Therapists in Clayton, MO

Photo of Katie Bridges McDaniel, Marriage & Family Therapist in Clayton, MO
Katie Bridges McDaniel
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105  (Online Only)
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist who enjoys working with individuals and couples. I have experience working with a variety of clinical issues including anxiety, depression, grief and loss, family and life transitions, parenting, school and work stressors, relationships, self-esteem, and trauma. I take a systems approach by understanding that each person is a part of a whole emotional and relational unit. I use Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy, Collaborative Language Therapy, and psychoeducation to help clients improve communication, foster coping skills, and plan for a better future.
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist who enjoys working with individuals and couples. I have experience working with a variety of clinical issues including anxiety, depression, grief and loss, family and life transitions, parenting, school and work stressors, relationships, self-esteem, and trauma. I take a systems approach by understanding that each person is a part of a whole emotional and relational unit. I use Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy, Collaborative Language Therapy, and psychoeducation to help clients improve communication, foster coping skills, and plan for a better future.
(314) 804-2001 View (314) 804-2001
Photo of Rebecca Pastor, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clayton, MO
Rebecca Pastor
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, MFA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63105
Our symptoms have something to say. Different symptoms bring people into psychotherapy: anxiousness, chronic sadness, creative and artistic block, loneliness, addictions, sexual obsessions. Symptoms are a language, and though they are often labeled as depression or anxiety, the meaning of a symptom is unique to the person who suffers with it. Symptoms are painful, but they are also startlingly creative, personal and specific. Sometimes the body is asked to express the scary, painful things that words cannot. When physical symptoms occur without a medical explanation, we can look to them to help us understand the mental and emotional landscape.
Our symptoms have something to say. Different symptoms bring people into psychotherapy: anxiousness, chronic sadness, creative and artistic block, loneliness, addictions, sexual obsessions. Symptoms are a language, and though they are often labeled as depression or anxiety, the meaning of a symptom is unique to the person who suffers with it. Symptoms are painful, but they are also startlingly creative, personal and specific. Sometimes the body is asked to express the scary, painful things that words cannot. When physical symptoms occur without a medical explanation, we can look to them to help us understand the mental and emotional landscape.
(314) 266-4276 View (314) 266-4276
Photo of Sarah Strohmayer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clayton, MO
Sarah Strohmayer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63105
Starting therapy can be anxiety-provoking and scary. You are already making the steps to finding someone to start the process of caring for yourself. I am dedicated to helping you gain control of your life and assist you in making changes to become the person you desire to be. I provide a secure and nurturing environment for you to explore deep into yourself and uncover past experiences or beliefs that could be hindering growth. I work a lot with people who have experienced trauma and understand the importance of the process of working through trauma including teaching relaxation and self-regulation techniques.
Starting therapy can be anxiety-provoking and scary. You are already making the steps to finding someone to start the process of caring for yourself. I am dedicated to helping you gain control of your life and assist you in making changes to become the person you desire to be. I provide a secure and nurturing environment for you to explore deep into yourself and uncover past experiences or beliefs that could be hindering growth. I work a lot with people who have experienced trauma and understand the importance of the process of working through trauma including teaching relaxation and self-regulation techniques.
(314) 667-4023 View (314) 667-4023
Photo of Tabor Burke, Pre-Licensed Professional in Clayton, MO
Tabor Burke
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd, PLPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63105
Relationships are hard, whether that relationship is with you, the people who matter to you or a co-parent or an ex. I serve adults with a variety of relationship issues, including co-parenting, divorce, family reunification, or parenting. I help couples and family members reconnect. I work with co-parents to help them reduce conflict and put their children first. I help parents with children of higher needs reconnect with themselves and their children. Or I can just help you on your own journey to repairing or establishing relationships. Whatever your goal, I hope you will invest in you and your path to feeling better.
