Therapists in Los Angeles, CA

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Photo of Rupal Wilcox, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Rupal Wilcox
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90024  (Online Only)
Together we will work on building resilience by restructuring thoughts, emotions, and behaviors based on your treatment goals and the means you would like to use to achieve those goals. I believe in engaging my clients in a compassionate and nonjudgmental approach. My experience spans working with multiple public and private health organizations. My therapeutic approach is Strengths-based and client-centered. I believe in helping you identify your strengths, to be able to build on them so that you may find solutions and take back control of your life.
Together we will work on building resilience by restructuring thoughts, emotions, and behaviors based on your treatment goals and the means you would like to use to achieve those goals. I believe in engaging my clients in a compassionate and nonjudgmental approach. My experience spans working with multiple public and private health organizations. My therapeutic approach is Strengths-based and client-centered. I believe in helping you identify your strengths, to be able to build on them so that you may find solutions and take back control of your life.
(424) 358-3403 View (424) 358-3403
Photo of Elysa Waldholz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Elysa Waldholz
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90064
Are your concerns keeping you from leading the life you want and being the person you want to be? You may be surprised that with modest effort and professional support many problems can be overcome. If you are willing to make that effort and want a professional who will have a sincere interest in your well being, I provide a caring, warm, collaborative environment where you can go at your own pace. If finances are an issue I can offer affordable sliding scale fees.
Are your concerns keeping you from leading the life you want and being the person you want to be? You may be surprised that with modest effort and professional support many problems can be overcome. If you are willing to make that effort and want a professional who will have a sincere interest in your well being, I provide a caring, warm, collaborative environment where you can go at your own pace. If finances are an issue I can offer affordable sliding scale fees.
(310) 933-5608 View (310) 933-5608
Photo of Wendy Jaffa, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Wendy Jaffa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90010
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who enjoys helping individuals find their path of joy by understanding the past, finding their voice in the present, and mapping out hope for the future. I can help you develop coping skills when facing unexpected and demanding situations so that you are able to move forward on your own path and at your own pace. Whether it’s adjusting to a new job or relationship, grieving the loss of a loved one, or managing life’s anxiety, I strongly believe that everyone has the ability to heal, grow and move forward.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who enjoys helping individuals find their path of joy by understanding the past, finding their voice in the present, and mapping out hope for the future. I can help you develop coping skills when facing unexpected and demanding situations so that you are able to move forward on your own path and at your own pace. Whether it’s adjusting to a new job or relationship, grieving the loss of a loved one, or managing life’s anxiety, I strongly believe that everyone has the ability to heal, grow and move forward.
(310) 740-9134 View (310) 740-9134
Photo of Chris Lapin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Chris Lapin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
13 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90004
Behind every one of our problems lies the powerful desire for something better; a truth easily obscured when our troubles seem too much for us. My primary goal is to make therapy a safe, collaborative space in which choice and possibility reemerge in support of your preferred self.
Behind every one of our problems lies the powerful desire for something better; a truth easily obscured when our troubles seem too much for us. My primary goal is to make therapy a safe, collaborative space in which choice and possibility reemerge in support of your preferred self.
(323) 529-3897 View (323) 529-3897
Photo of Sunyata Ono, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Sunyata Ono
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90028
Hello and welcome! If you are struggling with identity issues, anxiety, depression, sexuality, self-esteem, life transitions, and/or relationship difficulties, I believe that we can work together towards healing, resolution, and growth. I work psychodynamically with individuals and couples who want to heal past traumas and pain in order to achieve greater self-awareness, acceptance, and freedom. I believe we are all greatly affected by childhood experiences and relationships, and by examining these we can create the space for greater clarity and growth both on an individual level and within current relationships.
Hello and welcome! If you are struggling with identity issues, anxiety, depression, sexuality, self-esteem, life transitions, and/or relationship difficulties, I believe that we can work together towards healing, resolution, and growth. I work psychodynamically with individuals and couples who want to heal past traumas and pain in order to achieve greater self-awareness, acceptance, and freedom. I believe we are all greatly affected by childhood experiences and relationships, and by examining these we can create the space for greater clarity and growth both on an individual level and within current relationships.
(626) 316-6715 View (626) 316-6715
Photo of Leslie Hoyt, Psychologist in Los Angeles, CA
Leslie Hoyt
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 91335
Hi, I'm Leslie, a Licensed Psychologist with over 20 years of experience. I help people struggling with depression, anxiety, grief, coping skills, anger management, and more. I employ techniques such as Acceptance and Commitment (ACT), Client Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Dialectical (DBT), and Grief Therapy modalities. Therapy should be a positive experience that helps you resolve a current issue and develop skills you can use throughout your life. I'm here to listen in order to understand you and your unique situation, with the goal of working with you to journey through the difficulties you are having.
