Therapists in Louisville, KY

View neighborhoods in Louisville
Photo of Hazel D Parrish - Bridge the Gap Addiction and Mental Health Service, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MS, LCADC, LAACD
Bridge the Gap Addiction and Mental Health Service
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MS, LCADC, LAACD
Louisville, KY 40202
We place special emphasis on all addiction disorders moderate and chronic issues. We specialize in non-medical detoxification that place emphasis's on spirituality. We promote abstinence by providing individualized treatment plans, family education, legal resources, local community resources, and Twelve Step groups. We provide other valuable classes court ordered domestic violence (men & women), driver under the influence and marriage/relationship classes. We offer four hour marijuana education classes.
We place special emphasis on all addiction disorders moderate and chronic issues. We specialize in non-medical detoxification that place emphasis's on spirituality. We promote abstinence by providing individualized treatment plans, family education, legal resources, local community resources, and Twelve Step groups. We provide other valuable classes court ordered domestic violence (men & women), driver under the influence and marriage/relationship classes. We offer four hour marijuana education classes.
(502) 385-4219 View (502) 385-4219
Photo of Camille Phillips, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSSW
Camille Phillips
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSSW
Online Only
I believe that every individual and family has unique strengths, and my goal is to help you uncover and build on those strengths to navigate life’s challenges. Whether you’re working through anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, or major life transitions, I incorporate a variety of therapeutic techniques to provide flexibility and creativity in the healing process. Together, we’ll work to create a safe and open space where you can explore emotions, develop coping strategies, and find lasting growth.
I believe that every individual and family has unique strengths, and my goal is to help you uncover and build on those strengths to navigate life’s challenges. Whether you’re working through anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, or major life transitions, I incorporate a variety of therapeutic techniques to provide flexibility and creativity in the healing process. Together, we’ll work to create a safe and open space where you can explore emotions, develop coping strategies, and find lasting growth.
(502) 369-7138 View (502) 369-7138
Photo of Dorothy Hickerson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Dorothy Hickerson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Louisville, KY 40217
I am a licensed clinical social worker with more than 20 years of experience working with a diverse range of clients. I use a variety of therapy strategies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) help clients cope with various issues, to teach coping skills and aid in adapting to situations. DBT helps clients manage distressing emotions and is especially useful for those who have suffered trauma. Clients who are struggling come to therapy seeking answers. Those answers are within them, it is simply my job to help navigate through their journey. Clients are the experts in their own lives.
I am a licensed clinical social worker with more than 20 years of experience working with a diverse range of clients. I use a variety of therapy strategies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) help clients cope with various issues, to teach coping skills and aid in adapting to situations. DBT helps clients manage distressing emotions and is especially useful for those who have suffered trauma. Clients who are struggling come to therapy seeking answers. Those answers are within them, it is simply my job to help navigate through their journey. Clients are the experts in their own lives.
(502) 842-4770 View (502) 842-4770
Photo of Madison Malloy, Counselor, LPCA
Madison Malloy
Counselor, LPCA
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40207
Are you looking for a fresh perspective and a deeper understanding in your therapeutic journey? With a strong commitment to guiding clients toward their best selves, I bring a blend of youthful energy and empathetic insight to therapy. My experience in residential and inpatient settings has equipped me to support individuals of all ages—especially children and adolescents—as they navigate the complexities of mental health. I truly love working with children and creating a space where they feel safe to explore, play, and express themselves.
Are you looking for a fresh perspective and a deeper understanding in your therapeutic journey? With a strong commitment to guiding clients toward their best selves, I bring a blend of youthful energy and empathetic insight to therapy. My experience in residential and inpatient settings has equipped me to support individuals of all ages—especially children and adolescents—as they navigate the complexities of mental health. I truly love working with children and creating a space where they feel safe to explore, play, and express themselves.
