Therapists in Bend, OR

Photo of Fresh Tracks Counseling LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bend, OR
Fresh Tracks Counseling LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97709  (Online Only)
I believe people strive to do their best based on their life experiences, resources they have, and positive relationships they foster. Sometimes people don’t meet their own or others’ expectations, thus leading to struggles and sub-optimal mental wellness and functioning. I believe that creating positive attachments through the therapeutic relationship, addressing past issues and traumas, and learning new skills can all lead someone on the path to wellness.
I believe people strive to do their best based on their life experiences, resources they have, and positive relationships they foster. Sometimes people don’t meet their own or others’ expectations, thus leading to struggles and sub-optimal mental wellness and functioning. I believe that creating positive attachments through the therapeutic relationship, addressing past issues and traumas, and learning new skills can all lead someone on the path to wellness.
(503) 966-5321 View (503) 966-5321
Photo of Catalyst Counseling & Consulting, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bend, OR
Catalyst Counseling & Consulting
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97703
Welcome, we are so glad you found us. We all encounter challenges on our life journeys. Some are more challenging than others. Sometimes we feel stuck… unsure of our pathway from where we are to where we wish to be. The Catalyst Team was assembled to help you through the most challenging parts of your journey, helping you shine a light on your situation, ignite your spark of inspiration, and supporting you as your spark grows into a stronger flame. In this compassionate, accepting, and supportive space, we respect your unique experience, understanding that no two paths are the same.
Welcome, we are so glad you found us. We all encounter challenges on our life journeys. Some are more challenging than others. Sometimes we feel stuck… unsure of our pathway from where we are to where we wish to be. The Catalyst Team was assembled to help you through the most challenging parts of your journey, helping you shine a light on your situation, ignite your spark of inspiration, and supporting you as your spark grows into a stronger flame. In this compassionate, accepting, and supportive space, we respect your unique experience, understanding that no two paths are the same.
(458) 236-5592 View (458) 236-5592
Photo of Amanda Stanitsas, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bend, OR
Amanda Stanitsas
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bend, OR 97702
Hello, thank you for visiting my page. I am currently accepting new clients! I work in a Person Centered orientation supporting my clients. I pride myself in compassionate understanding, walking side by side to find individualized interventions and goals to best support my clients needs and desired changes. If you feel drawn to working with someone who will listen deeply and support you in trusting your inner wisdom give me a call and we can decide together if this is the best fit for you.
Hello, thank you for visiting my page. I am currently accepting new clients! I work in a Person Centered orientation supporting my clients. I pride myself in compassionate understanding, walking side by side to find individualized interventions and goals to best support my clients needs and desired changes. If you feel drawn to working with someone who will listen deeply and support you in trusting your inner wisdom give me a call and we can decide together if this is the best fit for you.
(458) 214-8155 View (458) 214-8155
Photo of Brianne Kiso, Clinical Social Work Associate in Bend, OR
Brianne Kiso
Clinical Social Work Associate, MSW, CSWA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bend, OR 97702
Currently accepting new clients! If you've stumbled upon my page, welcome! Beginning the search for the best fit therapist for you can be intimidating, I'm so glad you're here. Let 's talk about how I will fit in your healing journey and how we can work in tandem towards your goals for tangible and lasting change. We will look at all domains of your life, from social constructs, family dynamics, attachment, life transitions, and shift from surviving towards thriving. I strive to provide a warm and inviting brave place for individuals to begin their healing journey.
Currently accepting new clients! If you've stumbled upon my page, welcome! Beginning the search for the best fit therapist for you can be intimidating, I'm so glad you're here. Let 's talk about how I will fit in your healing journey and how we can work in tandem towards your goals for tangible and lasting change. We will look at all domains of your life, from social constructs, family dynamics, attachment, life transitions, and shift from surviving towards thriving. I strive to provide a warm and inviting brave place for individuals to begin their healing journey.
