Therapists in Grand Rapids, MI

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Photo of Jamie Wilson, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Grand Rapids, MI
Jamie Wilson
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, LLP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49525
Not feel like yourself? Tired of overthinking? Feel like stress is taking a toll on your life? Anxiety and depression affect most people at some point during their lifetime, the pandemic has likely increased the statistic exponentially. Counseling is a great place to have an unbiased support person who only wants you to succeed, whether that's by learning new coping skills, talking through a difficult decision, learning about the brain or new psychology research to help you function better.
Not feel like yourself? Tired of overthinking? Feel like stress is taking a toll on your life? Anxiety and depression affect most people at some point during their lifetime, the pandemic has likely increased the statistic exponentially. Counseling is a great place to have an unbiased support person who only wants you to succeed, whether that's by learning new coping skills, talking through a difficult decision, learning about the brain or new psychology research to help you function better.
(616) 200-6043 View (616) 200-6043
Photo of Lindsey Farlow, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Lindsey Farlow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49506  (Online Only)
Lindsey is a licensed social worker who has experience with various populations and challenges. She specializes in relationship building in regards to family, couple/martial, and sibling bonds. Lindsey utilizes individual and group training interventions in order for families to implement positive behavioral techniques for challenging behaviors and obtain psycho-education of various diagnoses and interventions. She is trained in evidence-based treatments including CBT, DBT, Positive Family Interventions, Zones of Regulation, Motivational Interviewing, TF-CBT, Empowerment Theory, Crisis and Suicide Preventions.
Lindsey is a licensed social worker who has experience with various populations and challenges. She specializes in relationship building in regards to family, couple/martial, and sibling bonds. Lindsey utilizes individual and group training interventions in order for families to implement positive behavioral techniques for challenging behaviors and obtain psycho-education of various diagnoses and interventions. She is trained in evidence-based treatments including CBT, DBT, Positive Family Interventions, Zones of Regulation, Motivational Interviewing, TF-CBT, Empowerment Theory, Crisis and Suicide Preventions.
(616) 585-0292 View (616) 585-0292
Photo of Sierra Ellison, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Sierra Ellison
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49505  (Online Only)
I talk about real solutions to daily problems and functioning including skills to prepare us for when things inevitably shift day to day. I support clients in identifying their goals, building upon strengths and skills they already possess, and learning skills to adapt to life's challenges. Through processing and coping we will work together to tackle your concerns (such as anxiety, depression, domestic abuse or violence, grief, self esteem, self-harming, suicidal ideation, stress, trauma, and whatever else is on your mind) and try to create long lasting positive change. I'm eager to help you achieve your personal goals!
I talk about real solutions to daily problems and functioning including skills to prepare us for when things inevitably shift day to day. I support clients in identifying their goals, building upon strengths and skills they already possess, and learning skills to adapt to life's challenges. Through processing and coping we will work together to tackle your concerns (such as anxiety, depression, domestic abuse or violence, grief, self esteem, self-harming, suicidal ideation, stress, trauma, and whatever else is on your mind) and try to create long lasting positive change. I'm eager to help you achieve your personal goals!
(616) 441-3785 View (616) 441-3785
Photo of Andrea Lynn Sulak, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Grand Rapids, MI
Andrea Lynn Sulak
Limited Licensed Psychologist, LLP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
Life can be difficult to navigate. Often we are indoctrinated by others beliefs and don't truly know who we are let alone how to live our lives. When energy gets stuck in the body and mind, whether it's from trauma, painful experiences or everyday stimuli in our lives, it causes patterns of unhealthy thoughts and behaviors.
Life can be difficult to navigate. Often we are indoctrinated by others beliefs and don't truly know who we are let alone how to live our lives. When energy gets stuck in the body and mind, whether it's from trauma, painful experiences or everyday stimuli in our lives, it causes patterns of unhealthy thoughts and behaviors.
(616) 201-3633 View (616) 201-3633
Photo of Melissa Lynne Andrews, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Melissa Lynne Andrews
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49503  (Online Only)
Melissa has experience working with adults, college age students, and adolescents. Clinical issues that she has the most experience with includes personality disorders, depression, trauma, grief, anxiety, relationship issues, self esteem issues, obsessive and compulsive behaviors, and stress management. A main focus of treatment is to establish a therapeutic alliance with the client. Melissa believes that having a good connection helps facilitate effective counseling and provides the best outcomes. In therapy, she is supportive, compassionate, and present with individuals both in times of struggle as well as times of achievement.
