Therapists in Los Angeles, CA

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Photo of Cherise Small, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Cherise Small
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90013  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are you feeling high levels of anxiety, worry or stress. Do you need someone to help you better understand your feelings and emotions? Some times life can be overwhelming and additional support is needed. Cherise is here to support you. Cherise’s treatment areas include life transitions, anxiety, depression, trauma and stress. Cherise possess the unique skills of relatability, compassion, understanding coupled with clinical knowledge and expertise that will support you and provide you with the tools to cope with everyday life.
Are you feeling high levels of anxiety, worry or stress. Do you need someone to help you better understand your feelings and emotions? Some times life can be overwhelming and additional support is needed. Cherise is here to support you. Cherise’s treatment areas include life transitions, anxiety, depression, trauma and stress. Cherise possess the unique skills of relatability, compassion, understanding coupled with clinical knowledge and expertise that will support you and provide you with the tools to cope with everyday life.
(213) 816-7408 View (213) 816-7408
Photo of Thilini Abeygunaratne, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Thilini Abeygunaratne
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90071  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and Artist based in Southern California.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and Artist based in Southern California.
(562) 600-9881 View (562) 600-9881
Photo of Yachuan Chien, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Yachuan Chien
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90071  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family therapist (LMFT) based in California. I received my Master from Bethel University and have been practicing for 15 years. I help adults and couples struggling in relationships at school, work, or home to be resilient and grow in person or relationship.
Hi! I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family therapist (LMFT) based in California. I received my Master from Bethel University and have been practicing for 15 years. I help adults and couples struggling in relationships at school, work, or home to be resilient and grow in person or relationship.
(562) 262-9087 View (562) 262-9087
Photo of Schyna Pour, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Schyna Pour
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90036
Schyna treats patients depending on each client’s needs, she uses methods/therapeutic models including: play therapy, music, role play, and guided imagery, Cognitive-Behavioral, Humanistic/Person-centered/Holistic/Gestalt, Motivational Interviewing, Brief Solution-focused, Mindfulness, Trauma-focused, Family Systems, Gottman Couples. Schyna believes therapy is a healing conversation that provides clients with a safe, non-judgmental, person-centered, strengths-based and eclectic place to express their challenges, and help them to rediscover their strengths, talents and resources.
Schyna treats patients depending on each client’s needs, she uses methods/therapeutic models including: play therapy, music, role play, and guided imagery, Cognitive-Behavioral, Humanistic/Person-centered/Holistic/Gestalt, Motivational Interviewing, Brief Solution-focused, Mindfulness, Trauma-focused, Family Systems, Gottman Couples. Schyna believes therapy is a healing conversation that provides clients with a safe, non-judgmental, person-centered, strengths-based and eclectic place to express their challenges, and help them to rediscover their strengths, talents and resources.
(323) 649-6521 View (323) 649-6521
Photo of Danielle Bailey LICSW, PMH-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Danielle Bailey LICSW, PMH-C
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90071  (Online Only)
I am currently licensed in the states of California, Massachusetts, Colorado, New York, New Jersey, and Florida. I am passionate about building meaningful relationships with my clients as they heal and find freedom from past wounds, build deep connections and intimacy with others and discover their true gifts and talents. I work with adults and college students experiencing depression, anxiety, substance abuse, post-traumatic stress, family and personal relationship difficulties, and academic or occupational stress. I have been trained in brainspotting and am a certified perinatal mental health professional
I am currently licensed in the states of California, Massachusetts, Colorado, New York, New Jersey, and Florida. I am passionate about building meaningful relationships with my clients as they heal and find freedom from past wounds, build deep connections and intimacy with others and discover their true gifts and talents. I work with adults and college students experiencing depression, anxiety, substance abuse, post-traumatic stress, family and personal relationship difficulties, and academic or occupational stress. I have been trained in brainspotting and am a certified perinatal mental health professional
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Photo of Brenda Guadalupe, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Brenda Guadalupe
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90045  (Online Only)
Having a safe space to talk can help you feel validated, heard and grounded. If you are feeling stressed in life, new or past struggles, feel overwhelmed, burned out or wanting to work on your self esteem and communication, with developing skills and processing internal changes we can make improvement to find that balance and bliss in life. You do not have to go through it alone. I am a licensed marriage and family therapist working with individuals and couples that need that safe space to improve in any way. I provide therapy in English and Spanish, work with the Latino community, POC and the LGBTQ+ community.
Having a safe space to talk can help you feel validated, heard and grounded. If you are feeling stressed in life, new or past struggles, feel overwhelmed, burned out or wanting to work on your self esteem and communication, with developing skills and processing internal changes we can make improvement to find that balance and bliss in life. You do not have to go through it alone. I am a licensed marriage and family therapist working with individuals and couples that need that safe space to improve in any way. I provide therapy in English and Spanish, work with the Latino community, POC and the LGBTQ+ community.