Hi, I'm Leslie, a Licensed Psychologist with over 20 years of experience. I help people struggling with depression, anxiety, grief, coping skills, anger management, and more. I employ techniques such as Acceptance and Commitment (ACT), Client Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Dialectical (DBT), and Grief Therapy modalities. Therapy should be a positive experience that helps you resolve a current issue and develop skills you can use throughout your life. I'm here to listen in order to understand you and your unique situation, with the goal of working with you to journey through the difficulties you are having.
(747) 298-6027 View (747) 298-6027
Photo of Orlando Interiano, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Orlando Interiano
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90062  (Online Only)
Your journey to healing is deeply personal, and as your therapist, my role is to accompany you every step of the way. What's your resolution? This question marks the beginning of our journey together, delving into the fundamental changes you seek in your life. I understand that each individual's path is unique, filled with their own stories of struggle and resilience, seeking peace, growth, and healing.
Your journey to healing is deeply personal, and as your therapist, my role is to accompany you every step of the way. What's your resolution? This question marks the beginning of our journey together, delving into the fundamental changes you seek in your life. I understand that each individual's path is unique, filled with their own stories of struggle and resilience, seeking peace, growth, and healing.
(213) 682-3761 View (213) 682-3761
Photo of Jens Schmidt, Psychologist in Los Angeles, CA
Jens Schmidt
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90025
Having been a psychotherapist for more than 25 years, I approach each new therapeutic relationship with the utmost curiosity and fascination about how unique every person is. Humility and profound respect for the individual remain at the center of my work. I believe that being true to ourselves is essential to our well being. To live authentically requires getting to know yourself and creating fulfilling relationships with others who honor that truth.
Having been a psychotherapist for more than 25 years, I approach each new therapeutic relationship with the utmost curiosity and fascination about how unique every person is. Humility and profound respect for the individual remain at the center of my work. I believe that being true to ourselves is essential to our well being. To live authentically requires getting to know yourself and creating fulfilling relationships with others who honor that truth.
(424) 293-7529 x500 View (424) 293-7529 x500
Photo of Matthew Spector, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Matthew Spector
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90039
Welcome! My task as your therapist is to first provide a space where you’ll feel free to talk openly and be your truest self. Then, together, we will get to the bottom of whatever it is that may be contributing to the way you're feeling, and collaborate on ways you can begin to feel more at ease, empowered, and in alignment with your personal values, goals, and unique identity. I believe that we all hold the ability to manage life's challenges. To do this, we sometimes need a supportive guide. Enter therapy.
Welcome! My task as your therapist is to first provide a space where you’ll feel free to talk openly and be your truest self. Then, together, we will get to the bottom of whatever it is that may be contributing to the way you're feeling, and collaborate on ways you can begin to feel more at ease, empowered, and in alignment with your personal values, goals, and unique identity. I believe that we all hold the ability to manage life's challenges. To do this, we sometimes need a supportive guide. Enter therapy.
(213) 421-0609 View (213) 421-0609
Photo of Afsoun (Angie) Zarrabian, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Afsoun (Angie) Zarrabian
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90007
Hi there, my name is Afsoun (Angie) Zarrabian and I am Licensed Marriage Family Therapist (LMFT). I am current member of California Association of Marriage and Family Therapist (CAMFT). I speak Farsi and I am fluent in American Sign Language. My style and approach is a good fit for young adults and individuals who may be dealing with anxiety, depression, stress, life transitions, trauma, and social pressures. I help my clients to learn how to navigate these transition periods, to build skills to allow them to feel better about themselves and to develop a more positive outlook on life.
Hi there, my name is Afsoun (Angie) Zarrabian and I am Licensed Marriage Family Therapist (LMFT). I am current member of California Association of Marriage and Family Therapist (CAMFT). I speak Farsi and I am fluent in American Sign Language. My style and approach is a good fit for young adults and individuals who may be dealing with anxiety, depression, stress, life transitions, trauma, and social pressures. I help my clients to learn how to navigate these transition periods, to build skills to allow them to feel better about themselves and to develop a more positive outlook on life.
(323) 375-2607 View (323) 375-2607
Photo of Donna Cretcher, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Donna Cretcher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90066
Hello, my name is Donna Cohen Cretcher, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker I believe life is a journey and everyone has their personal challenges. I enjoy the experience of understanding you and helping you. I am an active participant in sessions by asking questions to fully understand who you are and how best to support you. I individualize your treatment based on what you want, need and who you are. I see myself as a coach to support you in obtaining your goals and a sense of wellness in your life.