Melissa has experience working with adults, college age students, and adolescents. Clinical issues that she has the most experience with includes personality disorders, depression, trauma, grief, anxiety, relationship issues, self esteem issues, obsessive and compulsive behaviors, and stress management. A main focus of treatment is to establish a therapeutic alliance with the client. Melissa believes that having a good connection helps facilitate effective counseling and provides the best outcomes. In therapy, she is supportive, compassionate, and present with individuals both in times of struggle as well as times of achievement.
(616) 236-4505 View (616) 236-4505
Photo of Chris Costello, Pre-Licensed Professional in Grand Rapids, MI
Chris Costello
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49508
My ideal client is any individual recognizing, through themselves or someone close to them, that some aspects of their life can be improved. You may be ready for change, change got thrown on you, or you want to get back some of those old pieces of your lifestyle that made you who you are. I want to focus on your strengths and show you how capable you are of tackling all of life's difficulties. Each person is unique and together we can focus on how to make sure you are continuously growing into the person you want to be.
My ideal client is any individual recognizing, through themselves or someone close to them, that some aspects of their life can be improved. You may be ready for change, change got thrown on you, or you want to get back some of those old pieces of your lifestyle that made you who you are. I want to focus on your strengths and show you how capable you are of tackling all of life's difficulties. Each person is unique and together we can focus on how to make sure you are continuously growing into the person you want to be.
(616) 888-1120 View (616) 888-1120
William C Padding
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49544
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes in the treatment of children, adolescents and adults experiencing difficulties due to the trauma of sexual victimization and domestic violence. I have worked extensively within the Kent County Family Court system and various area agencies in addressing safety and advocacy issues for children and families. Additional areas of clinical expertise include anxiety and panic disorder, marriage counseling and working with divorced parents in establishing an effective co-parenting plan for the children. I have co-facilitated a grief recovery support group for the past 6 years.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes in the treatment of children, adolescents and adults experiencing difficulties due to the trauma of sexual victimization and domestic violence. I have worked extensively within the Kent County Family Court system and various area agencies in addressing safety and advocacy issues for children and families. Additional areas of clinical expertise include anxiety and panic disorder, marriage counseling and working with divorced parents in establishing an effective co-parenting plan for the children. I have co-facilitated a grief recovery support group for the past 6 years.
(616) 818-0753 x14 View (616) 818-0753 x14
Photo of Heather Hemphill, Licensed Professional Counselor in Grand Rapids, MI
Heather Hemphill
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LLMFT, CAADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
I believe in the innate capabilities, strength, and wellness of my clients and that the counseling relationship provides the basis from which change can occur. My approach is to walk beside you and validate your personal experiences and invite you to make changes based on your priorities and values. We will work together to decide on your goals and the means for accomplishing them. It can be scary to take the first steps and believe you can achieve your goals. By working together, we can find the path that works for you to heal and grow in all areas of your life.
I believe in the innate capabilities, strength, and wellness of my clients and that the counseling relationship provides the basis from which change can occur. My approach is to walk beside you and validate your personal experiences and invite you to make changes based on your priorities and values. We will work together to decide on your goals and the means for accomplishing them. It can be scary to take the first steps and believe you can achieve your goals. By working together, we can find the path that works for you to heal and grow in all areas of your life.
(616) 300-2310 View (616) 300-2310
Photo of Samantha Doorn, LPC Intern in Grand Rapids, MI
Samantha Doorn
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49506
Have you ever felt like you’re craving something more in your life but aren’t sure where to start? Felt like you’re overwhelmed in your season of life or felt stuck in the same day-to-day cycle? I believe that we as humans possess a wide variety of strengths and are capable of far more than we give ourselves credit for. As a counselor, I believe that you are the expert on your own life. You are the one living it after all! My role is to work together with you on areas of your life that you’re craving change or that you’re experiencing a problem with.
Have you ever felt like you’re craving something more in your life but aren’t sure where to start? Felt like you’re overwhelmed in your season of life or felt stuck in the same day-to-day cycle? I believe that we as humans possess a wide variety of strengths and are capable of far more than we give ourselves credit for. As a counselor, I believe that you are the expert on your own life. You are the one living it after all! My role is to work together with you on areas of your life that you’re craving change or that you’re experiencing a problem with.
(616) 404-0038 View (616) 404-0038
Photo of Sophia Dykstra, Licensed Professional Counselor in Grand Rapids, MI
Sophia Dykstra
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CAADC, ACS
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49503
Tired of just coping with family problems? Marriage heading in a bad direction? Kids having issues? You don't want to wait around, hoping things will get better. You want actionable steps and to get moving. You want to find healing and wholeness. Don't want to pack up all the kids? We offer therapy in your home. For more information on couples, family, and teen counseling in Michigan and Florida, visit Family-Wholeness.com.