(458) 214-0212 x104 View (458) 214-0212 x104
Photo of Adeline Holter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bend, OR
Adeline Holter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LAC, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bend, OR 97701
You deserve to be having the best days! You know that something has to shift, but not exactly sure what that is or how things will change. Your emotions might be inhibiting you from feeling empowered, confident and clear in your decision making. I would be honored to support you in gaining perspective through a style that is direct, down to earth and focuses on a collaborative approach. ​I believe that life is a series of transitions, some more challenging than others, and that there is no reason to proceed solo.
You deserve to be having the best days! You know that something has to shift, but not exactly sure what that is or how things will change. Your emotions might be inhibiting you from feeling empowered, confident and clear in your decision making. I would be honored to support you in gaining perspective through a style that is direct, down to earth and focuses on a collaborative approach. ​I believe that life is a series of transitions, some more challenging than others, and that there is no reason to proceed solo.
(541) 293-1783 View (541) 293-1783
Photo of Christine H Gieben, Psychologist in Bend, OR
Christine H Gieben
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bend, OR 97702
Hi! I am a psychologist who recently moved to Bend from Portland. I have been in practice for 15 years and really enjoy working with both individuals and couples who want something more from life. I am a transformational healer who believes in the power each of us holds to shape our own futures. Exploration and resolution of old patterns and blocks, as well as focused intention setting are primary areas of focus in my practice. I believe everyone has the power to heal from past hurts and traumas to lead richer, more fulfilling lives.
Hi! I am a psychologist who recently moved to Bend from Portland. I have been in practice for 15 years and really enjoy working with both individuals and couples who want something more from life. I am a transformational healer who believes in the power each of us holds to shape our own futures. Exploration and resolution of old patterns and blocks, as well as focused intention setting are primary areas of focus in my practice. I believe everyone has the power to heal from past hurts and traumas to lead richer, more fulfilling lives.
(458) 236-5340 View (458) 236-5340
Photo of Kristen Poppert, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bend, OR
Kristen Poppert
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97702  (Online Only)
Openings for teens, parents, and adults who can do online therapy. I am a child and family therapist with 13+ years of experience. I am well trained in treating depression, anxiety, trauma, bipolar disorder, ADHD and more. I work with clients to find their authentic voice using Internal Family Systems, mindfulness, attachment based interventions, CBT, and EMDR. I am in network with PacificSource and PacificSource Community Solutions. I strive to be inclusive and welcoming of LGBTQIA+ clients.
Openings for teens, parents, and adults who can do online therapy. I am a child and family therapist with 13+ years of experience. I am well trained in treating depression, anxiety, trauma, bipolar disorder, ADHD and more. I work with clients to find their authentic voice using Internal Family Systems, mindfulness, attachment based interventions, CBT, and EMDR. I am in network with PacificSource and PacificSource Community Solutions. I strive to be inclusive and welcoming of LGBTQIA+ clients.
(458) 236-5646 View (458) 236-5646
Photo of Lesley Srikantaiah, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bend, OR
Lesley Srikantaiah
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97701
Not currently accepting new clients. We all have sense for when we can benefit from more support in life. I offer compassionate and evidence-based therapy, collaborating with clients toward their goals. We will identify the goals you are working toward whether that is making transitions in life or cultivating more peace of mind.
Not currently accepting new clients. We all have sense for when we can benefit from more support in life. I offer compassionate and evidence-based therapy, collaborating with clients toward their goals. We will identify the goals you are working toward whether that is making transitions in life or cultivating more peace of mind.
(458) 203-5016 View (458) 203-5016
Photo of Michelle Boulanger, Professional Counselor Associate in Bend, OR
Michelle Boulanger
Professional Counselor Associate, LPCA, MCoun
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97703
The experiences in life can feel so unbearable, it is difficult to go through them alone. My goal is to join clients on their journey, growing towards connection with the core self, and reaching the outcomes that align with their unique needs for wholeness and wellness. I am passionate about supporting clients with addressing factors that are impacting their ability to thrive. I believe honoring ourselves, honors and rebuilds the relationships we would like to have in our lives. I look forward to meeting you and working together to address symptoms you may be experiencing from depression, anxiety, trauma and grieving a loss.
