Therapists in Williamsburg, KY
![Photo of Illyssa Russell, MA, LPCC-S, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/fff5e6a4-b0c4-4ff1-9309-24068a46ed74/1/320x400.jpeg)
My name is Illyssa Russell. I am an LPCC-S and have always been drawn to the helping profession and if you have taken the step to reach out and seek counseling, I will meet you where you’re at to help you get where you want to be.
My name is Illyssa Russell. I am an LPCC-S and have always been drawn to the helping profession and if you have taken the step to reach out and seek counseling, I will meet you where you’re at to help you get where you want to be.
![Photo of Scarlette Rebecca Jasper, MDiv, PCC, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/6af13f16-b840-496a-925a-a4eed3592ea9/2/320x400.jpeg)
Scarlette Rebecca Jasper
Pre-Licensed Professional, MDiv, PCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Williamsburg, KY 40769
As a pastoral counselor, I work with individuals, couples, and families to develop insight into their challenges. Sometimes we just need a judgement free and supportive environment to share our struggles. Stress, worry, and anxiety can weigh us down. Past life experiences can hinder us from being in a place of peace. My goal is to walk with and provide wholistic care to restore hope and help clients achieve a happy, fulfilling, and abundant life.
As a pastoral counselor, I work with individuals, couples, and families to develop insight into their challenges. Sometimes we just need a judgement free and supportive environment to share our struggles. Stress, worry, and anxiety can weigh us down. Past life experiences can hinder us from being in a place of peace. My goal is to walk with and provide wholistic care to restore hope and help clients achieve a happy, fulfilling, and abundant life.
![Photo of Ariel Siler - Family Options Developmental Planning, LLC, MA, LPCA](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/40bf50d6-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
Family Options Developmental Planning, LLC
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCA
Verified Verified
Williamsburg, KY 40769
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor Associate. I have a Masters in Professional Counseling from University of the Cumberlands. I have worked with individuals, couples, and families with a variety of presenting concerns, and I value each of my clients. I have a passion to see lives changed. I desire to see others find hope, understanding, confidence, and peace.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor Associate. I have a Masters in Professional Counseling from University of the Cumberlands. I have worked with individuals, couples, and families with a variety of presenting concerns, and I value each of my clients. I have a passion to see lives changed. I desire to see others find hope, understanding, confidence, and peace.
More Therapists Nearby
![Photo of Kristi D Hamilton, MA, LPCC, NCPC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d77b14f4-385d-45bd-979b-64e1030746a5/2/320x400.jpeg)
Kristi D Hamilton
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC, NCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Barbourville, KY 40906
I am an LPCC committed to helping individuals navigate the complexities of anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, PTSD, and other mental health challenges. My approach to therapy is rooted in empathy, trust, and collaboration. I believe that everyone has the strength within them to overcome obstacles and find a path towards healing and growth. I also am a Nationally Certified Parent Coordinator. I help individuals to effectively co-parent by providing assistance in resolving disputes and improving communication between parents.
I am an LPCC committed to helping individuals navigate the complexities of anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, PTSD, and other mental health challenges. My approach to therapy is rooted in empathy, trust, and collaboration. I believe that everyone has the strength within them to overcome obstacles and find a path towards healing and growth. I also am a Nationally Certified Parent Coordinator. I help individuals to effectively co-parent by providing assistance in resolving disputes and improving communication between parents.
![Photo of Deborah K Gilbert - Family Options Developmental Planning LLC, PhD Can, LPCC-S, MA, BA](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/36c1fde9-9602-4569-a544-f9bb394116be/1/320x400.jpeg)
Family Options Developmental Planning LLC
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, PhD Can, LPCC-S, MA, BA
Verified Verified
London, KY 40741
Because aging is inevitable, I have now committed my counseling career to the 55 and older population. Change is uncomfortable, but change is essential in order to move to a better place in life as you retire, as you lose a spouse, a child, or a friend. Sometimes the change is as simple as learning to look at something from a different point of view, it is an "ah ha" moment. The first step to change is trust, so I hope you will trust me enough to allow me to walk this challenging journey with you.
Because aging is inevitable, I have now committed my counseling career to the 55 and older population. Change is uncomfortable, but change is essential in order to move to a better place in life as you retire, as you lose a spouse, a child, or a friend. Sometimes the change is as simple as learning to look at something from a different point of view, it is an "ah ha" moment. The first step to change is trust, so I hope you will trust me enough to allow me to walk this challenging journey with you.
![Photo of Amber Madden, MA, LPCC-S, CEDS, CFMHE](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/94fb8155-612a-4a04-915a-23a39ab5fee0/2/320x400.jpeg)
Amber Madden
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC-S, CEDS, CFMHE
Verified Verified
Online Only
Currently not accepting new clients. (For a faster response, please email or send a message.) I want to personally congratulate you on taking this important step in considering mental health therapy for whatever your needs may be. Ordinarily, we do not arrive at this point during times when things are going well. It is the times we are in pain, confused, scared, anxious or worried that brings us to seeking out mental health care. Please know that I want to help you at whatever stage you are in your journey.