(502) 547-0277 View (502) 547-0277
Photo of Sally Faith DiGiovanni, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Sally Faith DiGiovanni
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40207
Therapy can be a powerful gift you give your self -especially when you're feeling stuck, overwhelmed or uncertain about next steps. Sometimes, simply having a compassionate and objective person to talk to can help you gain clarity and momentum. In our work together, I offer support, insight, and collaboration as we explore solutions, ease emotional distress, and identify patterns that may be holding you back. My approach is both grounded and intuitive, blending traditional talk therapy with a systems-based understanding of the unseen intergenerational influences that impact our lives.
Therapy can be a powerful gift you give your self -especially when you're feeling stuck, overwhelmed or uncertain about next steps. Sometimes, simply having a compassionate and objective person to talk to can help you gain clarity and momentum. In our work together, I offer support, insight, and collaboration as we explore solutions, ease emotional distress, and identify patterns that may be holding you back. My approach is both grounded and intuitive, blending traditional talk therapy with a systems-based understanding of the unseen intergenerational influences that impact our lives.
(502) 289-5977 View (502) 289-5977
Photo of Nancy Leigh Plymale, Art Therapist, MA, ATR-BC, LPAT
Nancy Leigh Plymale
Art Therapist, MA, ATR-BC, LPAT
Louisville, KY 40205
I absolutely am passionate about encouraging others to make the time to nurture their mental well being and health, across all ages and populations. Adding the expressive and creative techniques I am trained in, accelerates growth and change by tapping into the right part of the brain and provides a fun and creative way to problem solve and engage with each other. The sand tray, storytellling, and expessive arts are for all ages and no talent needed, just an open mind. Traditional talk therapy is always an option and I meet each client where they are at for that session.
I absolutely am passionate about encouraging others to make the time to nurture their mental well being and health, across all ages and populations. Adding the expressive and creative techniques I am trained in, accelerates growth and change by tapping into the right part of the brain and provides a fun and creative way to problem solve and engage with each other. The sand tray, storytellling, and expessive arts are for all ages and no talent needed, just an open mind. Traditional talk therapy is always an option and I meet each client where they are at for that session.
(502) 215-3346 View (502) 215-3346
Photo of Nicole A Clement - Bridge To Restoration LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, TF-CBT
Bridge To Restoration LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, TF-CBT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Taking the first step towards healing from childhood trauma can be challenging, but it's a powerful decision. If you're struggling with anxiety or depression and suspect it may be rooted in past experiences, you're not alone. At Bridge To Restoration, we offer compassionate online therapy for individuals (preteens to adults) residing in Kentucky and Indiana. We specialize in trauma-informed therapy utilizing CBT and narrative therapy to help you: Understand and process your past experiences. Manage difficult emotions like anger, sadness, and anxiety.
Taking the first step towards healing from childhood trauma can be challenging, but it's a powerful decision. If you're struggling with anxiety or depression and suspect it may be rooted in past experiences, you're not alone. At Bridge To Restoration, we offer compassionate online therapy for individuals (preteens to adults) residing in Kentucky and Indiana. We specialize in trauma-informed therapy utilizing CBT and narrative therapy to help you: Understand and process your past experiences. Manage difficult emotions like anger, sadness, and anxiety.
(270) 279-0034 View (270) 279-0034
Photo of Katie McCarthy, Art Therapist, MA, LPAT, ATR-BC
Katie McCarthy
Art Therapist, MA, LPAT, ATR-BC
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40208
I believe in relationship-driven therapy where the client is in the driver’s seat and I am the navigator, offering directions for pathways to healing, recovery and freedom. I am a passionate advocate and ally to those who have been abused, underserved, or marginalized and care deeply about individuals and groups working to find their voices and gain strength through therapy and other avenues of recovery. I am always looking to find common understanding with my client, and will strive to provide a holistic and respectful partnership with YOU! I believe everyone deserves the best life has to offer!
I believe in relationship-driven therapy where the client is in the driver’s seat and I am the navigator, offering directions for pathways to healing, recovery and freedom. I am a passionate advocate and ally to those who have been abused, underserved, or marginalized and care deeply about individuals and groups working to find their voices and gain strength through therapy and other avenues of recovery. I am always looking to find common understanding with my client, and will strive to provide a holistic and respectful partnership with YOU! I believe everyone deserves the best life has to offer!
