Photo of Steven Zlutnick, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Steven Zlutnick
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94601  (Online Only)
I have been a behavior therapist for over 40 years. I specialize in short term, problem oriented therapy, with goals generated together with the client. I try to combine a compassionate, caring, common sense approach to problems encountered in daily life with evidenced-based cognitive behavioral therapy techniques. I am Professor Emeritus of Counseling Psychology at the University of San Francisco and on the Allied Professional Staff at California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco. I have been training psychologists, psychiatrists and other therapists in behavior therapy for nearly 40 years and have published widely in behavior therapy and behavioral medicine.
I have been a behavior therapist for over 40 years. I specialize in short term, problem oriented therapy, with goals generated together with the client. I try to combine a compassionate, caring, common sense approach to problems encountered in daily life with evidenced-based cognitive behavioral therapy techniques. I am Professor Emeritus of Counseling Psychology at the University of San Francisco and on the Allied Professional Staff at California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco. I have been training psychologists, psychiatrists and other therapists in behavior therapy for nearly 40 years and have published widely in behavior therapy and behavioral medicine.
(415) 816-1855 View (415) 816-1855
Photo of Ashley Fiorilli in Oakland, CA
Ashley Fiorilli
PhD, RYT 500, CCTSI
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94601  (Online Only)
Accepting New Clients Today - Hello there! I'm Dr. Ashley Fiorillli, passionate & dedicated Behavior Analyst. My mission is to empower individuals like yourself to unlock your true potential & lead fulfilling lives. I am committed to helping you create positive and meaningful change in your life. It is my passion to provide you with the tools and guidance necessary to uncover your strengths, tap into your inner resilience, and find harmony in all aspects of your life. Welcome to a world of transformation and self-discovery!
Accepting New Clients Today - Hello there! I'm Dr. Ashley Fiorillli, passionate & dedicated Behavior Analyst. My mission is to empower individuals like yourself to unlock your true potential & lead fulfilling lives. I am committed to helping you create positive and meaningful change in your life. It is my passion to provide you with the tools and guidance necessary to uncover your strengths, tap into your inner resilience, and find harmony in all aspects of your life. Welcome to a world of transformation and self-discovery!
(925) 393-0519 View (925) 393-0519
Photo of Men's Issues - Dr. Dean, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Men's Issues - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94607
Welcome to my practice. I have been in practice since 2007 and have been featured on ABC, NBC, and KCAL as an expert psychologist. I work primarily with men who have hit “rock bottom” and would like help getting up. These men are often in crisis when we first meet. The issues I address are typically related to unhealthy sexual behaviors, infidelity, financial recklessness, gambling, drugs/alcohol, dishonesty/lying, and relational conflicts. My therapy approach is a combination of psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and the 12-Step recovery model. I also share insight from my own painful but redemptive recovery journey.
Welcome to my practice. I have been in practice since 2007 and have been featured on ABC, NBC, and KCAL as an expert psychologist. I work primarily with men who have hit “rock bottom” and would like help getting up. These men are often in crisis when we first meet. The issues I address are typically related to unhealthy sexual behaviors, infidelity, financial recklessness, gambling, drugs/alcohol, dishonesty/lying, and relational conflicts. My therapy approach is a combination of psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and the 12-Step recovery model. I also share insight from my own painful but redemptive recovery journey.
(510) 983-7281 View (510) 983-7281
Photo of Men's Issues - Dr. Dean, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Men's Issues - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94604
Welcome to my practice. I have been in practice since 2007 and have been featured on ABC, NBC, and KCAL as an expert psychologist. I work primarily with men who have hit “rock bottom” and would like help getting up. These men are often in crisis when we first meet. The issues I address are typically related to unhealthy sexual behaviors, infidelity, financial recklessness, gambling, drugs/alcohol, dishonesty/lying, and relational conflicts. My therapy approach is a combination of psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and the 12-Step recovery model. I also share insight from my own painful but redemptive recovery journey.
Welcome to my practice. I have been in practice since 2007 and have been featured on ABC, NBC, and KCAL as an expert psychologist. I work primarily with men who have hit “rock bottom” and would like help getting up. These men are often in crisis when we first meet. The issues I address are typically related to unhealthy sexual behaviors, infidelity, financial recklessness, gambling, drugs/alcohol, dishonesty/lying, and relational conflicts. My therapy approach is a combination of psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and the 12-Step recovery model. I also share insight from my own painful but redemptive recovery journey.
(209) 255-2864 View (209) 255-2864