Tired of just coping with family problems? Marriage heading in a bad direction? Kids having issues? You don't want to wait around, hoping things will get better. You want actionable steps and to get moving. You want to find healing and wholeness. Don't want to pack up all the kids? We offer therapy in your home. For more information on couples, family, and teen counseling in Michigan and Florida, visit Family-Wholeness.com.
(616) 236-5483 View (616) 236-5483
Photo of Anna Gerard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Anna Gerard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49506  (Online Only)
I believe the most well-adjusted individuals have found contentment through the brave exploration of themselves. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a Doctorate in Clinical Social Work from the University of Pennsylvania. For over fifteen years, I have worked with a variety of populations, including children, adolescents, families and adults. My experience supporting clients through Substance Abuse, Anxiety, Depression, Eating Disorders, Grief and Loss, PTSD and OCD is vast. I also have specialized expertise working with adolescents and young adults.
I believe the most well-adjusted individuals have found contentment through the brave exploration of themselves. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a Doctorate in Clinical Social Work from the University of Pennsylvania. For over fifteen years, I have worked with a variety of populations, including children, adolescents, families and adults. My experience supporting clients through Substance Abuse, Anxiety, Depression, Eating Disorders, Grief and Loss, PTSD and OCD is vast. I also have specialized expertise working with adolescents and young adults.
(616) 577-7890 View (616) 577-7890
Photo of Julia J Krump, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Julia J Krump
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW-C
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49504  (Online Only)
I help people recover from people-pleasing, perfectionism, and other ways of coping with that uneasy feeling of insecurity in relationships. I know how it feels – I’ve been there too. I know how it feels to feel like you’re holding up the sky and that you must earn your place in someone’s life. And I know how it feels to learn how to let go and say, “no more” and go about creating the life you want, not the one you feel like you have to do.
I help people recover from people-pleasing, perfectionism, and other ways of coping with that uneasy feeling of insecurity in relationships. I know how it feels – I’ve been there too. I know how it feels to feel like you’re holding up the sky and that you must earn your place in someone’s life. And I know how it feels to learn how to let go and say, “no more” and go about creating the life you want, not the one you feel like you have to do.
(616) 585-0934 View (616) 585-0934
Photo of Katlyn LaVasseur, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Katlyn LaVasseur
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49525
As a LMSW, I’ve had the privilege and honor to be alongside those experiencing grief, chronic and life limiting illness, anxiety, depression, lack of confidence and self-esteem, relationship issues, parenting, new life challenges, substance or behavior dependence, and anger management. In my therapeutic practice, I use a variety of techniques including; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution-Focused therapy, Narrative therapy, and Motivational Interviewing. Drawing from a Holistic and Person-Centered approach, we explore and emphasize your strengths to achieve your individual goals.
As a LMSW, I’ve had the privilege and honor to be alongside those experiencing grief, chronic and life limiting illness, anxiety, depression, lack of confidence and self-esteem, relationship issues, parenting, new life challenges, substance or behavior dependence, and anger management. In my therapeutic practice, I use a variety of techniques including; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution-Focused therapy, Narrative therapy, and Motivational Interviewing. Drawing from a Holistic and Person-Centered approach, we explore and emphasize your strengths to achieve your individual goals.
(616) 209-0319 View (616) 209-0319
Photo of Kurt Visker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Kurt Visker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
Our many experiences in life shape the way we think about ourselves and the world around us. We use these shaped thoughts to make decisions and form relationships. Many times they are healthy rational thoughts, but at times we fall into an unhealthy irrational pattern that can create chaos in our lives. My role as a therapist is to help you increase your awareness and sort out the chaos. I enjoy building strong therapeutic relationships founded on empathy and respect that shapes a safe environment. Join me in a conversation that will walk you down a path of self discovery.
Our many experiences in life shape the way we think about ourselves and the world around us. We use these shaped thoughts to make decisions and form relationships. Many times they are healthy rational thoughts, but at times we fall into an unhealthy irrational pattern that can create chaos in our lives. My role as a therapist is to help you increase your awareness and sort out the chaos. I enjoy building strong therapeutic relationships founded on empathy and respect that shapes a safe environment. Join me in a conversation that will walk you down a path of self discovery.
(616) 449-2086 View (616) 449-2086
Photo of Alex Frye, Counselor in Grand Rapids, MI
Alex Frye
Counselor, LLC, LLMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49504
I am open to working with individuals, couples, and families and am a poly-friendly therapist. My approach to therapy is holistic, humanistic, and client-centered, with the intent on making my clients feel safe and valued. I actively work to create an environment that is based in genuineness, openness, and collaboration with my clients, which I believe are keystones to building a relationship that promotes growth within the therapeutic experience. With my speciality in couples and families, I hope to explore these meaningful relationships and help clients achieve relational harmony, as well as tend to individual needs.