Hello, my name is Donna Cohen Cretcher, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker I believe life is a journey and everyone has their personal challenges. I enjoy the experience of understanding you and helping you. I am an active participant in sessions by asking questions to fully understand who you are and how best to support you. I individualize your treatment based on what you want, need and who you are. I see myself as a coach to support you in obtaining your goals and a sense of wellness in your life.
(424) 484-4665 View (424) 484-4665
Photo of Maura Schauerman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Maura Schauerman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90048
My name is Maura Schauerman and I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist specializing in working with adolescents and adults with depression, anxiety, self-esteem issues, eating disorders, and struggles with identity. Additionally, my expertise in couples therapy has helped many couples to improve their communication, deepen their emotional connection, and navigate conflicts in a more productive way. I work with couples who are experiencing a wide range of challenges, including infidelity, trust issues, and difficulties with intimacy.
My name is Maura Schauerman and I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist specializing in working with adolescents and adults with depression, anxiety, self-esteem issues, eating disorders, and struggles with identity. Additionally, my expertise in couples therapy has helped many couples to improve their communication, deepen their emotional connection, and navigate conflicts in a more productive way. I work with couples who are experiencing a wide range of challenges, including infidelity, trust issues, and difficulties with intimacy.
(424) 375-6547 View (424) 375-6547
Photo of Eleana Coll, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Eleana Coll
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 91335
I am Eleana Coll, with LCSW 87111. I am a bilingual/bicultural Spanish-speaking Psychotherapist with many years of experience working with children, adults, adolescents, and families who have experienced trauma, abuse, crime victimization, and immigration/acculturation issues. The clientele I serve is mainly Spanish-speaking Immigrants. My therapeutic approach is to create a positive, humanistic relationship and environment to help you process and resolve those difficulties and strive for balance in your life. I use positive communication to create a safe and nurturing session environment.
I am Eleana Coll, with LCSW 87111. I am a bilingual/bicultural Spanish-speaking Psychotherapist with many years of experience working with children, adults, adolescents, and families who have experienced trauma, abuse, crime victimization, and immigration/acculturation issues. The clientele I serve is mainly Spanish-speaking Immigrants. My therapeutic approach is to create a positive, humanistic relationship and environment to help you process and resolve those difficulties and strive for balance in your life. I use positive communication to create a safe and nurturing session environment.
(818) 452-2262 View (818) 452-2262
Photo of Craig Cassidy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Craig Cassidy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CSAT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90025  (Online Only)
Healing our patterns of emotional hurt and addictive habits to create a life of freedom and intimacy is the greatest journey we can take in our lives. This process requires insight, courage, compassion and resiliency to start the climb towards self acceptance. Craig Cassidy, Licensed Marriage Family Therapist and Certified Sex Addiction Therapist, is skilled in Psychodynamic, Attachment, Trauma and Addiction therapy to assist you in attaining the life you aspire—a life free from the shackles of trauma that keeps us from the joys of authentic expression.
Healing our patterns of emotional hurt and addictive habits to create a life of freedom and intimacy is the greatest journey we can take in our lives. This process requires insight, courage, compassion and resiliency to start the climb towards self acceptance. Craig Cassidy, Licensed Marriage Family Therapist and Certified Sex Addiction Therapist, is skilled in Psychodynamic, Attachment, Trauma and Addiction therapy to assist you in attaining the life you aspire—a life free from the shackles of trauma that keeps us from the joys of authentic expression.
(310) 439-5195 View (310) 439-5195
Photo of Anna Kim, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Anna Kim
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90042
Being alive is infinitely complicated. It's wonderful, embarrassing, scary, and exciting. Aliveness can mean so many different things to each person based on their past experiences of self, family, relationships, and systems. In my therapeutic practice, I hold space for this infinite variance, and the struggle to know and communicate it to others. I also maintain a fundamental belief in the possibility and power of connection. Connection allows people to inhabit themselves and their relationships in new ways. It allows for exploration of emotions and desires, and a growing capacity for self-awareness and self-integration.
Being alive is infinitely complicated. It's wonderful, embarrassing, scary, and exciting. Aliveness can mean so many different things to each person based on their past experiences of self, family, relationships, and systems. In my therapeutic practice, I hold space for this infinite variance, and the struggle to know and communicate it to others. I also maintain a fundamental belief in the possibility and power of connection. Connection allows people to inhabit themselves and their relationships in new ways. It allows for exploration of emotions and desires, and a growing capacity for self-awareness and self-integration.
(213) 463-5187 View (213) 463-5187
Photo of House of Healing Individ & Group Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
House of Healing Individ & Group Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90064  (Online Only)
House of Healing is a group of fully credentialed therapists that are passionate about cultivating connection and healing through group therapy. We believe that deep healing and transformation can take place when we feel supported, seen, and understood by others. We are here to provide therapy in a format that not only teaches you skills to cope with life’s challenges, but also helps you form connections with others that have shared in similar experiences.