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Dr. Mira Mayer Counseling Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Dr. Mira Mayer Counseling Psychologist
PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94707  (Online Only)
My approach to counseling is eclectic. I combine a variety of theories and skills suited to each individual needs.. My services include, but not limited to: stress, depression, grief and loss, trauma, divorce, relationship issues, loneliness etc, My primary goal is to help others turn their wounds into wisdom.. and obtain a happier healthier and more fulfilled life..My experience is extensive. Ranging from being a professor for graduate students at California State University for the past 25 years and preparing students to become therapists in schools and community settings. I have a doctorate degree and am a psychologist& Counselor
My approach to counseling is eclectic. I combine a variety of theories and skills suited to each individual needs.. My services include, but not limited to: stress, depression, grief and loss, trauma, divorce, relationship issues, loneliness etc, My primary goal is to help others turn their wounds into wisdom.. and obtain a happier healthier and more fulfilled life..My experience is extensive. Ranging from being a professor for graduate students at California State University for the past 25 years and preparing students to become therapists in schools and community settings. I have a doctorate degree and am a psychologist& Counselor
(209) 219-2528 View (209) 219-2528
Photo of Peninsula Counseling and Consulting, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Peninsula Counseling and Consulting
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MBA, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
Change is hard, but now is the time to regain control of your life.
Let’s be honest: you’ve always been responsible, and now you’ve got a lot to manage! Between a demanding career, school, and family needs, you’re feeling stressed, and life feels out of balance. It’s impossible to do it all, and nothing ever seems good enough. You feel alone and worried, and your social network isn’t able to provide you with the support that you need. Perhaps your sleep is problematic, or your energy is low. Maybe you’re feeling anxious, depressed, irritable, or having difficulty concentrating. You might be troubled by feeling that you're an ineffective partner or parent. Things will get better soon, right?
Change is hard, but now is the time to regain control of your life.
Let’s be honest: you’ve always been responsible, and now you’ve got a lot to manage! Between a demanding career, school, and family needs, you’re feeling stressed, and life feels out of balance. It’s impossible to do it all, and nothing ever seems good enough. You feel alone and worried, and your social network isn’t able to provide you with the support that you need. Perhaps your sleep is problematic, or your energy is low. Maybe you’re feeling anxious, depressed, irritable, or having difficulty concentrating. You might be troubled by feeling that you're an ineffective partner or parent. Things will get better soon, right?
(855) 964-3150 View (855) 964-3150
Photo of Fran's Family Counseling, Prof Inc., Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Fran's Family Counseling, Prof Inc.
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, PPS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105
Mental Health Matters. Telephone/Online Video. I may assist with providing the tools you need to manage life at home, school, work and have healthy relationships with those in your life. I only accept individuals as I help each person learn to communicate with your spouse and family members. I only accept Inland Empire Health Plan (IEHP) insurance and TriCare West. For non members I have a current $175 cash pay special for a 60 minute counseling session. Ask about the $ 125 sliding scale fee for those that qualify. Cash app: $mhmatters2 Don't have cash app and need pay a different way? Contact me.
Mental Health Matters. Telephone/Online Video. I may assist with providing the tools you need to manage life at home, school, work and have healthy relationships with those in your life. I only accept individuals as I help each person learn to communicate with your spouse and family members. I only accept Inland Empire Health Plan (IEHP) insurance and TriCare West. For non members I have a current $175 cash pay special for a 60 minute counseling session. Ask about the $ 125 sliding scale fee for those that qualify. Cash app: $mhmatters2 Don't have cash app and need pay a different way? Contact me.
(442) 244-9054 View (442) 244-9054
Photo of Laurette Lipman, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Oakland, CA
Laurette Lipman
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104
I know sometimes life can be hard, and it is difficult to seek out help from someone. Often my clients come to me nervous or hesitant to open up, but they notice that after even meeting only one time they feel better. I do my best to make sure you feel comfortable, and that you feel like you have someone that really cares and understands what you are going through. You do not have to do go through it alone! I am here and I want to help you. I feel it is important to find someone you like, that is accessible and easy to get a hold when you need help. You can become a happier and healthier you!
I know sometimes life can be hard, and it is difficult to seek out help from someone. Often my clients come to me nervous or hesitant to open up, but they notice that after even meeting only one time they feel better. I do my best to make sure you feel comfortable, and that you feel like you have someone that really cares and understands what you are going through. You do not have to do go through it alone! I am here and I want to help you. I feel it is important to find someone you like, that is accessible and easy to get a hold when you need help. You can become a happier and healthier you!
(707) 368-4603 View (707) 368-4603
Photo of Ryann DeSouza, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Ryann DeSouza
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lafayette, CA 94549
Are you struggling with any of the following: trauma, stress, anxiety, depression, LGBTQ+ issues, Autism, hoarding, organizational issues, and parenting issues? I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. It takes courage to seek a more fulfilling and happier life when taking the first steps towards change. If you are ready to take that step, I am here to support and empower you on this new journey. I am looking for highly motivated individuals that are ready for the challenge, whom are dedicated and motivated to make a positive change in their life. I believe everyone deserves quality care.
