationship issues, and loss. My hope is that through honest communication we build resilience and coping skills for life.
My background is in treating depression, anxiety, anger, and PTSD in adolescents and young adults. Additionally, I work with clients to help negotiate family stress, peer conflict, relationship issues, and loss. My hope is that through honest communication we build resilience and coping skills for life.
(914) 331-8226 View (914) 331-8226
Photo of Khyra Jones, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dobbs Ferry, NY
Khyra Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker that is dedicated to working with individuals, children, and families to address depression, anxiety, family issues, parental concerns, school behavioral/truancy concerns, and more. I use a collaborative approach along with evidenced-based interventions to help you meet your goals.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker that is dedicated to working with individuals, children, and families to address depression, anxiety, family issues, parental concerns, school behavioral/truancy concerns, and more. I use a collaborative approach along with evidenced-based interventions to help you meet your goals.
(914) 218-6301 View (914) 218-6301
Photo of Natalie Schreter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dobbs Ferry, NY
Natalie Schreter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522
As a licensed clinical social worker and private psychotherapist, I am interested in supporting individuals, couples, and families coping with such issues as anxiety, depression, infertility, relationship challenges, and life transitions. I have extensive experience working with those facing chronic illness, end-of-life- challenges, and bereavement and have completed advanced clinical training in family therapy at the Ackerman Institute for the Family. I take a client-centered, relational approach and strive to create a safe, warm, and supportive space for joint exploration, in which clients can feel comfortable exploring and addressing their thoughts and challenges.
As a licensed clinical social worker and private psychotherapist, I am interested in supporting individuals, couples, and families coping with such issues as anxiety, depression, infertility, relationship challenges, and life transitions. I have extensive experience working with those facing chronic illness, end-of-life- challenges, and bereavement and have completed advanced clinical training in family therapy at the Ackerman Institute for the Family. I take a client-centered, relational approach and strive to create a safe, warm, and supportive space for joint exploration, in which clients can feel comfortable exploring and addressing their thoughts and challenges.
(914) 620-2268 View (914) 620-2268
Photo of Linda Sadler, Psychologist in Dobbs Ferry, NY
Linda Sadler
Psychologist, MSEd, PsyD
Verified Verified
Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522
In my practice I work with adolescents and adults. I often help adolescents and young adults grapple with the personal challenges, anxiety or depression that are making it difficult to move forward at a time when there are so many important choices to make. My clients may be choosing a college, a career path, a relationship, or making other complex decisions, while also trying to become independent of their parents. I also work with adults to help them with what may be interfering in their ability to feel satisfied and content, or to make changes in their lives, work or relationships.
In my practice I work with adolescents and adults. I often help adolescents and young adults grapple with the personal challenges, anxiety or depression that are making it difficult to move forward at a time when there are so many important choices to make. My clients may be choosing a college, a career path, a relationship, or making other complex decisions, while also trying to become independent of their parents. I also work with adults to help them with what may be interfering in their ability to feel satisfied and content, or to make changes in their lives, work or relationships.
(914) 292-3485 View (914) 292-3485
Photo of Rochelle (Shelly) Steinwurtzel, Psychologist in Dobbs Ferry, NY
Rochelle (Shelly) Steinwurtzel
Psychologist, MSEd, PsyD
Verified Verified
Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522
I listen empathically to help my patients develop self-compassion and awareness so they can develop acceptance and create change. I see my role as listener, supporter, and guide into the internal world. My job is to thoughtfully explore with you, this unknown terrain and come to know the resources, resiliency, and best self that already exists. I also believe that life is not all rainbows and unicorns. There are many up and downs. The question is how we get through them. We must explore all aspects of life to fully engage and fulfill our greatest potentials.
I listen empathically to help my patients develop self-compassion and awareness so they can develop acceptance and create change. I see my role as listener, supporter, and guide into the internal world. My job is to thoughtfully explore with you, this unknown terrain and come to know the resources, resiliency, and best self that already exists. I also believe that life is not all rainbows and unicorns. There are many up and downs. The question is how we get through them. We must explore all aspects of life to fully engage and fulfill our greatest potentials.
(646) 490-0300 View (646) 490-0300
Photo of Debra Kuppersmith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dobbs Ferry, NY
Debra Kuppersmith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MS
Verified Verified
Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522
Finding the right therapist, where you feel a sense of connection, is the first step in a successful treatment. Whether you are unsettled, experiencing a life transition, or briefly needing a professional to speak with, together, we will look at what is difficult and what you would like to change. This is a unique opportunity to see what has stood in the way of your personal satisfaction. Our work is confidential and I am non-judgmental. Most people who start psychotherapy find it very useful and gain valuable insights which help them fulfill their potential and enrich their lives.