(424) 622-8914 View (424) 622-8914
Photo of Kristin Halladay, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Kristin Halladay
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90039
I believe therapy can be a richly rewarding process that supports you in developing a more satisfying life. Through therapy you can find a deeper connection with yourself and others, overcome difficulties and move towards growth, healing, and self-compassion. Although therapy can be challenging at times, it can also be playful, utilizing humor and genuine curiosity. I strive to create a non-judgmental and collaborative environment, fostering trust, safety, and connection. My personal style is warm, engaged, and caring.
I believe therapy can be a richly rewarding process that supports you in developing a more satisfying life. Through therapy you can find a deeper connection with yourself and others, overcome difficulties and move towards growth, healing, and self-compassion. Although therapy can be challenging at times, it can also be playful, utilizing humor and genuine curiosity. I strive to create a non-judgmental and collaborative environment, fostering trust, safety, and connection. My personal style is warm, engaged, and caring.
(310) 361-2372 View (310) 361-2372
Photo of Janis Alexa Smith, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Janis Alexa Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90011
Congratulations on taking this first step toward becoming a healthier version of yourself and living the best life possible. Life is sometimes tough, and I understand that when trying to cope with anxiety, depression, heartbreak, and/or relationship struggles, this can feel overwhelming. In this season of life, you don’t have to be alone. I can help you with those feelings because I am a therapist who has experience in helping others with what you may be facing right now. There is hope, and you can start your new journey to real and lasting change today.
Congratulations on taking this first step toward becoming a healthier version of yourself and living the best life possible. Life is sometimes tough, and I understand that when trying to cope with anxiety, depression, heartbreak, and/or relationship struggles, this can feel overwhelming. In this season of life, you don’t have to be alone. I can help you with those feelings because I am a therapist who has experience in helping others with what you may be facing right now. There is hope, and you can start your new journey to real and lasting change today.
(424) 955-2815 View (424) 955-2815
Photo of Ezak Marquez, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Los Angeles, CA
Ezak Marquez
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90024  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with the LGBTQ+ community with a focus on transgender and nonbinary folks to address a variety of issues including gender dysphoria, identity exploration, anxiety, and depression. I utilize a social justice and intersectional framework in acknowledging the systemic oppression affecting BIPOC communities and its impact on mental health.
I specialize in working with the LGBTQ+ community with a focus on transgender and nonbinary folks to address a variety of issues including gender dysphoria, identity exploration, anxiety, and depression. I utilize a social justice and intersectional framework in acknowledging the systemic oppression affecting BIPOC communities and its impact on mental health.
(424) 361-6256 View (424) 361-6256
Photo of Jacqueline Angeles, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Jacqueline Angeles
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90025
Perhaps life's uncertainties and events feel frustrating, isolating, painful and heavy. Therapy can provide a safe and supportive space for understanding. Therapy can help make meaning of your life experiences, struggles which can lead to growth, healing, and empowerment. I am here as a warm and compassionate Therapist to walk alongside you through some of life's most difficult challenges.
Perhaps life's uncertainties and events feel frustrating, isolating, painful and heavy. Therapy can provide a safe and supportive space for understanding. Therapy can help make meaning of your life experiences, struggles which can lead to growth, healing, and empowerment. I am here as a warm and compassionate Therapist to walk alongside you through some of life's most difficult challenges.
(310) 340-7658 View (310) 340-7658
Photo of Deborah Baker, Psychologist in Los Angeles, CA
Deborah Baker
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90046
On the road to your best and brightest self, it is expected you will take some new turns. I am here to assist you on your journey. Maybe you need help listening to your internal compass and clarifying your direction...or maybe I can help you clear obstacles from your path. Whatever it is, a new adventure awaits. Let's go! I especially enjoy working with clients who are self-reflective, who want to deepen their understanding of themselves, and who are actively seeking more satisfying lives.
On the road to your best and brightest self, it is expected you will take some new turns. I am here to assist you on your journey. Maybe you need help listening to your internal compass and clarifying your direction...or maybe I can help you clear obstacles from your path. Whatever it is, a new adventure awaits. Let's go! I especially enjoy working with clients who are self-reflective, who want to deepen their understanding of themselves, and who are actively seeking more satisfying lives.