The experiences in life can feel so unbearable, it is difficult to go through them alone. My goal is to join clients on their journey, growing towards connection with the core self, and reaching the outcomes that align with their unique needs for wholeness and wellness. I am passionate about supporting clients with addressing factors that are impacting their ability to thrive. I believe honoring ourselves, honors and rebuilds the relationships we would like to have in our lives. I look forward to meeting you and working together to address symptoms you may be experiencing from depression, anxiety, trauma and grieving a loss.
(458) 236-5818 View (458) 236-5818
Photo of Laura M Robinson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bend, OR
Laura M Robinson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Bend, OR 97702
Waitlist for new clients
Therapy can be a powerful vessel for change. I work with adult individuals and couples who are struggling with issues related to relationships, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, life transitions, boundaries, and mood instability. I offer my clients compassion, feedback, tools, and a safe, non-judgmental place to share and work through their emotional pain.
Therapy can be a powerful vessel for change. I work with adult individuals and couples who are struggling with issues related to relationships, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, life transitions, boundaries, and mood instability. I offer my clients compassion, feedback, tools, and a safe, non-judgmental place to share and work through their emotional pain.
(541) 716-6466 View (541) 716-6466
Photo of Edward Ewe, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bend, OR
Edward Ewe
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Bend, OR 97703
I am primary focused and specialized in working with couples and relationship issues. Therapy is a space where clients can get support and guidance. I work with clients on a range of issues and emotions including couples counseling, dealing with grief and loss, stressors, and trauma.I believe therapy can offer a place of exploration and solitude. I am here to help clients identify, understand, and work through their life challenges in a supportive therapeutic space. Check out my website (www.counseloregon.com) for more information about our group practice.
I am primary focused and specialized in working with couples and relationship issues. Therapy is a space where clients can get support and guidance. I work with clients on a range of issues and emotions including couples counseling, dealing with grief and loss, stressors, and trauma.I believe therapy can offer a place of exploration and solitude. I am here to help clients identify, understand, and work through their life challenges in a supportive therapeutic space. Check out my website (www.counseloregon.com) for more information about our group practice.
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Photo of Barrett Flesh - Still Point Counseling , Licensed Professional Counselor in Bend, OR
Barrett Flesh - Still Point Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, ACS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bend, OR 97703
Waitlist for new clients
I am committed to helping people navigate and better understand themselves and their relationships through exploring the challenges we all experience as human beings. Therapy is a deeply personal experience. It takes courage and will be challenging at times. Yet these periods also offer an invitation for growth and change. It is appropriate for anyone who wants a deeper understanding of themselves and is willing to make a commitment to do the necessary work. I create a safe, encouraging and engaging environment.
I am committed to helping people navigate and better understand themselves and their relationships through exploring the challenges we all experience as human beings. Therapy is a deeply personal experience. It takes courage and will be challenging at times. Yet these periods also offer an invitation for growth and change. It is appropriate for anyone who wants a deeper understanding of themselves and is willing to make a commitment to do the necessary work. I create a safe, encouraging and engaging environment.
(458) 236-5576 View (458) 236-5576
Photo of Emi Burish, Psychologist in Bend, OR
Emi Burish
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bend, OR 97701  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! And welcome. I am glad you are choosing to prioritize your wellbeing. I provide affirming and culturally-responsive space for those experiencing identity-based oppression and marginalization using an integrated, and empirically supported, approach of mindfulness, systems, and interpersonal process therapy rooted in intersectional feminism and multicultural backgrounds. This highly collaborative approach centers on empowerment of unique needs, strengths, and specific healing goals. I hope to help clients reduce distress, focus on personal growth, improve relationships, and build self-curiosity and compassion.
