Therapists in Saint Petersburg, FL

Photo of Brian F Lann, Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Saint Petersburg, FL
Brian F Lann
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LPC, LPC/S, LAC
Verified Verified
Saint Petersburg, FL 33702  (Online Only)
An ideal client in my perspective is someone presenting to therapy who endorses a reasonable level of self-awareness and openness to explore ineffective patterns with the goal of improving their quality of life.
An ideal client in my perspective is someone presenting to therapy who endorses a reasonable level of self-awareness and openness to explore ineffective patterns with the goal of improving their quality of life.
(803) 258-5878 View (803) 258-5878
Photo of Lauren Hurd, Counselor in Saint Petersburg, FL
Lauren Hurd
Counselor, MA, LMHC, CLC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Petersburg, FL 33701
Being a millennial adult, you thought you’d have it all figured out by now, right? But instead, it seems like you always think or feel the “wrong” thing and no one seems to understand what you’re going through. It seems so easy for everyone else, but you find yourself constantly self-questioning and you don’t know what to do or where to turn. Sometimes you even feel “crazy” when you try to tell others how you’re feeling and are often criticized for the way you react. No matter how hard you try to do things differently, somehow it never seems good enough and you’re left feeling bad about yourself and misunderstood.
Being a millennial adult, you thought you’d have it all figured out by now, right? But instead, it seems like you always think or feel the “wrong” thing and no one seems to understand what you’re going through. It seems so easy for everyone else, but you find yourself constantly self-questioning and you don’t know what to do or where to turn. Sometimes you even feel “crazy” when you try to tell others how you’re feeling and are often criticized for the way you react. No matter how hard you try to do things differently, somehow it never seems good enough and you’re left feeling bad about yourself and misunderstood.
(727) 485-0783 View (727) 485-0783
Photo of Sunshine Children's Counseling Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Petersburg, FL
Sunshine Children's Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Petersburg, FL 33707
Is your child struggling with anxious or depressive thoughts at home, school or with peers? Or do they have the motivation to do well but still face behavior challenges and you both need support? Does your teen need a supportive space to process their thoughts and emotions? As a dedicated child and family therapist, my goal is to guide children and their families through their journey using CBT to support the social-emotional development of my clients and their knowledge about their cognitive and emotional coping processes.
Is your child struggling with anxious or depressive thoughts at home, school or with peers? Or do they have the motivation to do well but still face behavior challenges and you both need support? Does your teen need a supportive space to process their thoughts and emotions? As a dedicated child and family therapist, my goal is to guide children and their families through their journey using CBT to support the social-emotional development of my clients and their knowledge about their cognitive and emotional coping processes.
(727) 594-4716 View (727) 594-4716
Photo of Dan Dean, Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Saint Petersburg, FL
Dan Dean
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Saint Petersburg, FL 33705  (Online Only)
One of the most powerful effects I have found in therapy is providing a safe space where you are heard, understood, and accepted. We all have stress and struggles at times and there is great healing in exploring and touching your feelings. In therapy, I help make sense of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. I can work with you in discovering unmet needs, feelings of helplessness and hopelessness, and feeling lost. When you understand all this, it helps you to control your feelings rather than the feelings control you.
One of the most powerful effects I have found in therapy is providing a safe space where you are heard, understood, and accepted. We all have stress and struggles at times and there is great healing in exploring and touching your feelings. In therapy, I help make sense of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. I can work with you in discovering unmet needs, feelings of helplessness and hopelessness, and feeling lost. When you understand all this, it helps you to control your feelings rather than the feelings control you.
(727) 610-7184 View (727) 610-7184
Photo of Sherol Ziegenbein, Counselor in Saint Petersburg, FL
Sherol Ziegenbein
Counselor, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
Saint Petersburg, FL 33712  (Online Only)
Imagine our therapeutic journey like a car ride. You're in the driver's seat, taking control, choosing the direction, speed, and path you want to take. Whether you're exploring new terrains, making decisions at crossroads, or deciding to cruise slowly to take in the scenery or accelerate to reach a destination quicker — the choice is yours. I sit beside you in the passenger seat. My role isn't to take over but to be your trusted co-pilot. I'm here to provide guidance, offer insights, suggest alternative routes, and sometimes just be a listening ear as you navigate your journey.