Finding the right therapist, where you feel a sense of connection, is the first step in a successful treatment. Whether you are unsettled, experiencing a life transition, or briefly needing a professional to speak with, together, we will look at what is difficult and what you would like to change. This is a unique opportunity to see what has stood in the way of your personal satisfaction. Our work is confidential and I am non-judgmental. Most people who start psychotherapy find it very useful and gain valuable insights which help them fulfill their potential and enrich their lives.
(914) 908-5367 View (914) 908-5367
Photo of Faryn Sand in Dobbs Ferry, NY
Faryn Sand
MA
Verified Verified
Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522
Are you a parent, parent-to-be, educator, helping professional, or other kind of leader or caretaker looking for a place to feel heard, explore healthy boundaries, and reduce compassion burnout? Drawing from holistic modalities, I'll support you to build self-compassion and inner safety through dialogue, mindfulness, and education. If you're an expectant parent, we can explore this transformative journey together. I also work with children and teens as a social-emotional mentor. As a coach, I don't diagnose or treat psychiatric conditions, though I'm happy to work alongside a licensed practitioner to offer additional support.
Are you a parent, parent-to-be, educator, helping professional, or other kind of leader or caretaker looking for a place to feel heard, explore healthy boundaries, and reduce compassion burnout? Drawing from holistic modalities, I'll support you to build self-compassion and inner safety through dialogue, mindfulness, and education. If you're an expectant parent, we can explore this transformative journey together. I also work with children and teens as a social-emotional mentor. As a coach, I don't diagnose or treat psychiatric conditions, though I'm happy to work alongside a licensed practitioner to offer additional support.
(914) 730-4895 View (914) 730-4895
Photo of Lucia Ferri-Martin, Psychologist in Dobbs Ferry, NY
Lucia Ferri-Martin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522
I am a licensed clinical psychologist providing psychotherapy for adults and couples who experience symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, sleep difficulty, relationship issues, job stress, health issues or other life stressors. I work collaboratively with my clients to help identify the changes they would like to see in their lives and set short-term therapy goals to help achieve them. I specialize primarily in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), but I draw from a range of therapeutic approaches and include Mindfulness and breathing relaxation strategies in my practice. I tailor therapy to meet my client's individual needs.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist providing psychotherapy for adults and couples who experience symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, sleep difficulty, relationship issues, job stress, health issues or other life stressors. I work collaboratively with my clients to help identify the changes they would like to see in their lives and set short-term therapy goals to help achieve them. I specialize primarily in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), but I draw from a range of therapeutic approaches and include Mindfulness and breathing relaxation strategies in my practice. I tailor therapy to meet my client's individual needs.
(646) 480-7249 View (646) 480-7249
Photo of Laura A Roberts, Psychologist in Dobbs Ferry, NY
Laura A Roberts
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522
As a Counselor Educator/Counseling Psychologist I believe that everyone possesses strengths and has the capacity to learn and achieve happiness. However, when negative beliefs about one's self and/or others show up they can lead to interference in one's ability to manage relationships, school, career, etc. This can lead to feelings of self-doubt, confusion, hopelessness, anxiety and depression. Counseling is a process that can help you get on track to where you want to be.
As a Counselor Educator/Counseling Psychologist I believe that everyone possesses strengths and has the capacity to learn and achieve happiness. However, when negative beliefs about one's self and/or others show up they can lead to interference in one's ability to manage relationships, school, career, etc. This can lead to feelings of self-doubt, confusion, hopelessness, anxiety and depression. Counseling is a process that can help you get on track to where you want to be.
(914) 752-2255 View (914) 752-2255
Photo of Molly Rodriguez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dobbs Ferry, NY
Molly Rodriguez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, BCD
Verified Verified
Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522
I am a clinical social worker with 20 years of experience in the field of psychotherapy. In addition to my training as a social worker, I am fluent in Spanish, having spent two years in El Salvador back in the sixties, and work with Spanish-speaking as well as English-speaking individuals and families. I accept referrals from immigration attorneys. I evaluate families where a member of the family is seeking to become a permanent resident of the United States. I write reports to be submitted to Immigration Court.
I am a clinical social worker with 20 years of experience in the field of psychotherapy. In addition to my training as a social worker, I am fluent in Spanish, having spent two years in El Salvador back in the sixties, and work with Spanish-speaking as well as English-speaking individuals and families. I accept referrals from immigration attorneys. I evaluate families where a member of the family is seeking to become a permanent resident of the United States. I write reports to be submitted to Immigration Court.
(914) 481-2702 View (914) 481-2702
Photo of Iris Warren Henry, Psychologist in Dobbs Ferry, NY
Iris Warren Henry
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522
