Therapists in Jefferson Davis Parish, LA

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Photo of Cole Campo, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Cole Campo
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Jennings, LA 70546
In a society heavily influenced by opinions, it can be hard to distinguish reality in our daily lives. Navigating through difficult situations becomes a greater challenge while also trying to discover your purpose and self-worth. I believe that therapy requires a holistic approach which aims to improve the mental, physical, social and spiritual health of every person I encounter.
In a society heavily influenced by opinions, it can be hard to distinguish reality in our daily lives. Navigating through difficult situations becomes a greater challenge while also trying to discover your purpose and self-worth. I believe that therapy requires a holistic approach which aims to improve the mental, physical, social and spiritual health of every person I encounter.
(337) 473-2194 View (337) 473-2194
Photo of Lisa Brune, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW, BACS
Lisa Brune
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW, BACS
Online Only
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years of experience, Licensed in both Louisiana and Texas. A graduate of the University of Texas at Arlington with a Master's of Science in Social Work, I work with adolescents, adults, seniors, seeing individuals, couples, and families. I have particular interest in all areas of mental health, including grief, loss, trauma, eating disorders, domestic violence, sexual abuse, sexual assault, and parenting issues. I am a Certified Mediator and have a Certification in Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM). In my free time, I enjoy working with my three pet therapy dogs.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years of experience, Licensed in both Louisiana and Texas. A graduate of the University of Texas at Arlington with a Master's of Science in Social Work, I work with adolescents, adults, seniors, seeing individuals, couples, and families. I have particular interest in all areas of mental health, including grief, loss, trauma, eating disorders, domestic violence, sexual abuse, sexual assault, and parenting issues. I am a Certified Mediator and have a Certification in Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM). In my free time, I enjoy working with my three pet therapy dogs.
(337) 447-4700 View (337) 447-4700
Photo of La’Tasha Adams, Licensed Professional Counselor, M Ed, LPC
La’Tasha Adams
Licensed Professional Counselor, M Ed, LPC
Serves Area
I have a passion to help people facing challenges such as depression, anxiety, self-esteem, life transitions, women's issues, and relationship difficulties. Whether they are dealing with mental health struggles, adjusting to major life changes, or seeking to improve their relationships, I am dedicated to offering empathy, patience, and a sense of empowerment as they navigate these challenges. During tough times, it's essential to have a stable source of support—a space where you feel understood and not alone. I aim to provide that safe, supportive environment, helping clients work through their concerns with compassion and guidance.
I have a passion to help people facing challenges such as depression, anxiety, self-esteem, life transitions, women's issues, and relationship difficulties. Whether they are dealing with mental health struggles, adjusting to major life changes, or seeking to improve their relationships, I am dedicated to offering empathy, patience, and a sense of empowerment as they navigate these challenges. During tough times, it's essential to have a stable source of support—a space where you feel understood and not alone. I aim to provide that safe, supportive environment, helping clients work through their concerns with compassion and guidance.
(337) 415-2072 View (337) 415-2072
Photo of Marlaena Miller, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Marlaena Miller
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Do you ever think you are the only one who hasn't gotten their life together yet? The truth is we ALL experience difficult and stressful life stuff at times. Life can be really tough. We all carry pain that is often exacerbated by new relationships and situations: psychological, emotional, and spiritual pain. If you have tried to "figure it out" on your own for too long, like so many of us think we must, and would like a relatable professional to work with you toward healing and growth, I would appreciate the opportunity and privilege to work with you on your journey toward a healthier, happier you. It's ok to need some help.
Do you ever think you are the only one who hasn't gotten their life together yet? The truth is we ALL experience difficult and stressful life stuff at times. Life can be really tough. We all carry pain that is often exacerbated by new relationships and situations: psychological, emotional, and spiritual pain. If you have tried to "figure it out" on your own for too long, like so many of us think we must, and would like a relatable professional to work with you toward healing and growth, I would appreciate the opportunity and privilege to work with you on your journey toward a healthier, happier you. It's ok to need some help.