Relationships are hard, whether that relationship is with you, the people who matter to you or a co-parent or an ex. I serve adults with a variety of relationship issues, including co-parenting, divorce, family reunification, or parenting. I help couples and family members reconnect. I work with co-parents to help them reduce conflict and put their children first. I help parents with children of higher needs reconnect with themselves and their children. Or I can just help you on your own journey to repairing or establishing relationships. Whatever your goal, I hope you will invest in you and your path to feeling better.
(314) 375-4812 View (314) 375-4812
Photo of Loren Gaillardetz in Clayton, MO
Loren Gaillardetz
MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63105
Therapy tailored to you. Let's go deep! Many people come to me because they are unhappy in their relationships, work, or with how they feel about themselves, but they're not sure how to find their way to deeper fulfillment. Many people I work with have been in therapy before and learned cognitive or mindfulness skills that, while helpful, don't seem to go quite deep enough. Often, they have the sense that there is more to their challenges than meets the eye, but they don't quite know how to figure it out.
Therapy tailored to you. Let's go deep! Many people come to me because they are unhappy in their relationships, work, or with how they feel about themselves, but they're not sure how to find their way to deeper fulfillment. Many people I work with have been in therapy before and learned cognitive or mindfulness skills that, while helpful, don't seem to go quite deep enough. Often, they have the sense that there is more to their challenges than meets the eye, but they don't quite know how to figure it out.
(314) 804-3659 View (314) 804-3659
Photo of Lukas M Presley, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clayton, MO
Lukas M Presley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
I have experience working with teenagers, college students, and adults in outpatient and residential settings. I have counseled adopted individuals and their families, those struggling with substance use, and those combating the symptoms of anxiety, depression, relationship conflict, and feelings of isolation. I also have a deep connection to counseling members of the LGBTQ+ community and addressing the unique lived experiences of LGBTQ+ individuals.
I have experience working with teenagers, college students, and adults in outpatient and residential settings. I have counseled adopted individuals and their families, those struggling with substance use, and those combating the symptoms of anxiety, depression, relationship conflict, and feelings of isolation. I also have a deep connection to counseling members of the LGBTQ+ community and addressing the unique lived experiences of LGBTQ+ individuals.
(314) 820-0839 View (314) 820-0839
Photo of Kristen Craren, Counselor in Clayton, MO
Kristen Craren
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
Dear potential client, It is exhausting trying to find a therapist that fits, even for us professionals that work in the industry, so I will try and make this easy for you because I want to make this easy. The clients that I experience a mutual bond and ability to work with normally come with a boatload of family issues. These clients appear for couples therapy, parent coaching and individual therapy for a variety of reasons but the complicated family history is the thread that connects them all. Many have anxiety and live in a heightened state most of the time. They feel less than and are ready for a change of life experience.
Dear potential client, It is exhausting trying to find a therapist that fits, even for us professionals that work in the industry, so I will try and make this easy for you because I want to make this easy. The clients that I experience a mutual bond and ability to work with normally come with a boatload of family issues. These clients appear for couples therapy, parent coaching and individual therapy for a variety of reasons but the complicated family history is the thread that connects them all. Many have anxiety and live in a heightened state most of the time. They feel less than and are ready for a change of life experience.
(314) 582-4275 View (314) 582-4275
Photo of Aya B Kawasaki, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clayton, MO
Aya B Kawasaki
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, LLM
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
I work with adolescents, adults, and seniors. In home, in school services are available. Clients are encouraged to have specific goals in order to have a personalized treatment plan. I also like to incorporate relaxation exercise.
I work with adolescents, adults, and seniors. In home, in school services are available. Clients are encouraged to have specific goals in order to have a personalized treatment plan. I also like to incorporate relaxation exercise.