Hello! And welcome. I am glad you are choosing to prioritize your wellbeing. I provide affirming and culturally-responsive space for those experiencing identity-based oppression and marginalization using an integrated, and empirically supported, approach of mindfulness, systems, and interpersonal process therapy rooted in intersectional feminism and multicultural backgrounds. This highly collaborative approach centers on empowerment of unique needs, strengths, and specific healing goals. I hope to help clients reduce distress, focus on personal growth, improve relationships, and build self-curiosity and compassion.
(458) 216-2143 x1 View (458) 216-2143 x1
Photo of Megan R West, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bend, OR
Megan R West
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CADCIII
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bend, OR 97703
Waitlist for new clients
Through identifying strengths, challenging maladaptive patterns, & learning effective coping strategies, we can start to heal emotionally, gain greater insight, increase overall functioning, & start to truly feel better. In relationships - perceptions, expectations, judgments, & hurt can cause disappointment & resentment, erode trust, impede healthy communication, & ultimately destroy relationships. Through respectful, collaborative, solution-focused conversations, we can improve communication & resolve conflict while making relationships even stronger.
Through identifying strengths, challenging maladaptive patterns, & learning effective coping strategies, we can start to heal emotionally, gain greater insight, increase overall functioning, & start to truly feel better. In relationships - perceptions, expectations, judgments, & hurt can cause disappointment & resentment, erode trust, impede healthy communication, & ultimately destroy relationships. Through respectful, collaborative, solution-focused conversations, we can improve communication & resolve conflict while making relationships even stronger.
(541) 640-5505 View (541) 640-5505
Photo of Naomi Trautmann, Professional Counselor Associate in Bend, OR
Naomi Trautmann
Professional Counselor Associate, LPCA, MCoun, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Bend, OR 97701
Life is full of ups, downs, and all the plateaus in between. I believe my role as a counselor is to walk alongside you during the moments of pain and self-doubt, as well as the moments of celebration and joy. You are the expert of your own life experience, but we can all use a little extra support from time to time...and that is where I come in. As a multiculturally competent counselor, I value building relationships with clients from all walks of life. My hope is to create a space of safety and warmth where you can express yourself and be who you truly are.
Life is full of ups, downs, and all the plateaus in between. I believe my role as a counselor is to walk alongside you during the moments of pain and self-doubt, as well as the moments of celebration and joy. You are the expert of your own life experience, but we can all use a little extra support from time to time...and that is where I come in. As a multiculturally competent counselor, I value building relationships with clients from all walks of life. My hope is to create a space of safety and warmth where you can express yourself and be who you truly are.
(458) 236-5994 View (458) 236-5994
Photo of Randy Scott Krieger, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bend, OR
Randy Scott Krieger
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MDiv, CADC
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97702
If you need to re-connect, re-ignite, or even resurrect your marriage, then come see me. Perhaps as an individual, you feel stuck in a certain emotional state such as frustration, anxiety or depression, and you're tired of it. Maybe your not making adjustments to life after a recent loss. Such challenges can lead to isolation, helplessness, and feeling disconnected from those you used to be close to. As humans we co-regulate, meaning we need another person (therapist) to help us sort out our chaos. In the process of "sorting out" and gaining new skill sets ( one's not learned in childhood) a new hope and joy can emerge.
If you need to re-connect, re-ignite, or even resurrect your marriage, then come see me. Perhaps as an individual, you feel stuck in a certain emotional state such as frustration, anxiety or depression, and you're tired of it. Maybe your not making adjustments to life after a recent loss. Such challenges can lead to isolation, helplessness, and feeling disconnected from those you used to be close to. As humans we co-regulate, meaning we need another person (therapist) to help us sort out our chaos. In the process of "sorting out" and gaining new skill sets ( one's not learned in childhood) a new hope and joy can emerge.