(337) 246-5596 View (337) 246-5596
Photo of Mikal Marceaux Acadian Counseling Center, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Mikal Marceaux Acadian Counseling Center
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Serves Area
I believe that connections and relationships play incredibly important roles in our lives and that everyone deserves a safe space to discuss and process the unique challenges their relationships may be facing. I work from a sex positive, kink affirming, and queer friendly perspective to help people navigate and explore their relationships regardless of how traditional or non-traditional they may be.
I believe that connections and relationships play incredibly important roles in our lives and that everyone deserves a safe space to discuss and process the unique challenges their relationships may be facing. I work from a sex positive, kink affirming, and queer friendly perspective to help people navigate and explore their relationships regardless of how traditional or non-traditional they may be.
(337) 329-8333 View (337) 329-8333

Online Therapists

Photo of Helen Wilson, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CCTP-I
Helen Wilson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CCTP-I
1 Endorsed
Baton Rouge, LA 70808
Do parts of you feel overwhelmed, agitated, frozen, numb, or out of control with self-destructive thoughts and behaviors? I have 10 years of specialized experience in helping people recover from the shattering effects of trauma. Holding space for your pain and burdens, I am a compassionate listener who will tailor the use of evidence-based interventions and techniques to your specific needs. As a Christian, I often integrate the hope and healing of a gospel-centered approach with therapy, but wherever you may find yourself in your own spiritual journey - I am ready to meet you there.
Do parts of you feel overwhelmed, agitated, frozen, numb, or out of control with self-destructive thoughts and behaviors? I have 10 years of specialized experience in helping people recover from the shattering effects of trauma. Holding space for your pain and burdens, I am a compassionate listener who will tailor the use of evidence-based interventions and techniques to your specific needs. As a Christian, I often integrate the hope and healing of a gospel-centered approach with therapy, but wherever you may find yourself in your own spiritual journey - I am ready to meet you there.
(225) 314-8550 View (225) 314-8550
Photo of Andi McMurry Acadian Counseling Center, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLMFT, PLPC
Andi McMurry Acadian Counseling Center
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLMFT, PLPC
Lafayette, LA 70508
Hi, I'm Andi! I have experience with working with outpatient mental health, emotional, sexual and physical abuse, crisis intervention, couples and family therapy & individual therapy. My preference is to work with clients that need guidance in personal development and growth, acceptance and effective coping with daily life stressors, life transitions and life adjustments and strengthening the relationship and family dynamic.
Hi, I'm Andi! I have experience with working with outpatient mental health, emotional, sexual and physical abuse, crisis intervention, couples and family therapy & individual therapy. My preference is to work with clients that need guidance in personal development and growth, acceptance and effective coping with daily life stressors, life transitions and life adjustments and strengthening the relationship and family dynamic.
(337) 492-0574 View (337) 492-0574
Photo of Myra Gulotta, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Myra Gulotta
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lafayette, LA 70508
As a clinical social worker, I offer a compassionate, collaborative approach to individual and family therapy. My goal is to create a safe space where we can explore challenges, build strengths, and work toward positive change.
As a clinical social worker, I offer a compassionate, collaborative approach to individual and family therapy. My goal is to create a safe space where we can explore challenges, build strengths, and work toward positive change.
(337) 337-3977 View (337) 337-3977
Photo of Dean Sunseri, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MEd, LPC, DMin
Dean Sunseri
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MEd, LPC, DMin
1 Endorsed
Baton Rouge, LA 70809
Seeking Professional Therapy by a Licensed Counselor? Marriage Problems, Relationship problems, depression, anxiety or substance abuse? Dean Sunseri, LPC, has been a Licensed Professional Counselor for over 17 years. He is available to help you! "Dean guided me to a new freedom which has changed my life forever. The tools of his process are the light in my darkness & it works. If you're looking for guidance, you're in the right place." (John B.)