(314) 932-2368 View (314) 932-2368
Photo of Stacey Budke, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clayton, MO
Stacey Budke
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63105
I believe we all have the capacity to improve our lives and understand ourselves more fully. It takes a great deal of courage to ask for help. Appreciating and respecting that courage, my work is to help my clients attain their goals. We do this together as a team. Being stuck personally or professionally is poignantly uncomfortable. Together we can move thru and beyond this state and get to the other side. To address your individuality I utilize a wide array of interventions: mindfulness-based talk therapy, somatic techniques, art therapy, music therapy.
I believe we all have the capacity to improve our lives and understand ourselves more fully. It takes a great deal of courage to ask for help. Appreciating and respecting that courage, my work is to help my clients attain their goals. We do this together as a team. Being stuck personally or professionally is poignantly uncomfortable. Together we can move thru and beyond this state and get to the other side. To address your individuality I utilize a wide array of interventions: mindfulness-based talk therapy, somatic techniques, art therapy, music therapy.
(314) 361-7799 View (314) 361-7799
Photo of Libby Ryan, Pre-Licensed Professional in Clayton, MO
Libby Ryan
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63105
Do you feel like no matter what you do it’s never good enough? Even though you’re working hard, you’re pushing forward, you feel inadequate and unseen? Do you often feel overwhelmed and exhausted? Are you getting stuck in cycles of thought that bring you down and make you feel out of touch with yourself? It's so exhausting. You just wish you could make the people in your life understand the burden you're carrying. What if you could just be your authentic self and experience joy more often?
Do you feel like no matter what you do it’s never good enough? Even though you’re working hard, you’re pushing forward, you feel inadequate and unseen? Do you often feel overwhelmed and exhausted? Are you getting stuck in cycles of thought that bring you down and make you feel out of touch with yourself? It's so exhausting. You just wish you could make the people in your life understand the burden you're carrying. What if you could just be your authentic self and experience joy more often?
(314) 804-0739 View (314) 804-0739
Photo of Marisa Gelfand, Counselor in Clayton, MO
Marisa Gelfand
Counselor, LPC, MEd
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63105
I partner with people who are struggling and want to become happier and healthier versions of themselves. More specifically, many of my patients are seeking help related to an eating disorder, body image concerns, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or a lack of confidence.
I partner with people who are struggling and want to become happier and healthier versions of themselves. More specifically, many of my patients are seeking help related to an eating disorder, body image concerns, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or a lack of confidence.
(314) 804-0460 View (314) 804-0460
Photo of Peggy Levinson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clayton, MO
Peggy Levinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMFT
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
With a professional style that blends warmth and caring, Peggy brings in-depth treatment skills and 40 years of experience to her work . A family systems and psychodynamically trained therapist, she devises systems of treatment based on the individual needs of her patients. Peggy has offered workshops at universities and hospitals across the Midwest, including Washington University and the United Way. From her initial work at a New York hospital to her current private practice, Peggy has shown genuine commitment to helping her clients reach their full potential, emphasizing the connection between body, mind, and spirit.
With a professional style that blends warmth and caring, Peggy brings in-depth treatment skills and 40 years of experience to her work . A family systems and psychodynamically trained therapist, she devises systems of treatment based on the individual needs of her patients. Peggy has offered workshops at universities and hospitals across the Midwest, including Washington University and the United Way. From her initial work at a New York hospital to her current private practice, Peggy has shown genuine commitment to helping her clients reach their full potential, emphasizing the connection between body, mind, and spirit.
(314) 714-5959 View (314) 714-5959
Photo of Mark Thomas Schillinger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clayton, MO
Mark Thomas Schillinger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
Do you get caught in a rollercoaster of thoughts about what you “should” be doing with your life? Do you need help meeting deadlines for work projects? When your alarm blares in the morning, do you grumble, put your head under the covers, and wish you could sleep all day? If so, you are not alone. Life is increasingly more complicated, which makes it difficult to complete everyday tasks, not to mention trying to achieve your more aspirational goals. Therapy is a safe, non-judgmental space to be open about your past and present challenges. Therapy is about being willing to take action to create positive changes in your life.