Are you struggling with any of the following: trauma, stress, anxiety, depression, LGBTQ+ issues, Autism, hoarding, organizational issues, and parenting issues? I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. It takes courage to seek a more fulfilling and happier life when taking the first steps towards change. If you are ready to take that step, I am here to support and empower you on this new journey. I am looking for highly motivated individuals that are ready for the challenge, whom are dedicated and motivated to make a positive change in their life. I believe everyone deserves quality care.
(650) 235-4676 View (650) 235-4676
Photo of Poppy Haines, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Poppy Haines
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, RYT-200
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Lafayette, CA 94549
I work with individuals, adolescents and youth seeking client centered services who are invested in meaningful change, inquiry, and growth. I offer compassionate and informed guidance to navigate life transitions, anxiety, relational challenges, depression, and general stress and burnout. I draw on my decades of experience in behavioral health to provide thoughtful and effective psychotherapeutic treatment and consultation.
I work with individuals, adolescents and youth seeking client centered services who are invested in meaningful change, inquiry, and growth. I offer compassionate and informed guidance to navigate life transitions, anxiety, relational challenges, depression, and general stress and burnout. I draw on my decades of experience in behavioral health to provide thoughtful and effective psychotherapeutic treatment and consultation.
(925) 568-7420 View (925) 568-7420
Photo of Sarah Dihmes, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Sarah Dihmes
Psychologist, PhD, BCB
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94103
Dr. Dihmes is a licensed clinical psychologist one of the few board certified biofeedback psychologists in Northern California. With specialties in life stressors, executive coaching, psychophysiology, and teens, she has expertise in working with various psychological concerns including depression, anxiety, life transitions and chronic illness. Dr. Dihmes' integrates evidence-based treatments such as CBT and mindfulness-based interventions, with consideration for each patient’s unique cultural, biological, and psychological background. Dr. Dihmes is now accepting new clients in California and New York!
Dr. Dihmes is a licensed clinical psychologist one of the few board certified biofeedback psychologists in Northern California. With specialties in life stressors, executive coaching, psychophysiology, and teens, she has expertise in working with various psychological concerns including depression, anxiety, life transitions and chronic illness. Dr. Dihmes' integrates evidence-based treatments such as CBT and mindfulness-based interventions, with consideration for each patient’s unique cultural, biological, and psychological background. Dr. Dihmes is now accepting new clients in California and New York!
(415) 799-5164 View (415) 799-5164
Photo of Dellaynnah Cleveland, Associate Clinical Social Worker in Oakland, CA
Dellaynnah Cleveland
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ACSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94124  (Online Only)
Are you a young lady or adult woman who is having difficulty navigating life? Are you interested in straightening your path and gaining clarity? If so, please consider reaching out. It is important to understand that throughout life, you will face many different challenges that can leave you feeling off balance or uncomfortable with the emotions you are experiencing. My goal as a therapist is to provide evidence-based interventions, self-awareness, and skills specific to your situation to help guide you to a new place in life. I believe in utilizing an individualized and integrated approach to help you reach your full potential.
Are you a young lady or adult woman who is having difficulty navigating life? Are you interested in straightening your path and gaining clarity? If so, please consider reaching out. It is important to understand that throughout life, you will face many different challenges that can leave you feeling off balance or uncomfortable with the emotions you are experiencing. My goal as a therapist is to provide evidence-based interventions, self-awareness, and skills specific to your situation to help guide you to a new place in life. I believe in utilizing an individualized and integrated approach to help you reach your full potential.
(661) 441-3500 View (661) 441-3500
Photo of Dr. Jeff J. Rocker, Counselor in Oakland, CA
Dr. Jeff J. Rocker
Counselor, PhD, NCC, LPCC, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94104
Rocker is nationally recognized for his innovative techniques and approaches towards troubled teens, interpersonal relationship partner conflicts, and professionals struggling with work-life balance.
With 12 years of experience working with clients going through individual, relationship, and family issues, Celebrity Therapist Dr. Jeff Rocker has provided therapeutic services to clients nationwide. He is Licensed in 14 states and has served clients from all age groups. Over the years, Dr. Jeff has organized lectures and various events in the community, including excursions and retreats for couples to improve their communication and better understand each other. He has experience working with athletes in the NFL, NBA, and MLB. In addition, Dr. Jeff has also worked with clients in the Movie, Music, and Entertainment Industries.
Rocker is nationally recognized for his innovative techniques and approaches towards troubled teens, interpersonal relationship partner conflicts, and professionals struggling with work-life balance.
With 12 years of experience working with clients going through individual, relationship, and family issues, Celebrity Therapist Dr. Jeff Rocker has provided therapeutic services to clients nationwide. He is Licensed in 14 states and has served clients from all age groups. Over the years, Dr. Jeff has organized lectures and various events in the community, including excursions and retreats for couples to improve their communication and better understand each other. He has experience working with athletes in the NFL, NBA, and MLB. In addition, Dr. Jeff has also worked with clients in the Movie, Music, and Entertainment Industries.
