Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Alea Frazier, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Alea Frazier
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
If you don’t like something change it, if you can’t change it, change your attitude “Maya Angelou” . Hey, all My name is Alea Frazier I graduated from Rosemont College with a Master of Art in Clinical Psychology with a Concentration in Forensic Psychology. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I have over 9 years’ experience working with individuals of various backgrounds and ages. I have experience treating individuals who have diagnoses of Anxiety, Depression, Low self-esteem, Trauma, Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder, Anger issues, intellectual disorders, and other Co-occurring disorders.
If you don’t like something change it, if you can’t change it, change your attitude “Maya Angelou” . Hey, all My name is Alea Frazier I graduated from Rosemont College with a Master of Art in Clinical Psychology with a Concentration in Forensic Psychology. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I have over 9 years’ experience working with individuals of various backgrounds and ages. I have experience treating individuals who have diagnoses of Anxiety, Depression, Low self-esteem, Trauma, Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder, Anger issues, intellectual disorders, and other Co-occurring disorders.
(484) 292-2082 View (484) 292-2082
Photo of Marcio Costa in Philadelphia, PA
Marcio Costa
PhD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102
I have been working as a psychoanalyst for almost twenty years and understand how challenging it can be to seek help at times. However, as we all need assistance at various moments in our lives, embarking on psychotherapy is an important step. Working with psychoanalysis can help you better understand the past experiences that shaped your character, as well as your future, desires, goals you aspire to achieve and the fears and obstacles you encounter. I can listen to patients in English, Portuguese (my native language), and Spanish. I have experience with student's mental health, depression, anxiety, psychosis and another diagnosis.
I have been working as a psychoanalyst for almost twenty years and understand how challenging it can be to seek help at times. However, as we all need assistance at various moments in our lives, embarking on psychotherapy is an important step. Working with psychoanalysis can help you better understand the past experiences that shaped your character, as well as your future, desires, goals you aspire to achieve and the fears and obstacles you encounter. I can listen to patients in English, Portuguese (my native language), and Spanish. I have experience with student's mental health, depression, anxiety, psychosis and another diagnosis.
(484) 897-6780 View (484) 897-6780
Photo of Virginia Carr, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Virginia Carr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19125
Have all the years of overworking, people-pleasing, and striving for perfection suddenly caught up with you? Your brain is always on, replaying each time you've messed up, trying to figure out whether someone is mad at you, constantly asking “but what if...?” Even when people tell you things are okay, something inside of you doesn't believe them and you brace for the other shoe to drop. You're exhausted, but you feel guilty when you try to rest, and then mad at yourself for not being able to "chill out" like everyone else. With all you're holding on the inside, how are you supposed to enjoy the life you've worked so hard to build?
Have all the years of overworking, people-pleasing, and striving for perfection suddenly caught up with you? Your brain is always on, replaying each time you've messed up, trying to figure out whether someone is mad at you, constantly asking “but what if...?” Even when people tell you things are okay, something inside of you doesn't believe them and you brace for the other shoe to drop. You're exhausted, but you feel guilty when you try to rest, and then mad at yourself for not being able to "chill out" like everyone else. With all you're holding on the inside, how are you supposed to enjoy the life you've worked so hard to build?
(215) 267-5175 View (215) 267-5175
Photo of Brian Ashin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Brian Ashin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMSW, CGP
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
Whether you are exploring therapy for the first time or have had prior treatment, the initial contact with a therapist can be daunting. Feel free to contact me to discuss how therapy may help and if I am the right therapist for you. I would be happy to spend some time on the phone to answer any questions you may have as well as to help you decide whether or not to set up an initial appointment.
Whether you are exploring therapy for the first time or have had prior treatment, the initial contact with a therapist can be daunting. Feel free to contact me to discuss how therapy may help and if I am the right therapist for you. I would be happy to spend some time on the phone to answer any questions you may have as well as to help you decide whether or not to set up an initial appointment.
(267) 727-2809 View (267) 727-2809
Photo of Finn Siepser, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Finn Siepser
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd, MFA, MA
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19148
Let’s get you to where you want to be. I believe my clients are the experts in their own lives and I bring to the work: lived experience, training, and a sincere commitment to you living your best life. I follow your lead while also speaking up when something sounds like it might be harmful internalized messaging. I am invested in working with people of a wide range of relationship models and social identities including polyamorous/non-monogamous, trans and nonbinary, Black, Indigenous, and people of color, fat, disabled, neurodivergent, and sex workers. I come to therapy as a second career from the art and education worlds.
