Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Yafah Franco, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Yafah Franco
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94116
Unresolved conflicts, sadness, worries, relationship dissatisfaction, divorce, destructive behaviors, loss, trauma, or other adverse life experiences. These moments can torment the best of us. You are not alone. What you are going through now is a chapter in your book, but certainly not the whole story. You are looking for assistance in understanding yourself more deeply, ways to better cope with change and find the happiness, balance and calm you need.
Unresolved conflicts, sadness, worries, relationship dissatisfaction, divorce, destructive behaviors, loss, trauma, or other adverse life experiences. These moments can torment the best of us. You are not alone. What you are going through now is a chapter in your book, but certainly not the whole story. You are looking for assistance in understanding yourself more deeply, ways to better cope with change and find the happiness, balance and calm you need.
(628) 228-6516 View (628) 228-6516
Photo of Kimberly Garcia, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Kimberly Garcia
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
I imagine you found yourself here because there is something in your life you are seeking to overcome. I’m here to tell you that you don’t have to walk this journey alone. No matter what you’re going through, there is hope and change is possible. I honor and respect the strength and vulnerability it takes to seek help, to give pain space to heal, and to bravely step into growth. As a therapist, I truly love what I do and genuinely care about the people with whom I work. It’s my passion to come alongside others in the midst of their challenges and to help them live from a place of authenticity, empowerment, and self-awareness.
I imagine you found yourself here because there is something in your life you are seeking to overcome. I’m here to tell you that you don’t have to walk this journey alone. No matter what you’re going through, there is hope and change is possible. I honor and respect the strength and vulnerability it takes to seek help, to give pain space to heal, and to bravely step into growth. As a therapist, I truly love what I do and genuinely care about the people with whom I work. It’s my passion to come alongside others in the midst of their challenges and to help them live from a place of authenticity, empowerment, and self-awareness.
(310) 868-2302 View (310) 868-2302
Photo of Farrah Dalal, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Farrah Dalal, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
Finding a deeper connection to self, others, and life events is part of the work we will do together. Coming into an awareness of your own thoughts and developing compassionate understanding of yourself fosters a loving kindness practice that can go with you into any situation. It also will help you create ease in your body and mind that begins to put a pause on past or future thinking. And as we begin to learn how to drop into the present moment with what is we begin to bring the wonderment of life back into our realty.
Finding a deeper connection to self, others, and life events is part of the work we will do together. Coming into an awareness of your own thoughts and developing compassionate understanding of yourself fosters a loving kindness practice that can go with you into any situation. It also will help you create ease in your body and mind that begins to put a pause on past or future thinking. And as we begin to learn how to drop into the present moment with what is we begin to bring the wonderment of life back into our realty.
(510) 674-1102 View (510) 674-1102
Photo of Psychological Services Center @ CIIS, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Psychological Services Center @ CIIS
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
Are you experiencing a life transition, job change, or relationship break up? Perhaps you are feeling lonely or disconnected from the world around you. Having a professional to talk to during such times can be a great relief. PSC is a community mental health clinic providing psychotherapy to the San Francisco Bay Area community since 1997. We train California Institute of Integral Studies (CIIS) Clinical Psychology (PsyD) doctoral students. Our aim is to provide competent, compassionate, and affordable therapy to clients facing a diverse range of issues.
Are you experiencing a life transition, job change, or relationship break up? Perhaps you are feeling lonely or disconnected from the world around you. Having a professional to talk to during such times can be a great relief. PSC is a community mental health clinic providing psychotherapy to the San Francisco Bay Area community since 1997. We train California Institute of Integral Studies (CIIS) Clinical Psychology (PsyD) doctoral students. Our aim is to provide competent, compassionate, and affordable therapy to clients facing a diverse range of issues.
(415) 237-2520 View (415) 237-2520
Photo of Scott Moresi, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Scott Moresi
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
Hi! Thanks for considering me as your therapist. Whether you’re struggling with a past trauma or current anxiety, depression, or a major life transition, I’ve been helping people learn to live the best life possible for well over a decade. My interest in mental health began as a young adult after going through countless hours of unsuccessful therapy sessions and deciding there has to be a better way! Unfortunately, people often pick a therapist "out of a hat.” But successful counseling and psychotherapy is largely determined not only by a particular therapist’s expertise, but by the rapport and trust you develop with your therapist.