(424) 347-6068 View (424) 347-6068
Photo of Christina McDowell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Christina McDowell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LSCSW, CST
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90026  (Online Only)
Therapy is a collaboration where we discover creative solutions to your problems, find strong clarity, and discover your truth and powerful, inner voice. I believe in the resiliency of the human spirit and the ability we all have to rise above adversity and intentionally craft our lives. My approach is eclectic and I use solution-focused, evidence-based methods in addition to traditional modalities such as mindfulness and mind/body techniques. Therapy isn't about finding out what is "wrong" with you. At the heart of it, it is about learning, understanding, and discovering the beauty and courage that has been inside all along.
Therapy is a collaboration where we discover creative solutions to your problems, find strong clarity, and discover your truth and powerful, inner voice. I believe in the resiliency of the human spirit and the ability we all have to rise above adversity and intentionally craft our lives. My approach is eclectic and I use solution-focused, evidence-based methods in addition to traditional modalities such as mindfulness and mind/body techniques. Therapy isn't about finding out what is "wrong" with you. At the heart of it, it is about learning, understanding, and discovering the beauty and courage that has been inside all along.
(816) 209-1305 View (816) 209-1305
Photo of Derek Hurschman: Performance And Sport Psychotherapist, Psychological Associate in Los Angeles, CA
Derek Hurschman: Performance And Sport Psychotherapist
Psychological Associate, MS
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90017  (Online Only)
My ideal client strives for - or stands at - the threshold of greatness. An athlete hunting for peak performance, a business executive eyeing boardroom leadership, or an actor preparing for a new role: they encounter hurdles. These can manifest as performance anxiety, loss of motivation, or self-doubt, magnified in high-pressure environments. Are you trying to unleash your true potential? I can provide a teammate with diverse experiences, using my background in collegiate & professional sport to academia, as someone to help walk the intricacies of your battles & is equipped to guide you towards maximizing your true capabilities.
My ideal client strives for - or stands at - the threshold of greatness. An athlete hunting for peak performance, a business executive eyeing boardroom leadership, or an actor preparing for a new role: they encounter hurdles. These can manifest as performance anxiety, loss of motivation, or self-doubt, magnified in high-pressure environments. Are you trying to unleash your true potential? I can provide a teammate with diverse experiences, using my background in collegiate & professional sport to academia, as someone to help walk the intricacies of your battles & is equipped to guide you towards maximizing your true capabilities.
(562) 393-6492 View (562) 393-6492
Photo of Paul Backlund, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Los Angeles, CA
Paul Backlund
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA , AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90004
Owning our story can be hard but not nearly as difficult as spending our lives running from it. So why therapy now? What are your hopes and dreams for the future? Problems only survive when they are supported by particular beliefs and principles. This can feel like a relentless need to escape a moment that never ends. Exploring the details and effects of these obstacles will help lead to different outcomes not yet discovered.
Owning our story can be hard but not nearly as difficult as spending our lives running from it. So why therapy now? What are your hopes and dreams for the future? Problems only survive when they are supported by particular beliefs and principles. This can feel like a relentless need to escape a moment that never ends. Exploring the details and effects of these obstacles will help lead to different outcomes not yet discovered.
(323) 768-0535 View (323) 768-0535
Photo of Susan Fox Horn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Susan Fox Horn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90066
You may be feeling sad, anxious, overwhelmed, or confused. You may be experiencing a difficult life transition or feel that something is missing in your life. It is important to find a therapist with whom you have a good fit, a feeling that your therapist "gets" you in order to develop the trust necessary in a therapeutic relationship. I have over 35 years of experience helping people in a safe, non-judgmental environment. It is through feeling understood that we come to understand ourselves better.
You may be feeling sad, anxious, overwhelmed, or confused. You may be experiencing a difficult life transition or feel that something is missing in your life. It is important to find a therapist with whom you have a good fit, a feeling that your therapist "gets" you in order to develop the trust necessary in a therapeutic relationship. I have over 35 years of experience helping people in a safe, non-judgmental environment. It is through feeling understood that we come to understand ourselves better.
(310) 856-9428 View (310) 856-9428
Photo of Michelle Stark, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Michelle Stark
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90071  (Online Only)
Are you feeling emotionally stuck? Struggling with personal growth? Eager to learn new coping skills? Ready to get to work on you? Let me assist you on your personal journey. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 25 years’ experience. I have an immense passion for helping others achieve self-actualization. I will meet you where you are, and together, we will navigate through the various life challenges you are experiencing. I also am available to conduct Emotional Support Animal/Psychiatric Service Dog evaluations.
Are you feeling emotionally stuck? Struggling with personal growth? Eager to learn new coping skills? Ready to get to work on you? Let me assist you on your personal journey. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 25 years’ experience. I have an immense passion for helping others achieve self-actualization. I will meet you where you are, and together, we will navigate through the various life challenges you are experiencing. I also am available to conduct Emotional Support Animal/Psychiatric Service Dog evaluations.