(502) 317-2992 View (502) 317-2992
Photo of Joseph Kephart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Joseph Kephart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hello, I am Joe Kephart, LCSW, a licensed clinical social worker based in Lexington, Kentucky. I bring over 20 years of leadership experience and a strong background in mental health, social work, and supportive care. I’ve worked in private practice and healthcare settings, providing psychosocial assessments, treatment planning, and integrated care. I earned my Master of Social Work from the University of Kentucky, and I’m passionate about helping people navigate life’s challenges with compassion, collaboration, and practical support.
Hello, I am Joe Kephart, LCSW, a licensed clinical social worker based in Lexington, Kentucky. I bring over 20 years of leadership experience and a strong background in mental health, social work, and supportive care. I’ve worked in private practice and healthcare settings, providing psychosocial assessments, treatment planning, and integrated care. I earned my Master of Social Work from the University of Kentucky, and I’m passionate about helping people navigate life’s challenges with compassion, collaboration, and practical support.
(502) 205-4970 View (502) 205-4970
Photo of Jennifer Nance, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CSW
Jennifer Nance
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CSW
Louisville, KY 40220
I enjoy working with individuals, adolescents through seniors, of all gender identities, as well as couples and families; empowering clients and working towards overall well-being. My style of therapy is considered laid back and conversational but always tailored to what each individual needs and likes. Whether it be anxiety, grief processing, sexual & domestic/intimate partner violence, or caregiver support- I have something to offer everyone through traditional and holistic approaches. Additionally, I provide LGBTQ+ support and embrace alt-lifestyles.
I enjoy working with individuals, adolescents through seniors, of all gender identities, as well as couples and families; empowering clients and working towards overall well-being. My style of therapy is considered laid back and conversational but always tailored to what each individual needs and likes. Whether it be anxiety, grief processing, sexual & domestic/intimate partner violence, or caregiver support- I have something to offer everyone through traditional and holistic approaches. Additionally, I provide LGBTQ+ support and embrace alt-lifestyles.
(502) 289-0562 View (502) 289-0562
Photo of Maddy Rhyne, Pre-Licensed Professional, MSCFT
Maddy Rhyne
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSCFT
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40214
Welcome! I am a Marriage & Family Therapy Associate who enjoys working with adolescents, adults, older adults, couples, and families of all backgrounds. My approach to therapy centers on the idea that we are all deeply influenced by the world around us. At times, those pressures can become consuming. You may struggle to keep up and feel miles away from who you used to be, maybe who or where you hoped to be. You feel stuck in cycles that no longer serve you, your relationships, or accurately reflect what you value in life. You're ready for a change and are here, wanting to take a step toward a life you envision for yourself.
Welcome! I am a Marriage & Family Therapy Associate who enjoys working with adolescents, adults, older adults, couples, and families of all backgrounds. My approach to therapy centers on the idea that we are all deeply influenced by the world around us. At times, those pressures can become consuming. You may struggle to keep up and feel miles away from who you used to be, maybe who or where you hoped to be. You feel stuck in cycles that no longer serve you, your relationships, or accurately reflect what you value in life. You're ready for a change and are here, wanting to take a step toward a life you envision for yourself.
(502) 398-8863 View (502) 398-8863
Photo of Cha’Reme Poynter - Poynt of Origin Therapeutic Care & Consulting, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S, TCM
Poynt of Origin Therapeutic Care & Consulting, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S, TCM
Online Only
You are not broken — you are becoming. I believe healing begins at the intersection of truth, safety, and purpose. I provide a safe and empowering space for individuals navigating trauma, identity wounds, life transitions, and relational patterns that no longer serve them. Whether depression, addiction, unresolved trauma, marital woes or seeking emotional steadiness as a first responder. I am here to offer support and a judgment-free, solution-based environment. Trust the process.