Currently not accepting new clients. (For a faster response, please email or send a message.) I want to personally congratulate you on taking this important step in considering mental health therapy for whatever your needs may be. Ordinarily, we do not arrive at this point during times when things are going well. It is the times we are in pain, confused, scared, anxious or worried that brings us to seeking out mental health care. Please know that I want to help you at whatever stage you are in your journey.
![Photo of Alexandra Peters, MEd, LPCC-S, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/6d563dcb-17a8-4d93-8a00-84e7748f683f/2/320x400.jpeg)
Do you experience frequent worry, depression, or are you trying to overcome events or experiences that you still struggle with from your past? I work with clients from a variety of backgrounds and identities who are motivated to work toward and experience positive change in their lives.
Do you experience frequent worry, depression, or are you trying to overcome events or experiences that you still struggle with from your past? I work with clients from a variety of backgrounds and identities who are motivated to work toward and experience positive change in their lives.
![Photo of Caitlin Bloom, MA, LPCC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/72c78980-393c-41ea-bbd8-723c997237a6/1/320x400.jpeg)
Caitlin Bloom
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am particularly passionate about working with adults and couples who are struggling with trauma, mood disorders, anxiety and relationship issues. I aim to guide individuals into overcoming internalized shame and guilt, embracing self-compassion, and finding their voice. As someone who felt like she didn’t have a voice growing up, I hope to provide the space for others to explore their own experiences and identities to ultimately find peace and authenticity. I have worked as a therapist for five years and have experience working with individuals and couples in multiple communities.
I am particularly passionate about working with adults and couples who are struggling with trauma, mood disorders, anxiety and relationship issues. I aim to guide individuals into overcoming internalized shame and guilt, embracing self-compassion, and finding their voice. As someone who felt like she didn’t have a voice growing up, I hope to provide the space for others to explore their own experiences and identities to ultimately find peace and authenticity. I have worked as a therapist for five years and have experience working with individuals and couples in multiple communities.
![Photo of Kathy Lewis - Groundwork Counseling LLC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e119493f-01ec-44e7-92d9-59b9c8fc7344/1/320x400.jpeg)
Groundwork Counseling LLC
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Corbin, KY 40701
Our ideal clients are those who are looking for support with managing life transitions and changes, who are goal oriented and open to exploring problem-solving and learning how to manage symptoms related to mental health.
Our ideal clients are those who are looking for support with managing life transitions and changes, who are goal oriented and open to exploring problem-solving and learning how to manage symptoms related to mental health.
![Photo of Joseph Paul Campbell, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/2bd4e1aa-1565-4609-82be-477f3e656826/2/320x400.jpeg)
Now Accepting New Clients!, I am a therapist in London, KY. Currently, I am Licensed in Kentucky to provide mental health/substance abuse services as an LCSW- Licensed Clinical Social Worker (I provide CSW supervision)and TCADC-Temp Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor. I am also an Autonomously Certified Batterers Intervention Provider(Domestic Violence Services) for Kentucky, eligible to provide supervision to associate BIP while also being approved by the Kentucky Board of Nursing to provide mental health/substance abuse evaluations. I currently serve adults, adolescents, and children(7+).
Now Accepting New Clients!, I am a therapist in London, KY. Currently, I am Licensed in Kentucky to provide mental health/substance abuse services as an LCSW- Licensed Clinical Social Worker (I provide CSW supervision)and TCADC-Temp Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor. I am also an Autonomously Certified Batterers Intervention Provider(Domestic Violence Services) for Kentucky, eligible to provide supervision to associate BIP while also being approved by the Kentucky Board of Nursing to provide mental health/substance abuse evaluations. I currently serve adults, adolescents, and children(7+).
![Photo of Cindy Coscia, MEd, LPCC-S, CAMS-II](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0e816707-a03b-4911-9bbf-ec231c92fef8/2/320x400.jpeg)
Cindy Coscia
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MEd, LPCC-S, CAMS-II
Verified Verified
London, KY 40741
We know so much for certain about the human anatomy, but when it comes to our mental health even the line between the brain and the mind is blurred. Behavioral Health interests me because nothing is ever certain. Even when it comes to the treatment of individual illnesses, there is no set way of treating a patient, and often it is only a mix of many approaches that can solve an issue entirely...
We know so much for certain about the human anatomy, but when it comes to our mental health even the line between the brain and the mind is blurred. Behavioral Health interests me because nothing is ever certain. Even when it comes to the treatment of individual illnesses, there is no set way of treating a patient, and often it is only a mix of many approaches that can solve an issue entirely...
