Therapists in Ogden, KS

Photo of Jamie Guelker, MS, LCPC
Jamie Guelker
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ogden, KS 66517
My work with parents, children, and families so far has been some of the most rewarding work I've had the privilege of doing. During 5 years of experience working with children and their families in various contexts, I find that sometimes the focus shifts from changing behavior to repairing a connection to sometimes simply finding a new way to communicate. I find my expertise in helping children find their voice
My work with parents, children, and families so far has been some of the most rewarding work I've had the privilege of doing. During 5 years of experience working with children and their families in various contexts, I find that sometimes the focus shifts from changing behavior to repairing a connection to sometimes simply finding a new way to communicate. I find my expertise in helping children find their voice
(785) 268-7310 View (785) 268-7310
Photo of Marta Howe, PhD, Psychologist
Marta Howe
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ogden, KS 66517
Welcome to my private practice in west Manhattan. My office conveniently located close to restaurants and surrounding shopping area. I focus on adults from age 18 to 70+. Growing up in the Topeka area, I, Marta Howe, PhD., have been basically a Midwesterner. I have worked in Manhattan, KS almost 30 years since I got my PhD in Psychology from Kansas University. I see individuals with numerous disorders including depression, anxiety and relationship issues as well as couple issues.
Welcome to my private practice in west Manhattan. My office conveniently located close to restaurants and surrounding shopping area. I focus on adults from age 18 to 70+. Growing up in the Topeka area, I, Marta Howe, PhD., have been basically a Midwesterner. I have worked in Manhattan, KS almost 30 years since I got my PhD in Psychology from Kansas University. I see individuals with numerous disorders including depression, anxiety and relationship issues as well as couple issues.
(785) 250-8381 View (785) 250-8381
Photo of Chelsea Spencer - Chelsea Spencer Therapy LLC, PhD, LCMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Chelsea Spencer Therapy LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LCMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ogden, KS 66517
Waitlist for new clients
We all go through difficult times in our lives, and sometimes we need to reach out to others during these times. I am here to help you navigate any struggles that you may be experiencing. My goal is to provide a warm, safe environment for you to process your emotions, grieve, cope, and heal. I believe that everyone has strengths that we can build on in therapy, and my goal is to work with you to use these strengths to reach your goals.
We all go through difficult times in our lives, and sometimes we need to reach out to others during these times. I am here to help you navigate any struggles that you may be experiencing. My goal is to provide a warm, safe environment for you to process your emotions, grieve, cope, and heal. I believe that everyone has strengths that we can build on in therapy, and my goal is to work with you to use these strengths to reach your goals.
(785) 329-0599 View (785) 329-0599