You are not broken — you are becoming. I believe healing begins at the intersection of truth, safety, and purpose. I provide a safe and empowering space for individuals navigating trauma, identity wounds, life transitions, and relational patterns that no longer serve them. Whether depression, addiction, unresolved trauma, marital woes or seeking emotional steadiness as a first responder. I am here to offer support and a judgment-free, solution-based environment. Trust the process.
(502) 251-8921 View (502) 251-8921
Photo of Alicia Owens, Counselor, LPCC
Alicia Owens
Counselor, LPCC
Online Only
Hi there, I'm Alicia. Do you feel the pressure and stress of daily responsibilities? Having trouble balancing work, school, kids, bills, finances, relationships, parents, health, and time? Are you feeling overwhelmed, depressed, and anxious? Do you find it difficult to cope? Are you finding it hard to be kind to yourself? I help the tired and frazzled learn to relax and find balance and peace in their lives. Together, we can work on finding balance, relaxation and inner peace in your life.
Hi there, I'm Alicia. Do you feel the pressure and stress of daily responsibilities? Having trouble balancing work, school, kids, bills, finances, relationships, parents, health, and time? Are you feeling overwhelmed, depressed, and anxious? Do you find it difficult to cope? Are you finding it hard to be kind to yourself? I help the tired and frazzled learn to relax and find balance and peace in their lives. Together, we can work on finding balance, relaxation and inner peace in your life.
(502) 430-3736 View (502) 430-3736
Photo of Rhashmi Barber, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Rhashmi Barber
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Louisville, KY 40291
I’m a licensed mental health therapist with 10 years of experience. My focus is helping people navigate life’s challenges and discover their strengths. Life can feel overwhelming at times and just keeping up with everything can feel exhausting. You don’t have to do it alone. Therapy can be a space to pause, feel heard, and figure out your next steps.
I’m a licensed mental health therapist with 10 years of experience. My focus is helping people navigate life’s challenges and discover their strengths. Life can feel overwhelming at times and just keeping up with everything can feel exhausting. You don’t have to do it alone. Therapy can be a space to pause, feel heard, and figure out your next steps.
(502) 837-7640 View (502) 837-7640
Photo of Tera Hicks, Counselor, LCPC
Tera Hicks
Counselor, LCPC
Online Only
Hello! My name is Tera Hicks. I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Kentucky and Ohio. I am a very person centered, here and now therapist that believes in helping people achieve and become their best selves. I work well with individuals from all walks of life as I have struggled and fumbled in some of the same walks. I work well with anxiety and mood disorders, as well as have spent many years working in the addiction field. I am comfortable in working with anyone that is motivated to challenge their own biases.
Hello! My name is Tera Hicks. I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Kentucky and Ohio. I am a very person centered, here and now therapist that believes in helping people achieve and become their best selves. I work well with individuals from all walks of life as I have struggled and fumbled in some of the same walks. I work well with anxiety and mood disorders, as well as have spent many years working in the addiction field. I am comfortable in working with anyone that is motivated to challenge their own biases.
(502) 503-4143 View (502) 503-4143
Photo of Ashley Royles, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Ashley Royles
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hello, I’m Ashley Royles, LCSW. As a licensed clinical social worker, I specialize in supporting individuals through trauma and grief. My therapeutic approach is rooted in compassion and understanding, focusing on creating a safe space for healing. I believe in the power of connection and aim to empower my clients to navigate their emotions and experience, fostering resilience and personal growth. Together, we will work through the complexities of your journey, allowing you to find peace and purpose. My approach to providing therapy is based in trauma-informed care.
Hello, I’m Ashley Royles, LCSW. As a licensed clinical social worker, I specialize in supporting individuals through trauma and grief. My therapeutic approach is rooted in compassion and understanding, focusing on creating a safe space for healing. I believe in the power of connection and aim to empower my clients to navigate their emotions and experience, fostering resilience and personal growth. Together, we will work through the complexities of your journey, allowing you to find peace and purpose. My approach to providing therapy is based in trauma-informed care.