Let’s get you to where you want to be. I believe my clients are the experts in their own lives and I bring to the work: lived experience, training, and a sincere commitment to you living your best life. I follow your lead while also speaking up when something sounds like it might be harmful internalized messaging. I am invested in working with people of a wide range of relationship models and social identities including polyamorous/non-monogamous, trans and nonbinary, Black, Indigenous, and people of color, fat, disabled, neurodivergent, and sex workers. I come to therapy as a second career from the art and education worlds.
(215) 709-0379 View (215) 709-0379
Photo of Jotie Mondair, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Jotie Mondair
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ATR-BC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19121  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Jotie is a licensed professional counselor located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania with many years of experience working with depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and trauma-related disorders. Jotie uses an attachment-based model to identify and address distorted thought patterns and improve relationships (between people, with themselves, or with food).
Jotie is a licensed professional counselor located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania with many years of experience working with depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and trauma-related disorders. Jotie uses an attachment-based model to identify and address distorted thought patterns and improve relationships (between people, with themselves, or with food).
(215) 974-0190 View (215) 974-0190
Photo of Miranda Galbreath, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Miranda Galbreath
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
I'm so glad you're here! I’m excited to collaborate with you in working toward increasing sexual safety, wellness, and pleasure in your life. I'd love to work together to figure out what you’re already doing that’s working for you and develop a plan to build on your current strengths and supports to help you move toward the sexual life and relationships you want.
I'm so glad you're here! I’m excited to collaborate with you in working toward increasing sexual safety, wellness, and pleasure in your life. I'd love to work together to figure out what you’re already doing that’s working for you and develop a plan to build on your current strengths and supports to help you move toward the sexual life and relationships you want.
(484) 290-5650 View (484) 290-5650
Photo of Deb Callahan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Deb Callahan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Developing a relationship with a compassionate, skilled therapist who can help you be present with current life stressors or past traumas, can be an important part of healing. In my practice I work with adults and adolescents with a variety of issues but specialize in issues related to sexual trauma (childhood or adult), childhood emotional/physical abuse, domestic violence, lack of parental attunement, and growing up in a home where alcohol and drugs were abused. I also work with couples who are experiencing challenges in communication, connection and how past trauma effects this. I provide clinical supervision to therapists.
Developing a relationship with a compassionate, skilled therapist who can help you be present with current life stressors or past traumas, can be an important part of healing. In my practice I work with adults and adolescents with a variety of issues but specialize in issues related to sexual trauma (childhood or adult), childhood emotional/physical abuse, domestic violence, lack of parental attunement, and growing up in a home where alcohol and drugs were abused. I also work with couples who are experiencing challenges in communication, connection and how past trauma effects this. I provide clinical supervision to therapists.
(215) 995-3246 View (215) 995-3246
Photo of Matt Sosnowsky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Matt Sosnowsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW, MSW, MAPP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Thanks for visiting my profile! I specialize in adults (college - 40's) dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship & career challenges, ADHD, OCD, panic attacks, and trauma. My approach is first to understand your struggles and perspective. And, as needed, supplement your instincts with clinical tools/ insights. I draw from modalities such as CBT, humanism, IFS, attachment theory & mindfulness (see Treatment Approach below). I'm also trained in Positive Psychology—aka. the scientific study of happiness. As such, I aim to help clients both (1) overcome challenges and (2) optimize passion/ well-being in their lives.
Thanks for visiting my profile! I specialize in adults (college - 40's) dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship & career challenges, ADHD, OCD, panic attacks, and trauma. My approach is first to understand your struggles and perspective. And, as needed, supplement your instincts with clinical tools/ insights. I draw from modalities such as CBT, humanism, IFS, attachment theory & mindfulness (see Treatment Approach below). I'm also trained in Positive Psychology—aka. the scientific study of happiness. As such, I aim to help clients both (1) overcome challenges and (2) optimize passion/ well-being in their lives.
(215) 398-1151 View (215) 398-1151
Photo of Katherine Wendler, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Katherine Wendler
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MEd
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19125  (Online Only)
As a clinician, my hopes are to create a safe, honest, collaborative space for folks to feel empowered to face the complex obstacles that may have them feeling stuck or overwhelmed. I regularly encourage activities outside of session as means to continue growth, practice learned knowledge, and to further establish empowerment within oneself and the systems you live in. I welcome anyone who is seeking therapy.