Imagine our therapeutic journey like a car ride. You're in the driver's seat, taking control, choosing the direction, speed, and path you want to take. Whether you're exploring new terrains, making decisions at crossroads, or deciding to cruise slowly to take in the scenery or accelerate to reach a destination quicker — the choice is yours. I sit beside you in the passenger seat. My role isn't to take over but to be your trusted co-pilot. I'm here to provide guidance, offer insights, suggest alternative routes, and sometimes just be a listening ear as you navigate your journey.
(727) 855-8868 View (727) 855-8868
Photo of Aquinetta L Nelson, Counselor in Saint Petersburg, FL
Aquinetta L Nelson
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Saint Petersburg, FL 33705
I am licensed in Florida with 3 years of professional work experience. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. Taking the first step to seeking a more fulfilling and happier life takes courage. I am here to support you in that process.
I am licensed in Florida with 3 years of professional work experience. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. Taking the first step to seeking a more fulfilling and happier life takes courage. I am here to support you in that process.
(727) 496-5079 View (727) 496-5079
Photo of Hannah Brents, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Petersburg, FL
Hannah Brents
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MTS
Verified Verified
Saint Petersburg, FL 33702  (Online Only)
Is purity culture or religious messaging preventing you from dating, sex, and healthy relationships? Have you rejected old religious beliefs but feel "stuck" making your new beliefs a reality? I help millennials like you by using a holistic approach to therapy. I combine CBT, IFS therapy, mindfulness, and somatic practices like nervous system regulation to heal at the root of your issues; cultivate self compassion; create new, healthy relationships; and step into your sexual liberation era. I also offer CPT Intensives for those who want to heal NOW and don't want to spend months or even years in the traditional therapy model.
Is purity culture or religious messaging preventing you from dating, sex, and healthy relationships? Have you rejected old religious beliefs but feel "stuck" making your new beliefs a reality? I help millennials like you by using a holistic approach to therapy. I combine CBT, IFS therapy, mindfulness, and somatic practices like nervous system regulation to heal at the root of your issues; cultivate self compassion; create new, healthy relationships; and step into your sexual liberation era. I also offer CPT Intensives for those who want to heal NOW and don't want to spend months or even years in the traditional therapy model.
(727) 382-3843 View (727) 382-3843
Photo of Michael Ford, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Petersburg, FL
Michael Ford
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Petersburg, FL 33742
Not accepting new clients
Many people experiencing significant emotional problems are uncertain whether counseling sessions might help in their particular case. They wonder about the ultimate goals of therapy. This uncertainty usually disappears once people actually start working with an understanding therapist. Among other benefits, counseling can help you identify unhealthy thought and behavior patterns that trigger psychological distress in your daily life. You can become better at noticing and correcting thought distortions that often lead to personal and workplace problems. Whatever your particular circumstances and challenges, professional counselling can help you discover the way towards a less stressful and more fulling life.
Many people experiencing significant emotional problems are uncertain whether counseling sessions might help in their particular case. They wonder about the ultimate goals of therapy. This uncertainty usually disappears once people actually start working with an understanding therapist. Among other benefits, counseling can help you identify unhealthy thought and behavior patterns that trigger psychological distress in your daily life. You can become better at noticing and correcting thought distortions that often lead to personal and workplace problems. Whatever your particular circumstances and challenges, professional counselling can help you discover the way towards a less stressful and more fulling life.
(727) 777-6308 View (727) 777-6308
Photo of Joy Laurila, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Petersburg, FL
Joy Laurila
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Petersburg, FL 33710
Life is full of twists & turns. Seeking support and sharing your story is brave. We are all doing the best we can with the tools we have. Sometimes we just need more tools! We will work together to understand the source of specific emotional and behavioral patterns, identify and question negative thoughts and to learn new skills. Clients have described me as having a gift of meeting you where you are at while also challenging you to meet your goals. With the right tools and a different approach I guarantee a more balanced and peaceful outlook on any situation!