Seeking Professional Therapy by a Licensed Counselor? Marriage Problems, Relationship problems, depression, anxiety or substance abuse? Dean Sunseri, LPC, has been a Licensed Professional Counselor for over 17 years. He is available to help you! "Dean guided me to a new freedom which has changed my life forever. The tools of his process are the light in my darkness & it works. If you're looking for guidance, you're in the right place." (John B.)
(225) 290-7255 View (225) 290-7255
Photo of Melissa D McKinney, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BACS
Melissa D McKinney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BACS
2 Endorsed
Alexandria, LA 71303
Do you struggle with depression? Does shame and guilt have you frozen? Do you feel overwhelmed or weighed down by anxiety, fear, self-doubt, or insecurity? If you are tired of being tired, then I am here to help. If you are struggling to know what to do with the pain you feel, then I want to help you find a way through it. I will work with you to solve whatever problems you find yourself facing to assist you in recognizing the strengths you have within and developing the skills you need to find your way to happiness and confidence.
Do you struggle with depression? Does shame and guilt have you frozen? Do you feel overwhelmed or weighed down by anxiety, fear, self-doubt, or insecurity? If you are tired of being tired, then I am here to help. If you are struggling to know what to do with the pain you feel, then I want to help you find a way through it. I will work with you to solve whatever problems you find yourself facing to assist you in recognizing the strengths you have within and developing the skills you need to find your way to happiness and confidence.
(318) 392-9649 View (318) 392-9649
Photo of Tracy Bijeaux- Lotus Counseling And Wellness, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC, PLMFT
Tracy Bijeaux- Lotus Counseling And Wellness
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC, PLMFT
2 Endorsed
Lafayette, LA 70508
Hello, my name is Tracy Bijeaux. My desire is to see individuals, couples, and families reach their full potential. I offer evidenced based therapy for couples, families, first responders, and individual adults experiencing trauma, relationship struggles, grief, depression, anxiety, and life challenges with chronic illness/pain and cancer. I have specialized training the following evidenced based therapeutic modalities: EMDR, Gottman Method, Sandtray Therapy and Prepare & Enrich Therapy
Hello, my name is Tracy Bijeaux. My desire is to see individuals, couples, and families reach their full potential. I offer evidenced based therapy for couples, families, first responders, and individual adults experiencing trauma, relationship struggles, grief, depression, anxiety, and life challenges with chronic illness/pain and cancer. I have specialized training the following evidenced based therapeutic modalities: EMDR, Gottman Method, Sandtray Therapy and Prepare & Enrich Therapy
(337) 454-5220 View (337) 454-5220
Photo of Jessica Moody, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jessica Moody
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Youngsville, LA 70592
Are you exhausted by your search for love and belonging, instead becoming entangled in self-sabotage and feelings of shame and self-doubt? Maybe you're trying to fill an emptiness inside, only to find that unhealthy habits are making things worse. Perhaps you're haunted by nightmares, flashbacks, or fragmented memories of a past you struggle to piece together. Or even worse, maybe your loved ones have expressed frustration, calling you "too much," while you only ever feel "not enough." Whatever has led you here, know that you are not alone, and healing is possible.
Are you exhausted by your search for love and belonging, instead becoming entangled in self-sabotage and feelings of shame and self-doubt? Maybe you're trying to fill an emptiness inside, only to find that unhealthy habits are making things worse. Perhaps you're haunted by nightmares, flashbacks, or fragmented memories of a past you struggle to piece together. Or even worse, maybe your loved ones have expressed frustration, calling you "too much," while you only ever feel "not enough." Whatever has led you here, know that you are not alone, and healing is possible.