(503) 946-6730 View (503) 946-6730
Photo of Beth Getsinger, Professional Counselor Associate in Bend, OR
Beth Getsinger
Professional Counselor Associate, MCoun, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bend, OR 97702  (Online Only)
We all need extra support sometimes. No matter what you're dealing with, my goal is to listen to what you need and help you get there. I do this by identifying patterns and offering new perspectives, so that you can better understand and love yourself. I bring my authenticity and humor into therapy to create a safe and nonjudgmental space.
We all need extra support sometimes. No matter what you're dealing with, my goal is to listen to what you need and help you get there. I do this by identifying patterns and offering new perspectives, so that you can better understand and love yourself. I bring my authenticity and humor into therapy to create a safe and nonjudgmental space.
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Photo of Naomi Passarelli, Pre-Licensed Professional in Bend, OR
Naomi Passarelli
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bend, OR 97701
Now accepting new clients! I specialize in adults experiencing stress, anxiety, and challenging life changes (such as a job/career change, college stress, new parenting, recently divorced, and breakups). I am experienced in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and trauma including chronic trauma. I also love to help people struggling to deal with strong emotions such as anger or fear.
Now accepting new clients! I specialize in adults experiencing stress, anxiety, and challenging life changes (such as a job/career change, college stress, new parenting, recently divorced, and breakups). I am experienced in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and trauma including chronic trauma. I also love to help people struggling to deal with strong emotions such as anger or fear.
(458) 224-1532 View (458) 224-1532
Photo of Amanda Copeland, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bend, OR
Amanda Copeland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97701
Are you struggling with grief or loss? Are you caught in the grip of past trauma? Grief and trauma create a heavy burden on our hearts and minds. A painful loss or traumatic experience can rob you of a fulfilling life. If you’re grieving the loss of a loved one, a lost way of life, or the loss of self, loneliness, insecurity and uncertainty. I can help you with your grief process so you can embrace the beauty of your future. If you’ve suffered a traumatic past, you may struggle with depression, anxiety or feelings of inadequacy. I can help you reclaim your self-confidence and start truly living.
Are you struggling with grief or loss? Are you caught in the grip of past trauma? Grief and trauma create a heavy burden on our hearts and minds. A painful loss or traumatic experience can rob you of a fulfilling life. If you’re grieving the loss of a loved one, a lost way of life, or the loss of self, loneliness, insecurity and uncertainty. I can help you with your grief process so you can embrace the beauty of your future. If you’ve suffered a traumatic past, you may struggle with depression, anxiety or feelings of inadequacy. I can help you reclaim your self-confidence and start truly living.
(458) 203-7025 View (458) 203-7025
Photo of Lareasa Mettler, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bend, OR
Lareasa Mettler
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bend, OR 97701
**CURRENTLY FULL.** I believe that no matter where you have come from or what you have been through, that you have been created with so much value and potential. It is my goal to work alongside an individual to recognize, encourage and remind them of their strengths and capabilities. I believe that trust, respect and authenticity are vital in the counseling relationship and that humor should be incorporated into life whenever possible. I work to holistically treat individuals/couples and I offer services for adult patients with a variety of backgrounds and diagnoses.
**CURRENTLY FULL.** I believe that no matter where you have come from or what you have been through, that you have been created with so much value and potential. It is my goal to work alongside an individual to recognize, encourage and remind them of their strengths and capabilities. I believe that trust, respect and authenticity are vital in the counseling relationship and that humor should be incorporated into life whenever possible. I work to holistically treat individuals/couples and I offer services for adult patients with a variety of backgrounds and diagnoses.
(458) 217-6126 View (458) 217-6126

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bend, OR

500+

Average cost per session

$165

Therapists in Bend, OR who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
76% Trauma and PTSD
76% Stress
71% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% PacificSource
55% Oregon Health Plan (OHP)
38% Aetna

How Therapists in Bend, OR see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bend?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.