As a clinician, my hopes are to create a safe, honest, collaborative space for folks to feel empowered to face the complex obstacles that may have them feeling stuck or overwhelmed. I regularly encourage activities outside of session as means to continue growth, practice learned knowledge, and to further establish empowerment within oneself and the systems you live in. I welcome anyone who is seeking therapy.
(267) 460-5518 View (267) 460-5518
Photo of Sarah Marcus, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Sarah Marcus
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147
People come to therapy for so many reasons - perhaps it’s a feeling of overwhelm, a desire to build connection and closeness with yourself and others, or just a hunch that something is off. Whatever your reason may be, now is a great time to begin. I intend to meet you with curiosity and warmth to learn about the depths of your experience as a whole person, honoring the ways you have adapted to manage challenging experiences. I attend carefully to pacing, and will prioritize your autonomy throughout the therapeutic process. Importantly, our work will center on what is important to you.
People come to therapy for so many reasons - perhaps it’s a feeling of overwhelm, a desire to build connection and closeness with yourself and others, or just a hunch that something is off. Whatever your reason may be, now is a great time to begin. I intend to meet you with curiosity and warmth to learn about the depths of your experience as a whole person, honoring the ways you have adapted to manage challenging experiences. I attend carefully to pacing, and will prioritize your autonomy throughout the therapeutic process. Importantly, our work will center on what is important to you.
(267) 641-2112 View (267) 641-2112
Photo of Justin Voss, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Justin Voss
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19107  (Online Only)
Justin Voss is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in the state of Pennsylvania, with a master's degree in clinical social work from Temple University. He has completed training in motivational interviewing, trauma-focused CBT, attachment based family therapy, and extensive workshops in trans related care following his graduate education. His primary area of expertise is working with young adults/adults that identify under the LGBTQ+ umbrella. Justin's clinical interests include LGBTQ, sexual identity, gender identity, kink, polyamory, and non-monogamous relationships.
Justin Voss is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in the state of Pennsylvania, with a master's degree in clinical social work from Temple University. He has completed training in motivational interviewing, trauma-focused CBT, attachment based family therapy, and extensive workshops in trans related care following his graduate education. His primary area of expertise is working with young adults/adults that identify under the LGBTQ+ umbrella. Justin's clinical interests include LGBTQ, sexual identity, gender identity, kink, polyamory, and non-monogamous relationships.
(267) 310-1638 View (267) 310-1638
Photo of Jeanie Snodgrass Almo, Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Jeanie Snodgrass Almo
Counselor, BSN, MS, CHT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19130
I am the Founder of Fairmount Associates, LLC, a private counseling practice combining traditional psychotherapy approaches with hypnotherapy , mindfulness, & energy therapies to address issues as relationships, marriage, separation, divorce, depression, grief and loss, parenting issues, substance abuse, and self esteem. When appropriate, I employ hypnosis and hypnotherapy along with energy and mindfulness therapies to overcome anxiety, fears, phobias, anger, stress; to improve focus for sport, speaking and test taking; preparing for medical procedures & treatments; deal with chronic pain & illness; smoking and weight issues; & for stress reduction & stress management. This comprehensive background and experience provide a platform for my skills as a Life Coach.
I am the Founder of Fairmount Associates, LLC, a private counseling practice combining traditional psychotherapy approaches with hypnotherapy , mindfulness, & energy therapies to address issues as relationships, marriage, separation, divorce, depression, grief and loss, parenting issues, substance abuse, and self esteem. When appropriate, I employ hypnosis and hypnotherapy along with energy and mindfulness therapies to overcome anxiety, fears, phobias, anger, stress; to improve focus for sport, speaking and test taking; preparing for medical procedures & treatments; deal with chronic pain & illness; smoking and weight issues; & for stress reduction & stress management. This comprehensive background and experience provide a platform for my skills as a Life Coach.
(215) 486-3283 View (215) 486-3283
Photo of Erica Madge, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Erica Madge
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
Hi, I'm Erica. My practice is grounded in a thoughtful fusion of evidence-based therapeutic techniques and a genuine appreciation for the complexities of human emotions. Through empathetic guidance and professional expertise, I create a safe haven for individuals looking to navigate their paths towards personal growth.
Hi, I'm Erica. My practice is grounded in a thoughtful fusion of evidence-based therapeutic techniques and a genuine appreciation for the complexities of human emotions. Through empathetic guidance and professional expertise, I create a safe haven for individuals looking to navigate their paths towards personal growth.