Do you get caught in a rollercoaster of thoughts about what you “should” be doing with your life? Do you need help meeting deadlines for work projects? When your alarm blares in the morning, do you grumble, put your head under the covers, and wish you could sleep all day? If so, you are not alone. Life is increasingly more complicated, which makes it difficult to complete everyday tasks, not to mention trying to achieve your more aspirational goals. Therapy is a safe, non-judgmental space to be open about your past and present challenges. Therapy is about being willing to take action to create positive changes in your life.
(314) 794-7342 x709 View (314) 794-7342 x709
Photo of Akoma Healing & Consultation, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clayton, MO
Akoma Healing & Consultation
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105  (Online Only)
My clinical experience in the St. Louis area ranges from working with adults in inpatient treatment centers for mental health and substance abuse to non-profit community case management and trauma therapy. I specialize in working with survivors impacted by sexual, domestic, and community violence. As well as those diagnosed with mental illnesses such as anxiety, PTSD, and those impacted by grief.
My clinical experience in the St. Louis area ranges from working with adults in inpatient treatment centers for mental health and substance abuse to non-profit community case management and trauma therapy. I specialize in working with survivors impacted by sexual, domestic, and community violence. As well as those diagnosed with mental illnesses such as anxiety, PTSD, and those impacted by grief.
(314) 470-9286 View (314) 470-9286
Photo of Kristin A Wright, Marriage & Family Therapist in Clayton, MO
Kristin A Wright
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63105
CHANGE: "to make or become different." Chances are if you're checking out websites for therapists, you're likely thinking about change-either change that you're interested in initiating or change that has been thrust upon you. Regardless, it can be a daunting experience and taking the first step is sometimes the most challenging. Take a look at the information here and on my website, and give me a call if you'd like to talk.
CHANGE: "to make or become different." Chances are if you're checking out websites for therapists, you're likely thinking about change-either change that you're interested in initiating or change that has been thrust upon you. Regardless, it can be a daunting experience and taking the first step is sometimes the most challenging. Take a look at the information here and on my website, and give me a call if you'd like to talk.
(314) 269-0831 View (314) 269-0831
Photo of Laura M Kaplan, Psychologist in Clayton, MO
Laura M Kaplan
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
I am a licensed psychologist with over twenty-five years of experience working with adolescents and adults. While I see a diverse group of clients, I do work with many members of St. Louis' academic community, including professors, graduate students, administrators, and physicians. I also see undergraduates and older high school students. A second area of my focus is our city's creative community; I work with many musicians, artists, performers and writers. My treatment style is warm, thoughtful and natural, and I draw from many different treatment approaches to provide the best possible care. I look forward to hearing from you.
I am a licensed psychologist with over twenty-five years of experience working with adolescents and adults. While I see a diverse group of clients, I do work with many members of St. Louis' academic community, including professors, graduate students, administrators, and physicians. I also see undergraduates and older high school students. A second area of my focus is our city's creative community; I work with many musicians, artists, performers and writers. My treatment style is warm, thoughtful and natural, and I draw from many different treatment approaches to provide the best possible care. I look forward to hearing from you.
(314) 560-0470 View (314) 560-0470
Photo of Erika M. Ottolini, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clayton, MO
Erika M. Ottolini
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63105
Whether you are a teen struggling with friendships and social media, a young person about to graduate from college and fraught with anxiety about your next transition, the parent of a young person wondering how best to help them grow or someone looking for change and not sure where to start, know that there is help available in a compassionate and understanding space. At Artemis Counseling, our goal is to empower teens, parents and families who often come to us during a time of transition, to move through life’s transitions and soar.
Whether you are a teen struggling with friendships and social media, a young person about to graduate from college and fraught with anxiety about your next transition, the parent of a young person wondering how best to help them grow or someone looking for change and not sure where to start, know that there is help available in a compassionate and understanding space. At Artemis Counseling, our goal is to empower teens, parents and families who often come to us during a time of transition, to move through life’s transitions and soar.