Life is full of twists & turns. Seeking support and sharing your story is brave. We are all doing the best we can with the tools we have. Sometimes we just need more tools! We will work together to understand the source of specific emotional and behavioral patterns, identify and question negative thoughts and to learn new skills. Clients have described me as having a gift of meeting you where you are at while also challenging you to meet your goals. With the right tools and a different approach I guarantee a more balanced and peaceful outlook on any situation!
(727) 291-9702 View (727) 291-9702
Photo of Art of Mind Counseling LLC, Mental Health Counselor in Saint Petersburg, FL
Art of Mind Counseling LLC
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC, MCAP
Verified Verified
Saint Petersburg, FL 33705  (Online Only)
I am a mental health counselor licensed in Florida with over 10 years of experience working as an assessor and a mental health specialist. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, career challenges, Mood Disorders and ADHD. I also helped many people who have experienced physical trauma or emotional abuse.
I am a mental health counselor licensed in Florida with over 10 years of experience working as an assessor and a mental health specialist. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, career challenges, Mood Disorders and ADHD. I also helped many people who have experienced physical trauma or emotional abuse.
(727) 261-1690 View (727) 261-1690
Photo of Lora L Erickson, Counselor in Saint Petersburg, FL
Lora L Erickson
Counselor, PhD, LMHC, LPC, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Petersburg, FL 33702  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I love learning the stories of others and leaning into curiosity about what could be possible for them in a psychologically safe context. My ideal client is someone who values the complexity of the human experience, desires treatment that is compassionate as well as evidence-based, and is open-minded. I specialize in trauma and anxiety-related disorders, so the majority of my clients are individuals struggling in those areas.
I love learning the stories of others and leaning into curiosity about what could be possible for them in a psychologically safe context. My ideal client is someone who values the complexity of the human experience, desires treatment that is compassionate as well as evidence-based, and is open-minded. I specialize in trauma and anxiety-related disorders, so the majority of my clients are individuals struggling in those areas.
(727) 655-9209 View (727) 655-9209
Photo of Tristan Coopersmith, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Petersburg, FL
Tristan Coopersmith
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Saint Petersburg, FL 33707  (Online Only)
Seeking more peace, ease and purpose? Craving deeper, more meaningful relationships? Craving more joy? Dreaming of a calm family life? Let's do this! Through my holistic method including emotional, physical, social & spiritual well-being, we work together to create true transformation by shedding what isn't working for you and building up what does, to help you achieve a manageable, balanced, fulfilling life that inspires and nourishes you for the long term. Using a variety of customized approaches, I work to get to the ROOTS of distress and create personal freedom!
Seeking more peace, ease and purpose? Craving deeper, more meaningful relationships? Craving more joy? Dreaming of a calm family life? Let's do this! Through my holistic method including emotional, physical, social & spiritual well-being, we work together to create true transformation by shedding what isn't working for you and building up what does, to help you achieve a manageable, balanced, fulfilling life that inspires and nourishes you for the long term. Using a variety of customized approaches, I work to get to the ROOTS of distress and create personal freedom!
(727) 274-1762 View (727) 274-1762
Photo of Lori Andrews, Mental Health Counselor in Saint Petersburg, FL
Lori Andrews
Mental Health Counselor, MS, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Petersburg, FL 33707  (Online Only)
I strive to empower individuals to navigate life’s challenges, find meaning, and realize their full potential by creating a safe, equitable, and inclusive space for clients. We are all unique with our own story and together, we will create your personal therapeutic process. I take an existential-humanistic, person-centered approach to help my clients explore patterns and beliefs that may create angst or cause unhappiness. I believe my strengths include an empathic and non-judgmental manner to support individuals to overcome obstacles and create a life fulfilled.