(562) 685-9636 View (562) 685-9636
Photo of Panayiotis Frangos, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Panayiotis Frangos
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94107
The first step is always the hardest, but remember that life has so much more to offer if you are willing to seek out help and make the changes.
I am licensed from the Board of Behavioral Sciences as a Marriage Family Therapist.  I graduated from Notre Dame de Namur with a Master's in Science Clinical Psychology MFT.  I was born in Greece and moved to the United States as a child, and have been a California Bay Area native ever since.  Growing up in a Greek household, I am able to speak Greek fluently and I am proficient in Spanish.  In my spare time, I am also learning Mandarin Chinese as languages are a passion of mine.
The first step is always the hardest, but remember that life has so much more to offer if you are willing to seek out help and make the changes.
I am licensed from the Board of Behavioral Sciences as a Marriage Family Therapist.  I graduated from Notre Dame de Namur with a Master's in Science Clinical Psychology MFT.  I was born in Greece and moved to the United States as a child, and have been a California Bay Area native ever since.  Growing up in a Greek household, I am able to speak Greek fluently and I am proficient in Spanish.  In my spare time, I am also learning Mandarin Chinese as languages are a passion of mine.
(650) 525-2494 View (650) 525-2494
Photo of Carter Care Therapeutic Services, Margena Carter, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Carter Care Therapeutic Services, Margena Carter
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94111
Are you interested in living life to the fullest but struggle to achieve it? You've taken the first steps towards healing. Carter Care Therapeutic Services is dedicated to you! Regardless of what you're going through, our team of Licensed Therapist will strive to bring out the best in you. You're not alone. We can assist you in resolving your past pain! We will affirm your strengths and challenge you to use them. While promoting insight, healing and change in an environment full of warmth and genuineness. Carter Care Therapist are here to provide a safe, unbiased and non-judgmental environment.
Are you interested in living life to the fullest but struggle to achieve it? You've taken the first steps towards healing. Carter Care Therapeutic Services is dedicated to you! Regardless of what you're going through, our team of Licensed Therapist will strive to bring out the best in you. You're not alone. We can assist you in resolving your past pain! We will affirm your strengths and challenge you to use them. While promoting insight, healing and change in an environment full of warmth and genuineness. Carter Care Therapist are here to provide a safe, unbiased and non-judgmental environment.
(415) 319-9641 View (415) 319-9641
Photo of Ben Chris Shuts, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Ben Chris Shuts
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94103  (Online Only)
I offer a down-to-Earth, easy-to-access approach. Therapy can facilitate achievement of your life goals, help you move through transitions with ease, and peacefully nurture ongoing relationships. Offering a compassionate and collaborative environment, I can help you develop coping strategies that promote acceptance and healing.
I offer a down-to-Earth, easy-to-access approach. Therapy can facilitate achievement of your life goals, help you move through transitions with ease, and peacefully nurture ongoing relationships. Offering a compassionate and collaborative environment, I can help you develop coping strategies that promote acceptance and healing.
(415) 598-9194 View (415) 598-9194
Photo of Men's Issues - Dr. Dean, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Men's Issues - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94103
Welcome to my practice. I have been in practice since 2007 and have been featured on ABC, NBC, and KCAL as an expert psychologist. I work primarily with men who have hit “rock bottom” and would like help getting up. These men are often in crisis when we first meet. The issues I address are typically related to unhealthy sexual behaviors, infidelity, financial recklessness, gambling, drugs/alcohol, dishonesty/lying, and relational conflicts. My therapy approach is a combination of psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and the 12-Step recovery model. I also share insight from my own painful but redemptive recovery journey.
Welcome to my practice. I have been in practice since 2007 and have been featured on ABC, NBC, and KCAL as an expert psychologist. I work primarily with men who have hit “rock bottom” and would like help getting up. These men are often in crisis when we first meet. The issues I address are typically related to unhealthy sexual behaviors, infidelity, financial recklessness, gambling, drugs/alcohol, dishonesty/lying, and relational conflicts. My therapy approach is a combination of psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and the 12-Step recovery model. I also share insight from my own painful but redemptive recovery journey.
(408) 351-7382 View (408) 351-7382
Photo of Ana L. Zuniga, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Ana L. Zuniga
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94108  (Online Only)
I am excited you have decided to contact me to walk with you in your healing process. I believe that there is wisdom in your story. In therapy we will address the problems that are important to you with the idea that you have the solution within you. I respect the courage it takes for you to make the decision to move forward. You are the expert of your journey; I have the tools and skills that can help you get where you want to be.
I am excited you have decided to contact me to walk with you in your healing process. I believe that there is wisdom in your story. In therapy we will address the problems that are important to you with the idea that you have the solution within you. I respect the courage it takes for you to make the decision to move forward. You are the expert of your journey; I have the tools and skills that can help you get where you want to be.
(657) 306-5368 View (657) 306-5368