(314) 732-4507 View (314) 732-4507
Photo of Emergence Psychological Services, Psychologist in Clayton, MO
Emergence Psychological Services
Psychologist, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
The word “emerge” means to come into view or become exposed. Accordingly, the mission of Emergence Psychological Services is to help every client evolve, giving rise to a more aware, healed, and balanced version of themselves. At Emergence Psychological Services we value and respect every person, regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, ability, age, religion, or socioeconomic status. By recognizing and valuing the unique strengths and abilities of each person, we at Emergence Psychological Services are committed to creating a more inclusive and equitable world where everyone has the chance to thrive.
The word “emerge” means to come into view or become exposed. Accordingly, the mission of Emergence Psychological Services is to help every client evolve, giving rise to a more aware, healed, and balanced version of themselves. At Emergence Psychological Services we value and respect every person, regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, ability, age, religion, or socioeconomic status. By recognizing and valuing the unique strengths and abilities of each person, we at Emergence Psychological Services are committed to creating a more inclusive and equitable world where everyone has the chance to thrive.
(314) 937-6694 View (314) 937-6694
Photo of Karen Banks, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clayton, MO
Karen Banks
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63117
I work with clients experiencing emotional, cultural, sexual health, and relationship concerns. We spend time processing your situation and feelings and finding solutions that work for you. I recognize each client is an individual and treat them as such. Let's work together to help you walk in your truth. I've completed all 3 levels of Gottman Method Couples Therapy training, Treating Affairs & Trauma, Couples and Addiction Recovery, CBT for Insomnia, and am enrolled in Sex Therapy Certification through SHA. I also enjoy working with people in poly and ethically non-monogamous relationships and individuals in the kink community.
I work with clients experiencing emotional, cultural, sexual health, and relationship concerns. We spend time processing your situation and feelings and finding solutions that work for you. I recognize each client is an individual and treat them as such. Let's work together to help you walk in your truth. I've completed all 3 levels of Gottman Method Couples Therapy training, Treating Affairs & Trauma, Couples and Addiction Recovery, CBT for Insomnia, and am enrolled in Sex Therapy Certification through SHA. I also enjoy working with people in poly and ethically non-monogamous relationships and individuals in the kink community.
(314) 279-3455 View (314) 279-3455
Photo of Angela Adamson Springer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clayton, MO
Angela Adamson Springer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, ACT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63124
If you or your child/teen is struggling with anxiety-related problems or OCD- we've got you! My name is Angela Springer; I am the owner of Calm Mind CBT. All five therapists at Calm Mind have advanced training in evidence-based treatment for anxiety and OCD. Treatment that works! We work with kids, teens, adults, and parents (so everyone!). Our PASSION is to make therapy fun and engaging for kids. Check out our Instagram to see lots of fun video (CalmMindCBT). We can't wait to show you how we can help as you take the first (or maybe the millionth) step toward reducing your/your child's anxiety. You are no longer alone in this!
If you or your child/teen is struggling with anxiety-related problems or OCD- we've got you! My name is Angela Springer; I am the owner of Calm Mind CBT. All five therapists at Calm Mind have advanced training in evidence-based treatment for anxiety and OCD. Treatment that works! We work with kids, teens, adults, and parents (so everyone!). Our PASSION is to make therapy fun and engaging for kids. Check out our Instagram to see lots of fun video (CalmMindCBT). We can't wait to show you how we can help as you take the first (or maybe the millionth) step toward reducing your/your child's anxiety. You are no longer alone in this!
(314) 309-3374 View (314) 309-3374

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Clayton, MO

200+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Clayton, MO who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
66% Grief
65% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Aetna
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
66% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Clayton, MO see their clients

85% In Person and Online
15% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Clayton?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.