(337) 273-0783 View (337) 273-0783
Photo of Rhea Cooper Ph.d. Registered Play Therapist, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, RPT, NCC
Rhea Cooper Ph.d. Registered Play Therapist
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, RPT, NCC
4 Endorsed
Lafayette, LA 70503
Waitlist for new clients
You are deserving of peace, self-compassion, and fullness of life. Oftentimes, life's stress can cause deep emotional and physical pain, which may leave us unfulfilled, discouraged, and disconnected. My goal in therapy is to support and guide you as you learn ways to lift the burden from your shoulders to reclaim your joy, peace, and worthiness. I work with all populations including children as young as three, adolescents, adults, families, and couples. My approach to counseling is integrative and incorporates cognitive-behavioral therapy, play therapy, and a focus on empowering clients to identify their strengths and resources.
You are deserving of peace, self-compassion, and fullness of life. Oftentimes, life's stress can cause deep emotional and physical pain, which may leave us unfulfilled, discouraged, and disconnected. My goal in therapy is to support and guide you as you learn ways to lift the burden from your shoulders to reclaim your joy, peace, and worthiness. I work with all populations including children as young as three, adolescents, adults, families, and couples. My approach to counseling is integrative and incorporates cognitive-behavioral therapy, play therapy, and a focus on empowering clients to identify their strengths and resources.
(337) 806-8907 View (337) 806-8907
Photo of Jo-Nia Crochet, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, PLPC
Jo-Nia Crochet
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, PLPC
Lafayette, LA 70503
My approach with clients is mostly collaborative, which provides the opportunity for experiencing growth and accountability, while receiving support in a discrete, nonjudgmental environment. I believe in working with clients who seek to identify their current problems and make changes. The client demographic I work with is made up of children and adults who may be dealing with behavioral issues, school issues, family issues, and/or daily life stressors.
My approach with clients is mostly collaborative, which provides the opportunity for experiencing growth and accountability, while receiving support in a discrete, nonjudgmental environment. I believe in working with clients who seek to identify their current problems and make changes. The client demographic I work with is made up of children and adults who may be dealing with behavioral issues, school issues, family issues, and/or daily life stressors.
(337) 226-1727 View (337) 226-1727
Photo of Sadie Doll, Psychologist, PsyD
Sadie Doll
Psychologist, PsyD
Lafayette, LA 70503
Hello, and thank you for your interest in working together! Reaching out for treatment is a brave, and often difficult, step. I am happy to work with you on your journey to a more fulfilling life! It is my mission to provide a safe, collaborative, and validating environment to promote psychological growth and well-being. My approach to treatment is integrative and utilizes CBT, DBT, and CPT, as well as relational- and insight-oriented approaches. That means that I will use a lot of tools across different approaches to help your immediate concerns, while fostering a therapy relationship to work with you regarding underlying issues.
Hello, and thank you for your interest in working together! Reaching out for treatment is a brave, and often difficult, step. I am happy to work with you on your journey to a more fulfilling life! It is my mission to provide a safe, collaborative, and validating environment to promote psychological growth and well-being. My approach to treatment is integrative and utilizes CBT, DBT, and CPT, as well as relational- and insight-oriented approaches. That means that I will use a lot of tools across different approaches to help your immediate concerns, while fostering a therapy relationship to work with you regarding underlying issues.
(337) 221-9430 View (337) 221-9430
Photo of Laurence Darryl Conkerton, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
Laurence Darryl Conkerton
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
Baton Rouge, LA 70808
Hello, I am Laurence Conkerton and I have been providing mental health counseling and therapy services for 30 years. I hold a Louisiana state license as an LPC, (Licensed Professional Counselor Licensed number 1887) and a Texas State Board of Examiners Professional Counselors License (LPC Number 88905) and I am also Nationally Certified (NBCC). I provide Individual, couples, family and group therapy to clients of all backgrounds and diversities. I provide Telehealth/ Virtual sessions. I am dedicated in helping my clients reach their goals and finding a healthy balance within all areas of their lives.