(484) 559-7369 View (484) 559-7369
Photo of Jessica Bair, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Jessica Bair
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Hello there, My name is Jessica. Do you ever feel like you need help understanding your child's emotions? Maybe you're not sure why they have so much anxiety or why they struggle with their anger.
Hello there, My name is Jessica. Do you ever feel like you need help understanding your child's emotions? Maybe you're not sure why they have so much anxiety or why they struggle with their anger.
(484) 310-8105 View (484) 310-8105
Photo of Hill Counseling LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Hill Counseling LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19122
Hill Counseling is committed to helping clients grow. Please click on the link to our website (underneath the profile picture) for specific information as to our specialties and our therapists. We pride ourselves on being able to see clients quickly as we generally have no waiting list. Thank you for choosing Hill Counseling!
Hill Counseling is committed to helping clients grow. Please click on the link to our website (underneath the profile picture) for specific information as to our specialties and our therapists. We pride ourselves on being able to see clients quickly as we generally have no waiting list. Thank you for choosing Hill Counseling!
(267) 592-6694 View (267) 592-6694
Photo of Aliyyah Johnson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Aliyyah Johnson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
At the core, I believe we all want to feel loved, heard, and understood. However, there may be things getting in the way of what we want, such as trauma, family influences, and societal messaging. My goal is to co-create a space with you (and your partner) that is affirming of your unique background and experiences. We can explore where you’re feeling stuck and how to create new opportunities for healing, intimacy, and connection. I work with individuals and couples of all backgrounds but have particular interest and experience in the queer, poly/CNM, and Black communities.
At the core, I believe we all want to feel loved, heard, and understood. However, there may be things getting in the way of what we want, such as trauma, family influences, and societal messaging. My goal is to co-create a space with you (and your partner) that is affirming of your unique background and experiences. We can explore where you’re feeling stuck and how to create new opportunities for healing, intimacy, and connection. I work with individuals and couples of all backgrounds but have particular interest and experience in the queer, poly/CNM, and Black communities.
(484) 577-2453 View (484) 577-2453
Photo of Christina Atkinson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Christina Atkinson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19115  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm here and ready to help you! I know there are a lot of choices out there for therapists/counselors and whether this is your first time looking for one or you've been through this before, it can feel overwhelming and stressful. Just as much as you are looking for the "right therapist", I am seeking the ideal client to help support, address their issues, alleviate their symptoms, and help them achieve their goals. Everyone is at a different place in their mental health journey. I want to meet you where you are in that journey and work through your struggles at a pace that feels right for you!
Hi! I'm here and ready to help you! I know there are a lot of choices out there for therapists/counselors and whether this is your first time looking for one or you've been through this before, it can feel overwhelming and stressful. Just as much as you are looking for the "right therapist", I am seeking the ideal client to help support, address their issues, alleviate their symptoms, and help them achieve their goals. Everyone is at a different place in their mental health journey. I want to meet you where you are in that journey and work through your struggles at a pace that feels right for you!
(267) 310-3055 View (267) 310-3055
Photo of Craig Cohen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Craig Cohen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Are you struggling with depression, anxiety, a life transition, or problems in your relationships? Are you feeling sad, angry, or in need of help right now with complicated issues? I work to create a safe, enriching environment as we collaborate together to develop a clearer understanding of these concerns. We explore your goals in life and what gets in the way of experiencing a sense of fulfillment and purpose. I strive to listen and support the needs of my clients and explore with them meaningful changes they can make in their lives and in their personal and professional relationships.
Are you struggling with depression, anxiety, a life transition, or problems in your relationships? Are you feeling sad, angry, or in need of help right now with complicated issues? I work to create a safe, enriching environment as we collaborate together to develop a clearer understanding of these concerns. We explore your goals in life and what gets in the way of experiencing a sense of fulfillment and purpose. I strive to listen and support the needs of my clients and explore with them meaningful changes they can make in their lives and in their personal and professional relationships.
(215) 559-9558 View (215) 559-9558
Photo of Robert Zeitlin, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Robert Zeitlin
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19127
As a Licensed Psychologist, I help adults, teens, and younger children who are having trouble with sadness, worries, and other feelings that are distracting them from what they want to do.
As a Licensed Psychologist, I help adults, teens, and younger children who are having trouble with sadness, worries, and other feelings that are distracting them from what they want to do.
(610) 915-8536 View (610) 915-8536

See more therapy options for Philadelphia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$143

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
65% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.