I strive to empower individuals to navigate life’s challenges, find meaning, and realize their full potential by creating a safe, equitable, and inclusive space for clients. We are all unique with our own story and together, we will create your personal therapeutic process. I take an existential-humanistic, person-centered approach to help my clients explore patterns and beliefs that may create angst or cause unhappiness. I believe my strengths include an empathic and non-judgmental manner to support individuals to overcome obstacles and create a life fulfilled.
(727) 607-4597 View (727) 607-4597
Photo of Gabrielle Swanson, LCSW , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Petersburg, FL
Gabrielle Swanson, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Saint Petersburg, FL 33702  (Online Only)
Are you a people pleaser? Want to stop second-guessing your decisions all the time? If your answer is “HELL YA”, then look no further. I am uniquely skilled in helping clients to become confident and assertive versions of themselves. My therapeutic style is laid back, collaborative, warm and down to earth. I use humor to build connection and ease anxiety so that therapy does't feel so intimidating and heavy. There is no denying that sharing our emotions can be downright terrifying. I truly believe the more comfortable we can be in therapy, the easier it is to benefit and grow from the process.
Are you a people pleaser? Want to stop second-guessing your decisions all the time? If your answer is “HELL YA”, then look no further. I am uniquely skilled in helping clients to become confident and assertive versions of themselves. My therapeutic style is laid back, collaborative, warm and down to earth. I use humor to build connection and ease anxiety so that therapy does't feel so intimidating and heavy. There is no denying that sharing our emotions can be downright terrifying. I truly believe the more comfortable we can be in therapy, the easier it is to benefit and grow from the process.
(727) 335-2313 View (727) 335-2313
Photo of Holistic Coaching Treatment Center, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Petersburg, FL
Holistic Coaching Treatment Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Petersburg, FL 33713
It would be unfair to say we have all successfully moved on from COVID. Unfortunately, our society continues to address economic and social stressors that stem from COVID. Even non-traditional therapy clients are encountering high levels of suffering from burn-out, stress, anxiety, low daily satisfaction, couples conflict, and the like. We want to assist you with finding the root cause of your emotional disturbance and then developing a plan to help you find long lasting freedom from the frustration.
It would be unfair to say we have all successfully moved on from COVID. Unfortunately, our society continues to address economic and social stressors that stem from COVID. Even non-traditional therapy clients are encountering high levels of suffering from burn-out, stress, anxiety, low daily satisfaction, couples conflict, and the like. We want to assist you with finding the root cause of your emotional disturbance and then developing a plan to help you find long lasting freedom from the frustration.
(727) 722-8779 View (727) 722-8779
Photo of Hall Birdsong, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Petersburg, FL
Hall Birdsong
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Petersburg, FL 33711
Hall is a humanistic and trauma counselor. That means he believes that people are inherently good and able to reach their full potential by identifying their unique strengths. Some people seek psychotherapy when they’ve been challenged by hard times or difficult symptoms. Other people seek help when things are going well but they want to grow and develop to the fullest. That’s why there are a number of therapeutic approaches and not just one way of doing therapy. Hall tailors his approach to fit the individual and help them reach their goals.
Hall is a humanistic and trauma counselor. That means he believes that people are inherently good and able to reach their full potential by identifying their unique strengths. Some people seek psychotherapy when they’ve been challenged by hard times or difficult symptoms. Other people seek help when things are going well but they want to grow and develop to the fullest. That’s why there are a number of therapeutic approaches and not just one way of doing therapy. Hall tailors his approach to fit the individual and help them reach their goals.
(727) 513-0693 View (727) 513-0693
Photo of Samantha F. Pluto, Registered Clinical Social Worker Intern in Saint Petersburg, FL
Samantha F. Pluto
Registered Clinical Social Worker Intern, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Petersburg, FL 33713
Are you struggling in your marriage? Are you questioning how and what the next steps are in your relationship? Do you have past traumas that you are ready to process, but subconscious patterns still control your life? The clients I work with are committed to improving their relationships, working through negative marital patterns, and processing personal trauma. In other words, they are ready to experience joy, love, and personal growth.