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Calvin Shope, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Calvin Shope
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Manhattan, KS 66502
Struggling with life's challenges and need someone to truly hear and understand you? Hi, I'm Calvin, a licensed clinical social worker. I provide personalized therapy in a safe space where you can comfortably share your thoughts and emotions. My approach involves employing various therapies including Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, and Accelerated Resolution Therapy. Get in touch to begin your journey towards achieving personal growth.
Struggling with life's challenges and need someone to truly hear and understand you? Hi, I'm Calvin, a licensed clinical social worker. I provide personalized therapy in a safe space where you can comfortably share your thoughts and emotions. My approach involves employing various therapies including Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, and Accelerated Resolution Therapy. Get in touch to begin your journey towards achieving personal growth.
(785) 566-5623 View (785) 566-5623
Photo of Laura Gunderson, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laura Gunderson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Junction City, KS 66441
Hello, there! My name is Laura, and I am a queer clinician based in the Flint Hills, Kansas area. Whether you're an LGBTQIA+ person looking for an affirming and knowledgeable therapist, you're looking to learn and incorporate coping skills and therapeutic techniques in your everyday life, or you desire a safe space to process with someone who will empathetically and non-judgmentally listen - I am eager to hear your story and work with you to meet your personalized treatment goals. I offer therapeutic services with Curtis-Baker Therapeutic Services via telehealth, and in-person out of our Junction City office.
Hello, there! My name is Laura, and I am a queer clinician based in the Flint Hills, Kansas area. Whether you're an LGBTQIA+ person looking for an affirming and knowledgeable therapist, you're looking to learn and incorporate coping skills and therapeutic techniques in your everyday life, or you desire a safe space to process with someone who will empathetically and non-judgmentally listen - I am eager to hear your story and work with you to meet your personalized treatment goals. I offer therapeutic services with Curtis-Baker Therapeutic Services via telehealth, and in-person out of our Junction City office.
(785) 333-9407 View (785) 333-9407
Photo of John Carlos Iglesias, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
John Carlos Iglesias
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Manhattan, KS 66502
Life can be difficult at times and it can be hard to deal with our struggles on our own. There is hope and I can help you find peace and happiness I know you deserve. My goal is to provide a safe, open environment where you can process your struggles and be genuinely heard. I believe therapy to be a collaborative process where my clients rewrite the negative thoughts, feelings, and stories they have about themselves and are empowered to create new, positive life experiences.
Life can be difficult at times and it can be hard to deal with our struggles on our own. There is hope and I can help you find peace and happiness I know you deserve. My goal is to provide a safe, open environment where you can process your struggles and be genuinely heard. I believe therapy to be a collaborative process where my clients rewrite the negative thoughts, feelings, and stories they have about themselves and are empowered to create new, positive life experiences.
(785) 310-3001 x1 View (785) 310-3001 x1
Photo of Angela Seward, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Angela Seward
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manhattan, KS 66502
Now, more than ever, we are understanding the long-term and pervasive effects that trauma can have on a person's well-being. Trauma can stem from a single violent traumatic event, or events that typically don't involve violence or disaster, but do create significant distress. Anxiety, fear, anger, irritability, depression, and hopelessness are a few emotions that can linger after distressing events, or lived experiences. I work with clients presenting with a range of trauma, past, and present. I provide collaborative & client-centered care that integrates physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual aspects of the human condition.
Now, more than ever, we are understanding the long-term and pervasive effects that trauma can have on a person's well-being. Trauma can stem from a single violent traumatic event, or events that typically don't involve violence or disaster, but do create significant distress. Anxiety, fear, anger, irritability, depression, and hopelessness are a few emotions that can linger after distressing events, or lived experiences. I work with clients presenting with a range of trauma, past, and present. I provide collaborative & client-centered care that integrates physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual aspects of the human condition.
(785) 376-6286 View (785) 376-6286
Photo of Teresa E Hernandez, LSCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Teresa E Hernandez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW
Verified Verified
Manhattan, KS 66502
As a professional psychotherapist, I offer tools to help you work through current and past rough experiences. También hablo español. Without judgment or shame, I offer a warm environment where you take an active role in releasing the past in order to shape the future you want. Especially now, it's clear to see that we all affect each other. With my grounded emotional energy, you're more able to find your way of letting go. Your goals are the main target of treatment. We work together to reach them. Visit my website at www.hdzcounseling.net for more info. Visite a mi sitio web www.hdzcounseling.net para ver más información.
As a professional psychotherapist, I offer tools to help you work through current and past rough experiences. También hablo español. Without judgment or shame, I offer a warm environment where you take an active role in releasing the past in order to shape the future you want. Especially now, it's clear to see that we all affect each other. With my grounded emotional energy, you're more able to find your way of letting go. Your goals are the main target of treatment. We work together to reach them. Visit my website at www.hdzcounseling.net for more info. Visite a mi sitio web www.hdzcounseling.net para ver más información.
(785) 376-0892 View (785) 376-0892
Photo of Jaime Gilbert, LSCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jaime Gilbert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW
Verified Verified
Manhattan, KS 66502
Not accepting new clients