House of Healing is a group of fully credentialed therapists that are passionate about cultivating connection and healing through group therapy. We believe that deep healing and transformation can take place when we feel supported, seen, and understood by others. We are here to provide therapy in a format that not only teaches you skills to cope with life’s challenges, but also helps you form connections with others that have shared in similar experiences.
(760) 548-3431 View (760) 548-3431
Photo of Laura Parra, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Laura Parra
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90025
Searching for support through recent life transitions (e.g., entering college, marriage, professional milestones)? Are you experiencing family changes? Do you have parenting concerns? Has your child been diagnosed with a disability? Do you want to make your relationships stronger? Struggling with identity? Have you been experiencing anxiety and/or depression due to these life events? I would like the opportunity to support you. Are you a clinician seeking out consultation or supervision? I have specialized training in clinical supervision.
Searching for support through recent life transitions (e.g., entering college, marriage, professional milestones)? Are you experiencing family changes? Do you have parenting concerns? Has your child been diagnosed with a disability? Do you want to make your relationships stronger? Struggling with identity? Have you been experiencing anxiety and/or depression due to these life events? I would like the opportunity to support you. Are you a clinician seeking out consultation or supervision? I have specialized training in clinical supervision.
(323) 591-3967 View (323) 591-3967
Photo of Elizabeth M Goetchius, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Elizabeth M Goetchius
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90036
Therapy is an opportunity to gain objectivity and insight to what is working and what isn't working. Using a strength based approach, I support individuals, couples and families who are challenged with; relationships, career, parenting, depression, anxiety or substance use. I understand how daunting it can be to enact change. It takes support, strategy and a safe space to flush out ideas and process feelings. I have over 30 years of experience and have cultivated a unique and effective intuitive style as a therapist that only comes with practical knowledge and years of application .
Therapy is an opportunity to gain objectivity and insight to what is working and what isn't working. Using a strength based approach, I support individuals, couples and families who are challenged with; relationships, career, parenting, depression, anxiety or substance use. I understand how daunting it can be to enact change. It takes support, strategy and a safe space to flush out ideas and process feelings. I have over 30 years of experience and have cultivated a unique and effective intuitive style as a therapist that only comes with practical knowledge and years of application .
(323) 894-0651 View (323) 894-0651
Photo of Mikaila Henderson in Los Angeles, CA
Mikaila Henderson
CHT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90041
I became a certified hypnotherapist after my bout with stage 3 non-hodgkins lymphoma. I was told I'd never be cancer free and am now coming up on 10 years of remission. I practiced hypnosis and other healing modalities to help me through my cancer journey. I believe in what I do and the power we all hold within ourselves to make the necessary changes in creating a healthier, happier, more fulfilling lifestyle. I enjoy working with clients, empowering them to create a new self-confidence and peace in their lives they might otherwise never see possible.
I became a certified hypnotherapist after my bout with stage 3 non-hodgkins lymphoma. I was told I'd never be cancer free and am now coming up on 10 years of remission. I practiced hypnosis and other healing modalities to help me through my cancer journey. I believe in what I do and the power we all hold within ourselves to make the necessary changes in creating a healthier, happier, more fulfilling lifestyle. I enjoy working with clients, empowering them to create a new self-confidence and peace in their lives they might otherwise never see possible.
(323) 736-5475 View (323) 736-5475
Photo of Kristen Love Quevedo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Kristen Love Quevedo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90049  (Online Only)
Creating our own path in life can bring upon a wide range of experiences and feelings. We can encounter smooth and stable processes as much as we can find ourselves experiencing challenges and disruption with difficulty understanding how to navigate forward. It is during these challenging times we often find changes in our mood (anxiety, depression), shifts in our relationships, or questions about our career and plans for the future. It is important to understand who we are, what we are feeling and thinking, and how to translate that into a meaningful path forward that resonates within.
Creating our own path in life can bring upon a wide range of experiences and feelings. We can encounter smooth and stable processes as much as we can find ourselves experiencing challenges and disruption with difficulty understanding how to navigate forward. It is during these challenging times we often find changes in our mood (anxiety, depression), shifts in our relationships, or questions about our career and plans for the future. It is important to understand who we are, what we are feeling and thinking, and how to translate that into a meaningful path forward that resonates within.
(310) 321-4268 View (310) 321-4268

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Los Angeles, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Los Angeles, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
74% Self Esteem
72% Relationship Issues
68% Trauma and PTSD
65% Coping Skills
63% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% Aetna
69% Cigna and Evernorth
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Los Angeles, CA see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Los Angeles?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.