Hi! Thanks for considering me as your therapist. Whether you’re struggling with a past trauma or current anxiety, depression, or a major life transition, I’ve been helping people learn to live the best life possible for well over a decade. My interest in mental health began as a young adult after going through countless hours of unsuccessful therapy sessions and deciding there has to be a better way! Unfortunately, people often pick a therapist "out of a hat.” But successful counseling and psychotherapy is largely determined not only by a particular therapist’s expertise, but by the rapport and trust you develop with your therapist.
(415) 942-8038 View (415) 942-8038
Photo of Andrea Crapanzano, Ph.D, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Andrea Crapanzano, Ph.D
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
Are you feeling exhausted, lost, uncertain about who you are, who you want to become, and life's direction? Do you find yourself unsatisfied with your job or relationships, grappling with feelings of inadequacy, abandonment, and rejection? You're not alone. In therapy with me, you'll embark on a transformative journey to become an expert on YOU: your personality, your past, your needs and wants, the places you get stuck, and how to overcome painful feelings. You'll come to understand why you feel isolated and alone and that you're worthy and unique. You'll learn ways to make your relationships with others better and more satisfying.
Are you feeling exhausted, lost, uncertain about who you are, who you want to become, and life's direction? Do you find yourself unsatisfied with your job or relationships, grappling with feelings of inadequacy, abandonment, and rejection? You're not alone. In therapy with me, you'll embark on a transformative journey to become an expert on YOU: your personality, your past, your needs and wants, the places you get stuck, and how to overcome painful feelings. You'll come to understand why you feel isolated and alone and that you're worthy and unique. You'll learn ways to make your relationships with others better and more satisfying.
(415) 688-2484 View (415) 688-2484
Photo of Andrea Mar, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Andrea Mar
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
I create a compassionate space to help you connect with your true self, the life you want to live, and the relationships you want to have. Therapy is not always easy, but I’ll offer guidance and support. We’ll discuss strategies to help you develop more agency in life. With couples, my style is interactive and focused. I help partners recognize patterns that keep them “stuck”, teach strategies to cool down intense emotions, and communicate with intention.
I create a compassionate space to help you connect with your true self, the life you want to live, and the relationships you want to have. Therapy is not always easy, but I’ll offer guidance and support. We’ll discuss strategies to help you develop more agency in life. With couples, my style is interactive and focused. I help partners recognize patterns that keep them “stuck”, teach strategies to cool down intense emotions, and communicate with intention.
(510) 588-3125 View (510) 588-3125
Photo of Krishan Abeyatunge, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Krishan Abeyatunge
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
I'm a psychotherapist in private practice in San Francisco, CA and I'm adjunct faculty at California Institute of Integral Studies' graduate degree program for Integral Counseling Psychology. For more information: www.therapywithkrishan.com
I'm a psychotherapist in private practice in San Francisco, CA and I'm adjunct faculty at California Institute of Integral Studies' graduate degree program for Integral Counseling Psychology. For more information: www.therapywithkrishan.com
(415) 472-9651 View (415) 472-9651
Photo of Laura Hernandez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Laura Hernandez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
I am a therapist with over 15 years of experience working with children, adults, and families. I use an individualized approach with my clients as I recognize that everyone’s journey is different. I aim to create a safe environment by developing a trusting relationship in the therapeutic process. I work collaboratively with the clients to help them overcome stressors through self-growth and self-reflection. I focus on highlighting strengths and developing healthy ways of coping with life transitions.
I am a therapist with over 15 years of experience working with children, adults, and families. I use an individualized approach with my clients as I recognize that everyone’s journey is different. I aim to create a safe environment by developing a trusting relationship in the therapeutic process. I work collaboratively with the clients to help them overcome stressors through self-growth and self-reflection. I focus on highlighting strengths and developing healthy ways of coping with life transitions.
(415) 797-0238 View (415) 797-0238
Photo of Ask Alison Leigh, PHD, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Ask Alison Leigh, PHD, MFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94111  (Online Only)
The past 22 years I've seen an eclectic group of clientele: men, women & couples of any gender/orientation who want to improve their sexual lifestyle. I've helped men overcome ED through increasing their self confidence and women who want to feel more sexually in charge. I've seen over 25,000 couples throughout every stage of their relationship whether single, dating, married, or exploring and experimenting couples to ones who are curious how to stay together and keep the chemistry strong. My clients include stay at home moms, stressed out executives, artists, entrepreneurs & communities: LGBTQ, BDSM, & Transgender Families.