Do you find yourself stuck in behaviors which confuse or frustrate you? Are there times you feel your mind is in conflict with itself, longing to achieve goals yet repeating self sabotaging behaviors. Are there people in your life you would like to have healthy boundaries with? Would you like to master tools to manage conflict in healthier ways? Would you like to develop skills to use in any relationships or situation that help you manage the emotional highs and lows of life? Do you believe it's possible to find your core self and navigate life with confidence, inner calm, and peace of mind?
Do you find yourself stuck in behaviors which confuse or frustrate you? Are there times you feel your mind is in conflict with itself, longing to achieve goals yet repeating self sabotaging behaviors. Are there people in your life you would like to have healthy boundaries with? Would you like to master tools to manage conflict in healthier ways? Would you like to develop skills to use in any relationships or situation that help you manage the emotional highs and lows of life? Do you believe it's possible to find your core self and navigate life with confidence, inner calm, and peace of mind?
(785) 630-5128 View (785) 630-5128
Photo of Tasha Morris - Therapeutic Journeys, LLC., LMSW, LMAC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Therapeutic Journeys, LLC.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, LMAC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Manhattan, KS 66503
Life is a journey, and sometimes, we need support throughout it. My name is Tasha Morris and I'm here to offer you that support, and to partner with you as we navigate toward accomplishing your mental health goals. Whether you are struggling in your interpersonal relationships, with anxiety or depression, or have more serious concerns, I'd like to walk beside you as we navigate your path to wellness together.
Life is a journey, and sometimes, we need support throughout it. My name is Tasha Morris and I'm here to offer you that support, and to partner with you as we navigate toward accomplishing your mental health goals. Whether you are struggling in your interpersonal relationships, with anxiety or depression, or have more serious concerns, I'd like to walk beside you as we navigate your path to wellness together.
(785) 369-9735 View (785) 369-9735
Photo of Jennifer S Colby, LSCSW, LCAC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer S Colby
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW, LCAC
Verified Verified
Manhattan, KS 66503
Have you been to one therapist after another and still have not found your person? Then, I might be the therapist for you. As a therapist, I am dedicated to creating a warm and supportive environment where my clients feel truly heard and understood. I am drawn to working with individuals who are ready to explore their challenges with compassion. I believe in the power of empathy and hope, and I am committed to walking alongside my clients as they navigate their personal journeys. This may occasionally involve exploring unconventional solutions and innovative thinking.
Have you been to one therapist after another and still have not found your person? Then, I might be the therapist for you. As a therapist, I am dedicated to creating a warm and supportive environment where my clients feel truly heard and understood. I am drawn to working with individuals who are ready to explore their challenges with compassion. I believe in the power of empathy and hope, and I am committed to walking alongside my clients as they navigate their personal journeys. This may occasionally involve exploring unconventional solutions and innovative thinking.
(785) 553-7319 View (785) 553-7319
Photo of Katrena Armstrong, LCPC, MSCP, Counselor
Katrena Armstrong
Counselor, LCPC, MSCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manhattan, KS 66502
Vessels of Change Counseling Services is a faith based, culturally responsive, safe space to gain victory over traumas, anxieties, life changes, and relationship challenges. Each relationship dynamic and each person is unique and will require a unique approach. My forward focused, direct style is tailored to meet the needs of each client and delivered with empathy.
Vessels of Change Counseling Services is a faith based, culturally responsive, safe space to gain victory over traumas, anxieties, life changes, and relationship challenges. Each relationship dynamic and each person is unique and will require a unique approach. My forward focused, direct style is tailored to meet the needs of each client and delivered with empathy.
(913) 521-8229 View (913) 521-8229
Photo of Mindi Kessler, PhD, LCMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Mindi Kessler
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LCMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manhattan, KS 66502
I am the author of the book Cycle Breaker: A Guide to Transcending Childhood Trauma. In my work with clients, I use what I have learned as a trauma therapist for 25 years to support people who want to get unstuck and create a life they love. Most people don’t realize they have suffered childhood trauma, but are confused why they are angry, anxious, depressed and have unfulfilling relationships. I help people connect the dots between their current struggles and their unprocessed wounds from the past. I don't just help people with symptoms, I help them get to the root cause of their suffering, so they can enjoy sustainable change.
I am the author of the book Cycle Breaker: A Guide to Transcending Childhood Trauma. In my work with clients, I use what I have learned as a trauma therapist for 25 years to support people who want to get unstuck and create a life they love. Most people don’t realize they have suffered childhood trauma, but are confused why they are angry, anxious, depressed and have unfulfilling relationships. I help people connect the dots between their current struggles and their unprocessed wounds from the past. I don't just help people with symptoms, I help them get to the root cause of their suffering, so they can enjoy sustainable change.
(785) 608-3321 View (785) 608-3321
Photo of Layne Njaa, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Layne Njaa
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manhattan, KS 66503
It’s incredibly brave to seek a deeper understanding of yourself and your experiences. My experience on both sides of the therapeutic relationship—both as a therapist and a client—has helped me create a supportive space where you can explore challenges at your own pace, knowing that you are the expert on your own life.
It’s incredibly brave to seek a deeper understanding of yourself and your experiences. My experience on both sides of the therapeutic relationship—both as a therapist and a client—has helped me create a supportive space where you can explore challenges at your own pace, knowing that you are the expert on your own life.
(785) 292-9236 View (785) 292-9236
Photo of Petunia M Monchusie, PhD, LCAC, LCPC, Counselor
Petunia M Monchusie
Counselor, PhD, LCAC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Manhattan, KS 66502