If you're feeling down, anxious, or overwhelmed, it may be because managing the day-to-day minutiae of our busy schedules often leaves little space to register our emotional experiences until they hit a fever pitch. Although many of us adapt by pushing the pain into the background much of the time, these hidden disappointments, hurts, and resentments don't disappear; they grow and can fester. Creating a safe place to process this pain is vital, and can free us to realize and accomplish our goals.
If you're feeling down, anxious, or overwhelmed, it may be because managing the day-to-day minutiae of our busy schedules often leaves little space to register our emotional experiences until they hit a fever pitch. Although many of us adapt by pushing the pain into the background much of the time, these hidden disappointments, hurts, and resentments don't disappear; they grow and can fester. Creating a safe place to process this pain is vital, and can free us to realize and accomplish our goals.
(917) 525-4912 View (917) 525-4912
Photo of Theodore M Roth, Psychologist in Dobbs Ferry, NY
Theodore M Roth
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522
Theodore M Roth, Ph.D is a NYS licensed psychologist who has been in private practice in Westchester County for over 30years. He uses a variety of treatment modalities to affect healthy growth and change in the lives of the individuals with whom he works. Dr. Roth helps others to overcome presenting emotional challenges so that they are better able to lead a more conscious and examined life.
Theodore M Roth, Ph.D is a NYS licensed psychologist who has been in private practice in Westchester County for over 30years. He uses a variety of treatment modalities to affect healthy growth and change in the lives of the individuals with whom he works. Dr. Roth helps others to overcome presenting emotional challenges so that they are better able to lead a more conscious and examined life.
(914) 361-5381 View (914) 361-5381
Photo of LeAnn Knapp, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dobbs Ferry, NY
LeAnn Knapp
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522  (Online Only)
Congratulations! Taking this first step onto your path of healing and happiness is not always an easy one. My goal as your therapist is to provide a safe, compassionate environment to help you navigate the ups and downs life can throw your way. I have over 11 years experience as an LCSW-R providing therapy to individuals looking to create changes and cultivate happiness in their lives. I know how hard this first step can be in your healing journey and I hope that together we can develop a therapeutic relationship that helps you achieve your short and long term goals.
Congratulations! Taking this first step onto your path of healing and happiness is not always an easy one. My goal as your therapist is to provide a safe, compassionate environment to help you navigate the ups and downs life can throw your way. I have over 11 years experience as an LCSW-R providing therapy to individuals looking to create changes and cultivate happiness in their lives. I know how hard this first step can be in your healing journey and I hope that together we can develop a therapeutic relationship that helps you achieve your short and long term goals.
(914) 829-3282 View (914) 829-3282
Photo of Samuel Austin Formanek, Counselor in Dobbs Ferry, NY
Samuel Austin Formanek
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522  (Online Only)
As a therapist, I start with the basic assumption that we all have a fundamental impulse for growth and well-being. Sometimes we need resources, guidance, and someone with expertise to rediscover this. In my practice I am looking to engage clients to gain insight, discover motivation, and hone emotional skills. I am interested in providing the most conducive setting for people to cultivate their innate creativity, intelligence, and courage in navigating anxiety, depression, and the range life’s challenges.
As a therapist, I start with the basic assumption that we all have a fundamental impulse for growth and well-being. Sometimes we need resources, guidance, and someone with expertise to rediscover this. In my practice I am looking to engage clients to gain insight, discover motivation, and hone emotional skills. I am interested in providing the most conducive setting for people to cultivate their innate creativity, intelligence, and courage in navigating anxiety, depression, and the range life’s challenges.
(646) 828-1419 View (646) 828-1419
Photo of Miguelina Almonte, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dobbs Ferry, NY
Miguelina Almonte
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CLC, MS, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522  (Online Only)
Treatment provided to children, adults, couples and families experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety, eating disorders, behavioral problems, opposition/ defiance, conflicts with interpersonal relationships, low self-esteem, low motivation, bereavement, low educational achievement, life transitions, post-traumatic stress disorders, behavior management and any challenges faced in daily life.
Treatment provided to children, adults, couples and families experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety, eating disorders, behavioral problems, opposition/ defiance, conflicts with interpersonal relationships, low self-esteem, low motivation, bereavement, low educational achievement, life transitions, post-traumatic stress disorders, behavior management and any challenges faced in daily life.
(914) 279-5580 View (914) 279-5580

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Dobbs Ferry, NY

70+

Average cost per session

$225

Therapists in Dobbs Ferry, NY who prioritize treating:

96% Relationship Issues
96% Anxiety
95% Depression
74% Trauma and PTSD
73% Self Esteem
66% Grief
64% Parenting

Average years in practice

17 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Aetna
52% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
48% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Dobbs Ferry, NY see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

87% Female
13% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Dobbs Ferry?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.