Online Therapists

Photo of Dr. E Pezzini, Registered Psychological Associate in Oakland, CA
Dr. E Pezzini
Registered Psychological Associate, PhD, PCC
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95126  (Online Only)
So that we can explore your entire ideal life: past, present and future.
Hello, how are you? This is Dr. Pezzini, an Italian American Clinical Psychological Associate, all throughout California. Sessions are online, via Telehealth. I have been working as a psychologist for over 25 years combined. I specialize in relationship transitions and adjustments, for high profile individuals. Everyone is VIP :) I support groups, too, with the latest methodologies, such as hypnotherapy, animal assisted therapy, and KAP. My other passions are professional certified coaching and applied industrial organizational psychology, all of which I am trained in. dot.cards/drpezzini
So that we can explore your entire ideal life: past, present and future.
Hello, how are you? This is Dr. Pezzini, an Italian American Clinical Psychological Associate, all throughout California. Sessions are online, via Telehealth. I have been working as a psychologist for over 25 years combined. I specialize in relationship transitions and adjustments, for high profile individuals. Everyone is VIP :) I support groups, too, with the latest methodologies, such as hypnotherapy, animal assisted therapy, and KAP. My other passions are professional certified coaching and applied industrial organizational psychology, all of which I am trained in. dot.cards/drpezzini
(408) 676-5292 View (408) 676-5292
Photo of David Gottlieb, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
David Gottlieb
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, PPS
Verified Verified
Petaluma, CA 94952
Let me help you to lean into being the best version of yourself. Individuals, including adults and teens, and couples come to my practice with a wide range of problem areas of their lives including anxiety, depression, anger, relationship dynamics, parenting, ADHD, and learning differences. I will work with you at your pace with empathy, respect, humor, and evidence-based techniques to help you develop the tools and perspectives you need to make the changes you want to lead a more satisfying life.
Let me help you to lean into being the best version of yourself. Individuals, including adults and teens, and couples come to my practice with a wide range of problem areas of their lives including anxiety, depression, anger, relationship dynamics, parenting, ADHD, and learning differences. I will work with you at your pace with empathy, respect, humor, and evidence-based techniques to help you develop the tools and perspectives you need to make the changes you want to lead a more satisfying life.
(707) 640-3514 View (707) 640-3514

Life Coaching Therapists

What can I expect from life coaching?

Clients and coaches will typically start by identifying the problem area(s) that the client hopes to address—then, the coach will help the client brainstorm potential solutions and explore concrete techniques to help the client attain their goals. Coaching is typically short-term and focused on finding solutions in the here and now, rather than exploring a client’s past. In addition to strategies aimed at the client’s specific concerns, coaches may encourage general stress management techniques such as meditation.

Can a life coach help treat anxiety?

Because the majority of life coaches are not licensed clinicians, they are not qualified to diagnose or treat anxiety. Anyone struggling with anxiety or another mental health condition should seek help from a licensed mental health practitioner. However, some coaching clients who struggle with subclinical anxiety report that working with their coach on other problems—such as career dissatisfaction or unhealthy habits—has a positive effect on their anxiety.

Can life coaching be done online?

Yes. While life coaching often happens in person, many coaches conduct sessions over the phone or via online platforms such as Zoom or Skype. Because life coaches are not subject to local licensing regulations in the same way that therapists are, they are able to see clients who live in other locations.

How long does life coaching last?

Life coaching tends to be a shorter-term process than therapy, though it does not always unfold over a specific period of time and is instead based on the coach’s or the client’s preferences. Coaching often takes place over three to 12 months but may be shorter or longer if necessary.