Petunia Monchusie, Ph.D., LCAC, LCPC is a Mental Health Professional with a doctors degree focusing on Exercise Psychology and Substance Abuse. She specializes in Substance Abuse and Behavioral Addictions, and Cooccurring disorders. She is also the founder of Healthy Recovery Options- a State Licensed Substance Abuse Outpatient Treatment Facility-which provides Drug and Alcohol Evaluations, DUI classes, Domestic Violence Evaluations, Batterers Intervention Program, all Other Assessments, and Individual, Couples, and Group Psychotherapy. Her international work experiences help her to work with a cultural diverse population 18 years and older.
Petunia Monchusie, Ph.D., LCAC, LCPC is a Mental Health Professional with a doctors degree focusing on Exercise Psychology and Substance Abuse. She specializes in Substance Abuse and Behavioral Addictions, and Cooccurring disorders. She is also the founder of Healthy Recovery Options- a State Licensed Substance Abuse Outpatient Treatment Facility-which provides Drug and Alcohol Evaluations, DUI classes, Domestic Violence Evaluations, Batterers Intervention Program, all Other Assessments, and Individual, Couples, and Group Psychotherapy. Her international work experiences help her to work with a cultural diverse population 18 years and older.
(913) 954-4612 View (913) 954-4612
Photo of Daniel Martin, LMSW, LMAC-t, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Daniel Martin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, LMAC-t
Verified Verified
Manhattan, KS 66505
As the founder of E.P.I.C. LLC, I am deeply committed to empowering individuals in their communities at pivotal moments. My passion lies in assisting those at a crossroads, ready to embark on a transformative journey toward self-discovery, resilience, and fulfillment. Utilizing an Eclectic therapy approach, I blend techniques from various therapeutic methods to fit your needs. This creates a safe space to explore, understand, and grow. My expertise equips me to guide you toward not just surviving but thriving in a life that's authentically yours. Let's connect if you seek a partner to navigate your path to a joyful, meaningful life.
As the founder of E.P.I.C. LLC, I am deeply committed to empowering individuals in their communities at pivotal moments. My passion lies in assisting those at a crossroads, ready to embark on a transformative journey toward self-discovery, resilience, and fulfillment. Utilizing an Eclectic therapy approach, I blend techniques from various therapeutic methods to fit your needs. This creates a safe space to explore, understand, and grow. My expertise equips me to guide you toward not just surviving but thriving in a life that's authentically yours. Let's connect if you seek a partner to navigate your path to a joyful, meaningful life.
(785) 508-1117 View (785) 508-1117
Photo of Cathie Bear, LMAC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Cathie Bear
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LMAC
Verified Verified
Manhattan, KS 66502
My focus is to help individuals heal, energize, and become aware of their inner strengths. I achieve this by providing a neutral safe space, listening to your concerns, and customizing a treatment plan.
My focus is to help individuals heal, energize, and become aware of their inner strengths. I achieve this by providing a neutral safe space, listening to your concerns, and customizing a treatment plan.
(785) 264-5878 View (785) 264-5878
Photo of Jesi Courser Downs, LSCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jesi Courser Downs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Manhattan, KS 66502
"It is better to light a candle than curse the darkness." This famous Eleanor Roosevelt quote can be applied to many situations. When we get stuck -- in a rut at work, in a stormy relationship, in a lukewarm marriage, with our children -- we suffer but are often pulled to focus on the problem rather than finding a solution. Sometimes, we're not aware of what the actual issue is. All we can do is try to avoid the pain, skirt problems, even pretend we are fine. We are blocked by fear -- another word for anxiety. Together, we can walk slowly through that fear, and find that light.
"It is better to light a candle than curse the darkness." This famous Eleanor Roosevelt quote can be applied to many situations. When we get stuck -- in a rut at work, in a stormy relationship, in a lukewarm marriage, with our children -- we suffer but are often pulled to focus on the problem rather than finding a solution. Sometimes, we're not aware of what the actual issue is. All we can do is try to avoid the pain, skirt problems, even pretend we are fine. We are blocked by fear -- another word for anxiety. Together, we can walk slowly through that fear, and find that light.
(844) 241-6968 x711 View (844) 241-6968 x711
Photo of Aimee Morin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Aimee Morin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Manhattan, KS 66502  (Online Only)
Saturday appointments available! I'm Aimee, a therapist specializing in trauma, anxiety, and depression. With an approach rooted in evidence-based practices, I offer tailored support to help you navigate the road road to recovery.
Saturday appointments available! I'm Aimee, a therapist specializing in trauma, anxiety, and depression. With an approach rooted in evidence-based practices, I offer tailored support to help you navigate the road road to recovery.
(860) 846-3491 View (860) 846-3491
Photo of Dr. Summer Vail, PhD, LCMFT, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dr. Summer Vail
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LCMFT, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Manhattan, KS 66502
Many of my clients come in to therapy wanting to overcome stress and hard emotions, or break painful patterns in their relationships. I often work with clients who have felt hurt by their relationships due to harsh words, addiction or leaving when they needed them. For many, the first goals involve understanding how others' actions have impacted them, and who they are outside of that impact. My goal is for clients to find clarity and feel empowered to choose for themselves their next step forward.
Many of my clients come in to therapy wanting to overcome stress and hard emotions, or break painful patterns in their relationships. I often work with clients who have felt hurt by their relationships due to harsh words, addiction or leaving when they needed them. For many, the first goals involve understanding how others' actions have impacted them, and who they are outside of that impact. My goal is for clients to find clarity and feel empowered to choose for themselves their next step forward.
(843) 905-7906 View (843) 905-7906

See more therapy options for Ogden

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Ogden, KS

< 10

Therapists in Ogden, KS who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
67% Relationship Issues
67% Bipolar Disorder
67% Coping Skills
67% Self Esteem
33% Child

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% BlueCross and BlueShield
50% Medicare
50% TRICARE

How Therapists in Ogden, KS see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Ogden?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.