Are you struggling in your marriage? Are you questioning how and what the next steps are in your relationship? Do you have past traumas that you are ready to process, but subconscious patterns still control your life? The clients I work with are committed to improving their relationships, working through negative marital patterns, and processing personal trauma. In other words, they are ready to experience joy, love, and personal growth.
(727) 353-6077 View (727) 353-6077
Photo of Erick Känd, Hypnotist in Saint Petersburg, FL
Erick Känd, Hypnotist
CH
Verified Verified
Saint Petersburg, FL 33713
I'm here to help you release the past, get unstuck, and transform your life. We’ll work together to create behavioral changes, release negative emotions, break free of unwanted habits, and get you focused on successful outcomes. My desire is to give you the most effective process with the most efficient use of your time. Sessions integrate modern techniques that enable clients to reprogram themselves at the emotional level of the subconscious mind. All of this can be done "content free," meaning we don't have to talk ABOUT the problem in order to RESOLVE the problem.
I'm here to help you release the past, get unstuck, and transform your life. We’ll work together to create behavioral changes, release negative emotions, break free of unwanted habits, and get you focused on successful outcomes. My desire is to give you the most effective process with the most efficient use of your time. Sessions integrate modern techniques that enable clients to reprogram themselves at the emotional level of the subconscious mind. All of this can be done "content free," meaning we don't have to talk ABOUT the problem in order to RESOLVE the problem.
(727) 472-4101 View (727) 472-4101
Photo of Deirdre Barr, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Petersburg, FL
Deirdre Barr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Petersburg, FL 33701
Life is made of moments, moments become memories, and we assign a meaning to these memories… The mind is a powerful thing! But what if some of these moments were bad? What if our memories leave us feeling broken, detached, anxious, depressed, or worthless? What if we take negative messages from these memories, making it hard to even function? If you’ve experienced childhood trauma, suffered from abuse, or been exposed to violence, chances are you have some of these memories. Even break-ups, bad bosses, or school- related struggles can make quite an impact on us, too. My primary goal is to provide a safe place for you to heal.
Life is made of moments, moments become memories, and we assign a meaning to these memories… The mind is a powerful thing! But what if some of these moments were bad? What if our memories leave us feeling broken, detached, anxious, depressed, or worthless? What if we take negative messages from these memories, making it hard to even function? If you’ve experienced childhood trauma, suffered from abuse, or been exposed to violence, chances are you have some of these memories. Even break-ups, bad bosses, or school- related struggles can make quite an impact on us, too. My primary goal is to provide a safe place for you to heal.
(727) 605-4732 View (727) 605-4732
Photo of Shari Dale Hooker, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Petersburg, FL
Shari Dale Hooker
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD, Coach, RMHCI
Verified Verified
Saint Petersburg, FL 33711
As a Mental Health Therapist, Counselor, and Certified Life Coach my ideal client is one that desires hope and change. "Let's Talk" will assist each person to realize personal best through praise and learning new skills. My goal is to assist in discovering an individual's strengths. We will work together to identify and remove barriers that prevent growth. I'm a non-judgment professional that incorporates humor and laughter in the healing process.
As a Mental Health Therapist, Counselor, and Certified Life Coach my ideal client is one that desires hope and change. "Let's Talk" will assist each person to realize personal best through praise and learning new skills. My goal is to assist in discovering an individual's strengths. We will work together to identify and remove barriers that prevent growth. I'm a non-judgment professional that incorporates humor and laughter in the healing process.
(727) 619-2248 View (727) 619-2248

See more therapy options for Saint Petersburg

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Petersburg, FL

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Saint Petersburg, FL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
78% Self Esteem
76% Relationship Issues
74% Coping Skills
74% Stress
72% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Aetna
74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
66% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Saint Petersburg, FL see their clients

51% In Person and Online
49% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Petersburg?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.