(502) 218-5317 View (502) 218-5317
Photo of Colgan Tyler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Colgan Tyler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40204
My treatment long specialized in work with young males, adult men and families in crisis, but has now broadened to working with all genders and stages of development. Using an eclectic approach, I give the client the support to tell their own story, help them in self-discovery and collaborate to change behaviors and thoughts within their realm of control. I believe all people need to be recognized and valued as creative, sovereign, powerful and emotional human beings. Please note: I co-own and operate a group practice, Mandala House, when you call the number in my profile, your call will be directed there. Thank you.
My treatment long specialized in work with young males, adult men and families in crisis, but has now broadened to working with all genders and stages of development. Using an eclectic approach, I give the client the support to tell their own story, help them in self-discovery and collaborate to change behaviors and thoughts within their realm of control. I believe all people need to be recognized and valued as creative, sovereign, powerful and emotional human beings. Please note: I co-own and operate a group practice, Mandala House, when you call the number in my profile, your call will be directed there. Thank you.
(502) 498-8610 View (502) 498-8610
Photo of Henry Lucas - Louisville Health and Healing, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Louisville Health and Healing
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Louisville, KY 40222
You’re here because you’re ready for change. You’ve done what you can on your own, and you’re ready to invest in therapy that actually helps you move forward — not just manage symptoms. At Louisville Health & Healing, we help individuals, professionals, couples, and families end painful cycles and create meaningful, lasting change.
You’re here because you’re ready for change. You’ve done what you can on your own, and you’re ready to invest in therapy that actually helps you move forward — not just manage symptoms. At Louisville Health & Healing, we help individuals, professionals, couples, and families end painful cycles and create meaningful, lasting change.
(502) 237-8453 View (502) 237-8453
Photo of Oddette A Parker-Chieco, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, NCC
Oddette A Parker-Chieco
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you feel exhausted, confused, overwhelmed, frustrated? Do you experience day to day challenges ? Do you have questions about life and how you could make it better? I believe it shouldn't be as challenging to live better. People can change, there is hope and answers to your questions. I offer a person centered, eclectic approach, focusing on your unique needs. I strive to create a safe and supportive environment where you can openly share your thoughts and feelings. We start with a consultation to identify your area(s) of concern and work together to formulate the best plan to address your needs.
Do you feel exhausted, confused, overwhelmed, frustrated? Do you experience day to day challenges ? Do you have questions about life and how you could make it better? I believe it shouldn't be as challenging to live better. People can change, there is hope and answers to your questions. I offer a person centered, eclectic approach, focusing on your unique needs. I strive to create a safe and supportive environment where you can openly share your thoughts and feelings. We start with a consultation to identify your area(s) of concern and work together to formulate the best plan to address your needs.
(502) 373-6940 View (502) 373-6940
Photo of Kristen Justice, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kristen Justice
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Louisville, KY 40222
Have you noticed your child or teen struggling with anxiety or overwhelming emotions that affect your home, their social engagements, and school performance? Overwhelming emotions and stress can shape the way we connect with ourselves, others, and the world around us, creating defensive patterns that keep us from living the lives we long for. I understand how tough it can be to see your child struggle, and I’m here to help. Therapy with me can address emotions that seem overwhelming, in a relational and playful style. I believe therapy can be fun and engaging, helping your child feel more confident and capable.
Have you noticed your child or teen struggling with anxiety or overwhelming emotions that affect your home, their social engagements, and school performance? Overwhelming emotions and stress can shape the way we connect with ourselves, others, and the world around us, creating defensive patterns that keep us from living the lives we long for. I understand how tough it can be to see your child struggle, and I’m here to help. Therapy with me can address emotions that seem overwhelming, in a relational and playful style. I believe therapy can be fun and engaging, helping your child feel more confident and capable.
View

See more therapy options for Louisville

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Louisville, KY

1,000+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Louisville, KY who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
85% Depression
71% Trauma and PTSD
66% Coping Skills
65% Self Esteem
60% Stress
58% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Aetna
67% Cigna and Evernorth
67% Anthem

How Therapists in Louisville, KY see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Louisville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.