I am open to working with individuals, couples, and families and am a poly-friendly therapist. My approach to therapy is holistic, humanistic, and client-centered, with the intent on making my clients feel safe and valued. I actively work to create an environment that is based in genuineness, openness, and collaboration with my clients, which I believe are keystones to building a relationship that promotes growth within the therapeutic experience. With my speciality in couples and families, I hope to explore these meaningful relationships and help clients achieve relational harmony, as well as tend to individual needs.
(616) 344-0966 View (616) 344-0966
Photo of Katelyn Britenriker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Katelyn Britenriker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW, LMSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49546  (Online Only)
Struggling to find a sense of belonging, worth or purpose? Struggling with feelings of anxiety? Therapy is not a quick fix, it takes time, patience and strength to do the hard work. If you want to make changes in your life, you've come to the right spot. I am a Christian woman offering faith-based counseling that is rooted in scripture & Jesus. Alongside evidence-based practices for not only life, but heart change. I imagine a world someday where we can be confident in who we were created to be. I desire to walk alongside others as they face daily struggles and work towards being their best self yet.
Struggling to find a sense of belonging, worth or purpose? Struggling with feelings of anxiety? Therapy is not a quick fix, it takes time, patience and strength to do the hard work. If you want to make changes in your life, you've come to the right spot. I am a Christian woman offering faith-based counseling that is rooted in scripture & Jesus. Alongside evidence-based practices for not only life, but heart change. I imagine a world someday where we can be confident in who we were created to be. I desire to walk alongside others as they face daily struggles and work towards being their best self yet.
(616) 236-5514 View (616) 236-5514
Photo of Michelle Marie Wohlfert, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Michelle Marie Wohlfert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CAADC, CCS
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49534
There is no one more put together than a person in recovery. Living in recovery is working a program of mental health, staying clean and sober, and living one day at a time. With that being said, each person’s specific program looks different, with the common factor of living a balanced life of being grateful, mindful, spiritual, and finding a sense of community among other recovering individuals. My specialty areas are addictions, mental health, trauma, codependency issues, and how these affect you and those who love you.
There is no one more put together than a person in recovery. Living in recovery is working a program of mental health, staying clean and sober, and living one day at a time. With that being said, each person’s specific program looks different, with the common factor of living a balanced life of being grateful, mindful, spiritual, and finding a sense of community among other recovering individuals. My specialty areas are addictions, mental health, trauma, codependency issues, and how these affect you and those who love you.
(616) 404-3437 View (616) 404-3437
Photo of Christopher Lawitzke, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Christopher Lawitzke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
Chris Lawitzke is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with more than 3.5 years of experience. He works with teens, adults, and seniors to identify their goals and work through issues related to addictive disorders, anxiety disorders, behavioral modification, bipolar disorders, borderline personality disorder (BPD), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), depression, LGBTQIA+-related issues, PTSD, stress, and more.
Chris Lawitzke is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with more than 3.5 years of experience. He works with teens, adults, and seniors to identify their goals and work through issues related to addictive disorders, anxiety disorders, behavioral modification, bipolar disorders, borderline personality disorder (BPD), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), depression, LGBTQIA+-related issues, PTSD, stress, and more.
(616) 303-5282 View (616) 303-5282
Photo of Nicole Fix, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Nicole Fix
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49503
Sharing your story takes courage, but can be one of the most powerful aspects in guiding you towards positive change. Therapy offers you this opportunity. It is a time where it is all about you. Just you and your story. My approach has been described as nonjudgmental, empathic, and supportive. My goal is to help you be present with your story, where you can be witnessed and understood in a compassionate way and therefore, helping you to be more connected to yourself, others, and the world around you.
Sharing your story takes courage, but can be one of the most powerful aspects in guiding you towards positive change. Therapy offers you this opportunity. It is a time where it is all about you. Just you and your story. My approach has been described as nonjudgmental, empathic, and supportive. My goal is to help you be present with your story, where you can be witnessed and understood in a compassionate way and therefore, helping you to be more connected to yourself, others, and the world around you.
(616) 710-4031 View (616) 710-4031
Photo of Great Lakes Psychology Group, Psychologist in Grand Rapids, MI
Great Lakes Psychology Group
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49544
Counseling for everyone. Most major insurances accepted and flexible payment plans are available.
Counseling for everyone. Most major insurances accepted and flexible payment plans are available.
(616) 219-8917 View (616) 219-8917

See more therapy options for Grand Rapids

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Grand Rapids, MI

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Grand Rapids, MI who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
89% Depression
77% Self Esteem
76% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
71% Coping Skills
70% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
69% Priority Health
63% Aetna

How Therapists in Grand Rapids, MI see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Grand Rapids?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.