![Photo of William Aaron Stevens - New Frontiers: Clinical Counseling, MEd, LPCC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3d9ea432-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
New Frontiers: Clinical Counseling
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MEd, LPCC
Verified Verified
Corbin, KY 40701
I offer professional counseling services for individuals, couples, and families to help them move beyond problems and find solutions for lasting change. I have over 14 years of hands on experience in the mental health field working with clients of all ages facing a vast array of life problems relating to: Substance abuse, Mental health, Couples and Families, Behavioral and Developmental, Career and Academic issues. If you or your family are experiencing problems and are seeking to be treated by a fully licensed and highly trained professional therapist contact me today for a free consultation.
I offer professional counseling services for individuals, couples, and families to help them move beyond problems and find solutions for lasting change. I have over 14 years of hands on experience in the mental health field working with clients of all ages facing a vast array of life problems relating to: Substance abuse, Mental health, Couples and Families, Behavioral and Developmental, Career and Academic issues. If you or your family are experiencing problems and are seeking to be treated by a fully licensed and highly trained professional therapist contact me today for a free consultation.
![Photo of Suzann O'Koon, LP, CP, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/5c6a7337-0b48-4904-8fc4-68c24ba49ebf/1/320x400.jpeg)
With thirty years of working with individuals, couples and families. I have provided the opportunity to work with and help people with the widest range of life issues.
With thirty years of working with individuals, couples and families. I have provided the opportunity to work with and help people with the widest range of life issues.
![Photo of Denise Tillmannshofer - Calm Breeze Counseling Center, LPCMHSP, LMHC, LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a0e0a722-a396-4bb9-8146-4b1d57064004/2/320x400.jpeg)
Calm Breeze Counseling Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, LMHC, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Overwhelmed. A word so frequently used. How many times have you felt that way? What part of you is holding you back from healing? Is it anxiety, depression, life transitions, trauma? Trauma effects many of us in multiple ways. From attachment wounds to developmental to historical to environmental, each trauma can cause a change in our behavior, the way we perceive the world, the lens how we focus. However, trauma therapy can help you find the underlying issues and allow you to live a full and healthy lives.
Overwhelmed. A word so frequently used. How many times have you felt that way? What part of you is holding you back from healing? Is it anxiety, depression, life transitions, trauma? Trauma effects many of us in multiple ways. From attachment wounds to developmental to historical to environmental, each trauma can cause a change in our behavior, the way we perceive the world, the lens how we focus. However, trauma therapy can help you find the underlying issues and allow you to live a full and healthy lives.
![Photo of Judy Bailey, LPCC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/43eb68ab-6577-411e-8e40-9889f5b30872/1/320x400.jpeg)
I am very person-centered in my therapeutic approach. My goal is to meet each client where they are in their life journey and to utilize my education, knowledge and experience to assist each client with reaching their desired goals. I have a master’s degree in clinical mental health counseling, as well as a master’s degree in addiction counseling, and have worked with clients with dual diagnoses. I spent 15 years working with adolescents in a residential setting; 6 of those years being the Director of Clinical Services. I have always had a passion for working with children and adolescents.
I am very person-centered in my therapeutic approach. My goal is to meet each client where they are in their life journey and to utilize my education, knowledge and experience to assist each client with reaching their desired goals. I have a master’s degree in clinical mental health counseling, as well as a master’s degree in addiction counseling, and have worked with clients with dual diagnoses. I spent 15 years working with adolescents in a residential setting; 6 of those years being the Director of Clinical Services. I have always had a passion for working with children and adolescents.
![Photo of Janice Grentz - Healing Journey of Recovery, MA, LPCC, NCC, CSAT](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3c11e583-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Healing Journey of Recovery
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC, NCC, CSAT
Verified Verified
London, KY 40741
I am easy to talk to and enjoy getting to know each client personally as we work together to create an appropriate and effective treatment plan. I use a variety of approaches including cognitive therapy. I have a general practice and treat a variety of issues including grief, trauma, anxiety, depression, suicial thoughts, marriage, addiction, and codependency. I have a personal Christian world view but respect and accept the individual rights of each client to create their own value system.
I am easy to talk to and enjoy getting to know each client personally as we work together to create an appropriate and effective treatment plan. I use a variety of approaches including cognitive therapy. I have a general practice and treat a variety of issues including grief, trauma, anxiety, depression, suicial thoughts, marriage, addiction, and codependency. I have a personal Christian world view but respect and accept the individual rights of each client to create their own value system.