Hello, I am Laurence Conkerton and I have been providing mental health counseling and therapy services for 30 years. I hold a Louisiana state license as an LPC, (Licensed Professional Counselor Licensed number 1887) and a Texas State Board of Examiners Professional Counselors License (LPC Number 88905) and I am also Nationally Certified (NBCC). I provide Individual, couples, family and group therapy to clients of all backgrounds and diversities. I provide Telehealth/ Virtual sessions. I am dedicated in helping my clients reach their goals and finding a healthy balance within all areas of their lives.
(225) 239-4818 View (225) 239-4818
Photo of Gwendolyn M Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Gwendolyn M Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hi If you are a person looking for help with Relationships, Marriage, Addiction, Depression or Anxiety and you are ready and willing to do the work I would like to help you. If you have decided you want something different and better, I would like to help you. If you have decided you want to find happiness within and be your best self, I would like to help you. The reward of a happier, more fulfilling life at the end of this journey far outweighs your struggles and the work it takes to become your best self. I want to reassure you that people do heal and I want to assist you in creating your success story.
Hi If you are a person looking for help with Relationships, Marriage, Addiction, Depression or Anxiety and you are ready and willing to do the work I would like to help you. If you have decided you want something different and better, I would like to help you. If you have decided you want to find happiness within and be your best self, I would like to help you. The reward of a happier, more fulfilling life at the end of this journey far outweighs your struggles and the work it takes to become your best self. I want to reassure you that people do heal and I want to assist you in creating your success story.
(850) 304-9522 View (850) 304-9522
Photo of Gabby Longoria, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, PLPC
Gabby Longoria
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, PLPC
2 Endorsed
Lafayette, LA 70508
Hey everyone! I’m Gabby, a compassionate, dedicated, and creative counselor specializing in supporting individuals through life’s challenges. With a focus on both children and adults, I strive to create a safe, non-judgmental space where  personal growth and healing can flourish.
Hey everyone! I’m Gabby, a compassionate, dedicated, and creative counselor specializing in supporting individuals through life’s challenges. With a focus on both children and adults, I strive to create a safe, non-judgmental space where  personal growth and healing can flourish.
(337) 340-8060 View (337) 340-8060
Photo of Katie Blum, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Katie Blum
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Online Only
I want the process of counseling to be a safe journey towards the life my clients can say "yes" to. I believe in the client being the expert of themselves, and their path is set by their dreams, hopes, and desires, not my agenda. I believe a full, beautiful life is possible for all people, I want to help you in your path towards that beauty, whatever that may mean to you.
I want the process of counseling to be a safe journey towards the life my clients can say "yes" to. I believe in the client being the expert of themselves, and their path is set by their dreams, hopes, and desires, not my agenda. I believe a full, beautiful life is possible for all people, I want to help you in your path towards that beauty, whatever that may mean to you.
(225) 307-4543 View (225) 307-4543
Photo of Marian W Oquin - BetterHelp, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BACS
BetterHelp
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BACS
Online Only
I like to work with clients who have experienced trauma and with clients suffering from depression. Throughout my career, I have worked in a hospital setting and also in an outpatient mental health facility. I have worked with clients that have experienced disasters, child and elder abuse, grief from loss of pregnancy and having a premature birth, boundary issues. I assisted the elderly with resources and placement in the community when they could no longer live at home. I also completed a MSW internship at a Domestic Violence Shelter. After working with clients over 28 years, I have varied experience.
I like to work with clients who have experienced trauma and with clients suffering from depression. Throughout my career, I have worked in a hospital setting and also in an outpatient mental health facility. I have worked with clients that have experienced disasters, child and elder abuse, grief from loss of pregnancy and having a premature birth, boundary issues. I assisted the elderly with resources and placement in the community when they could no longer live at home. I also completed a MSW internship at a Domestic Violence Shelter. After working with clients over 28 years, I have varied experience.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Jefferson Davis Parish, LA

< 10

Therapists in Jefferson Davis Parish, LA who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Family Conflict
80% Grief
80% Emotional Disturbance
80% Peer Relationships

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Jefferson Davis Parish, LA see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Jefferson Davis Parish?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.