(423) 900-8118 View (423) 900-8118
Photo of Richard Oelberger, PhD Psychological Services, Psychologist in Los Angeles, CA
Richard Oelberger, PhD Psychological Services
Psychologist, PhD, SEP, EMDR
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90048
When we work together, you will see that I view the therapeutic relationship as a collaborative process between us. Our shared process provides customized approaches to help you thrive, collaborating with each individual to 1. Gain keys and guidance to move through challenges. 2. Resolve internal conflict by taking ownership of your inner world. 3. Focus on your purpose so you can make an impact. 4. Realize your unique vision for your life.
When we work together, you will see that I view the therapeutic relationship as a collaborative process between us. Our shared process provides customized approaches to help you thrive, collaborating with each individual to 1. Gain keys and guidance to move through challenges. 2. Resolve internal conflict by taking ownership of your inner world. 3. Focus on your purpose so you can make an impact. 4. Realize your unique vision for your life.
(323) 747-7043 View (323) 747-7043
Photo of Jennifer Campoy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Jennifer Campoy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90039
Often my clients say they wished they didn’t need so much validation from others in order to have confidence or they want to be more assertive without feeling guilty. They feel strangely alone even in their relationships. Despite being capable & smart and having some degree of insight about how they were raised, people I treat know there is more to the story. Why do they have so much self-doubt or a harsh inner voice or look to others to say they're "okay”? This is where I come in. I help people dig deep into the stories & experiences that shaped them and how those influences sometimes hijack their way of thinking & sense of self.
Often my clients say they wished they didn’t need so much validation from others in order to have confidence or they want to be more assertive without feeling guilty. They feel strangely alone even in their relationships. Despite being capable & smart and having some degree of insight about how they were raised, people I treat know there is more to the story. Why do they have so much self-doubt or a harsh inner voice or look to others to say they're "okay”? This is where I come in. I help people dig deep into the stories & experiences that shaped them and how those influences sometimes hijack their way of thinking & sense of self.
(626) 478-3884 View (626) 478-3884
Photo of Nicole Flynn, Associate Clinical Social Worker in Los Angeles, CA
Nicole Flynn
Associate Clinical Social Worker, MA, ASW,
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90004
I treat individuals affected by complex trauma, anxiety, and depression, often resulting from childhood trauma, which includes, but is not limited to, traumatic experiences, dysfunctional family dynamics, emotional neglect, attachment wounds, abandonment, grief, sudden or violent loss, being raised by a parent with mental illness, domestic violence, and emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. I am a holistic and integrative therapist specializing in EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing), trauma-focused-cognitive behavioral therapy, and somatic therapy. My personality style is warm, affirming, and non-judgmental.
I treat individuals affected by complex trauma, anxiety, and depression, often resulting from childhood trauma, which includes, but is not limited to, traumatic experiences, dysfunctional family dynamics, emotional neglect, attachment wounds, abandonment, grief, sudden or violent loss, being raised by a parent with mental illness, domestic violence, and emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. I am a holistic and integrative therapist specializing in EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing), trauma-focused-cognitive behavioral therapy, and somatic therapy. My personality style is warm, affirming, and non-judgmental.
(213) 510-2598 View (213) 510-2598
Photo of Noelle Palm, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Noelle Palm
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ATR-P
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90068
Perhaps from the outside your life seems pretty good? Maybe there's even a part of you that feels guilty complaining, asking for help? Or, maybe you're in a full-blown crisis? Maybe you've been listening to self help books & podcast? Practicing gratitude & positivity? Meditating & praying? But something still feels OFF ...at home, at work, in your quiet moments alone ...in your relationship with your partner, kids, friends, parents ...with your SELF, your body, age, appearance, relationship-status? Do you feel exhausted? Overwhelmed? Anxious? Numb? Lost? Sad? A tightness in your chest? A pit in your stomach? Like you might explode?
Perhaps from the outside your life seems pretty good? Maybe there's even a part of you that feels guilty complaining, asking for help? Or, maybe you're in a full-blown crisis? Maybe you've been listening to self help books & podcast? Practicing gratitude & positivity? Meditating & praying? But something still feels OFF ...at home, at work, in your quiet moments alone ...in your relationship with your partner, kids, friends, parents ...with your SELF, your body, age, appearance, relationship-status? Do you feel exhausted? Overwhelmed? Anxious? Numb? Lost? Sad? A tightness in your chest? A pit in your stomach? Like you might explode?
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Los Angeles, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Los Angeles, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
74% Self Esteem
72% Relationship Issues
68% Trauma and PTSD
65% Coping Skills
63% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% Aetna
69% Cigna and Evernorth
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Los Angeles, CA see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Los Angeles?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.