![Photo of Mikaela L Gray - Valley View Counseling, MS, LPCA, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e13b7233-4a83-4252-9c90-cb94691056e1/3/320x400.jpeg)
Hello! My name is Mikaela Gray and I am an outpatient therapist at Valley View Counseling LLC. I have always had a love for people and have worked many years in my communities as a volunteer with teens and adults. It has been a joy to make my passion my career. I work with teens (16+), adults, and couples concerning a range of issues such as; depression, anxiety, self-esteem, self-harm, emotional regulation, communication difficulties, life-transitions, grief and loss, and healing from trauma. It is my hope to provide a judgement free environment for self-exploration, psycho-education, and a compassionate pathway toward change.
Hello! My name is Mikaela Gray and I am an outpatient therapist at Valley View Counseling LLC. I have always had a love for people and have worked many years in my communities as a volunteer with teens and adults. It has been a joy to make my passion my career. I work with teens (16+), adults, and couples concerning a range of issues such as; depression, anxiety, self-esteem, self-harm, emotional regulation, communication difficulties, life-transitions, grief and loss, and healing from trauma. It is my hope to provide a judgement free environment for self-exploration, psycho-education, and a compassionate pathway toward change.
![Photo of Jessica Lynn Baker, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/7f4af4c1-d899-4f80-b13f-fc68959bc5c2/1/320x400.jpeg)
First Session is Free! Hello everyone! A little about me. First I am honest, dedicated, friendly and empathetic. I enjoy helping others in any way that I can. I am here to provide a safe, comfortable, and supportive counseling environment. I want you to feel comfortable sharing your concerns/issues with me. I want to be open and share that I myself have used therapy as a coping mechanism. I lost my grandmother a few years ago and she raised me from birth. It was a difficult time in my life and I had a lot of trauma/grief/depression and anxiety. So I can relate. This is a judgement free zone and I am here to help you love yourself!
First Session is Free! Hello everyone! A little about me. First I am honest, dedicated, friendly and empathetic. I enjoy helping others in any way that I can. I am here to provide a safe, comfortable, and supportive counseling environment. I want you to feel comfortable sharing your concerns/issues with me. I want to be open and share that I myself have used therapy as a coping mechanism. I lost my grandmother a few years ago and she raised me from birth. It was a difficult time in my life and I had a lot of trauma/grief/depression and anxiety. So I can relate. This is a judgement free zone and I am here to help you love yourself!
![Photo of Neha Mahboob, LPCC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/783a08fe-dc6d-4276-8b8f-b02fa8e98704/1/320x400.jpeg)
Hello everyone! My name is Neha Mahboob, MACMHC, LPCC. I am a clinician working in the beautiful state Kentucky. I have been working as a clinician for 4 years and very happy with the career I have chosen as it gives me the opportunity to help those who need it. I am a firm believer in having a healthy mental/emotional mindset as it sets the stage for a healthy physical state. I help individuals find their inner-peace by giving them tools/techniques to utilize.
Hello everyone! My name is Neha Mahboob, MACMHC, LPCC. I am a clinician working in the beautiful state Kentucky. I have been working as a clinician for 4 years and very happy with the career I have chosen as it gives me the opportunity to help those who need it. I am a firm believer in having a healthy mental/emotional mindset as it sets the stage for a healthy physical state. I help individuals find their inner-peace by giving them tools/techniques to utilize.
![Photo of Eliza Clontz](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e6431b7a-0f28-480f-8c1b-9c9544afa079/1/320x400.jpeg)
Are you affected by anxiety, depression, trauma, addiction, and/or other stressful life areas that keeps you feeling stuck with no answers? Everyone is unique and everyone starts at a different place in therapy. Everyone deserves an individualized approach to care. I believe in meeting the person where they are at. If you have negative beliefs, past trauma, and addictions that keep you in a state of uncertainty then lets work to together to create a safe, supportive space for you to talk through areas that are keeping you stuck. I’ll be there to listen to you, guide you, challenge you, and support you along the way.
Are you affected by anxiety, depression, trauma, addiction, and/or other stressful life areas that keeps you feeling stuck with no answers? Everyone is unique and everyone starts at a different place in therapy. Everyone deserves an individualized approach to care. I believe in meeting the person where they are at. If you have negative beliefs, past trauma, and addictions that keep you in a state of uncertainty then lets work to together to create a safe, supportive space for you to talk through areas that are keeping you stuck. I’ll be there to listen to you, guide you, challenge you, and support you along the way.
See more therapy options for Williamsburg
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in Williamsburg, KY
< 10
Therapists in Williamsburg, KY who prioritize treating:
100% | Anxiety |
67% | Relationship Issues |
67% | Depression |
67% | Addiction |
67% | Domestic Abuse |
67% | Grief |
67% | Parenting |
Average years in practice
12 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
100% | Aetna |
100% | Humana |
100% | UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH |
How Therapists in Williamsburg, KY see their clients
100% | In Person and Online |
Gender breakdown
100% | Female |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in Williamsburg?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.