The past 22 years I've seen an eclectic group of clientele: men, women & couples of any gender/orientation who want to improve their sexual lifestyle. I've helped men overcome ED through increasing their self confidence and women who want to feel more sexually in charge. I've seen over 25,000 couples throughout every stage of their relationship whether single, dating, married, or exploring and experimenting couples to ones who are curious how to stay together and keep the chemistry strong. My clients include stay at home moms, stressed out executives, artists, entrepreneurs & communities: LGBTQ, BDSM, & Transgender Families.
(628) 226-1830 View (628) 226-1830
Photo of Daniela Carollo, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Daniela Carollo
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
I believe therapy works best when you feel a deepening in self-awareness and inner-strength. When this happens it often coincides with feeling connected and understood by me. This is the main pathway to meaningful and lasting changes. My approach is psychodynamic and my style is direct, collaborative, and playful. Difficult and challenging behaviors often result in feeling stagnated and trapped in an endless cycle. By unpacking the underlying dynamics that are driving these struggles, you will feel more freedom to reach your goals.
I believe therapy works best when you feel a deepening in self-awareness and inner-strength. When this happens it often coincides with feeling connected and understood by me. This is the main pathway to meaningful and lasting changes. My approach is psychodynamic and my style is direct, collaborative, and playful. Difficult and challenging behaviors often result in feeling stagnated and trapped in an endless cycle. By unpacking the underlying dynamics that are driving these struggles, you will feel more freedom to reach your goals.
(415) 592-5881 View (415) 592-5881
Photo of Gabriela Parra, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Gabriela Parra
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
Gabriela Parra is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has been practicing since 2007. She has a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from UCLA and a Master’s Degree in Social Welfare from UCLA. Gabriela has gained extensive experience in working with young children, adolescents, adults, and older adults over the past 16 years as a mental health therapist. She believes in using a warm, empathetic, and strengths-based approach along with light-hearted humor to foster trust, build therapeutic alliances, and facilitate deeper emotional work with clients.
Gabriela Parra is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has been practicing since 2007. She has a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from UCLA and a Master’s Degree in Social Welfare from UCLA. Gabriela has gained extensive experience in working with young children, adolescents, adults, and older adults over the past 16 years as a mental health therapist. She believes in using a warm, empathetic, and strengths-based approach along with light-hearted humor to foster trust, build therapeutic alliances, and facilitate deeper emotional work with clients.
(628) 266-4268 View (628) 266-4268
Photo of Lucy Salter, MFT, MIM, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Lucy Salter, MFT, MIM
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, MIM
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
I work with individuals, couples, and adolescents. My approach is warm, inviting, and client-centered. Each session, we begin with what's most present for you, following aliveness as it unfolds - moment-to-moment, wherever it leads. The process has its own intelligence and is highly trustworthy. You bring all of you - light and shadow, blessings and challenges, interests and needs - as well as whatever hurts, feels stuck, or is ready to be released or reclaimed. I bring all of me - presence and deep listening, non-judgment and curiosity, intuition, theory and tools. Together, we co-create ways of working that are unique to you.
I work with individuals, couples, and adolescents. My approach is warm, inviting, and client-centered. Each session, we begin with what's most present for you, following aliveness as it unfolds - moment-to-moment, wherever it leads. The process has its own intelligence and is highly trustworthy. You bring all of you - light and shadow, blessings and challenges, interests and needs - as well as whatever hurts, feels stuck, or is ready to be released or reclaimed. I bring all of me - presence and deep listening, non-judgment and curiosity, intuition, theory and tools. Together, we co-create ways of working that are unique to you.
(415) 908-1617 View (415) 908-1617
Photo of Frances Paola Mulcahy, Associate Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Frances Paola Mulcahy
Associate Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
As a therapist, my purpose is to accompany you on your path to healing. With a compassionate and flexible approach, I strive to create a warm and engaging therapeutic environment. Drawing from my personal experience as a therapy client and trauma survivor, I understand the importance of having a stable and consistent source of support. The path to healing is a remarkable yet intricate journey, and I want to offer you some practical skills that can help you thrive in spite of adversity.
As a therapist, my purpose is to accompany you on your path to healing. With a compassionate and flexible approach, I strive to create a warm and engaging therapeutic environment. Drawing from my personal experience as a therapy client and trauma survivor, I understand the importance of having a stable and consistent source of support. The path to healing is a remarkable yet intricate journey, and I want to offer you some practical skills that can help you thrive in spite of adversity.
(415) 918-6655 View (415) 918-6655
Photo of Cindy Shu, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Cindy Shu
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118  (Online Only)
As a therapist, I want to encourage others to reach out and experience the benefits of therapy. My therapeutic style is rooted in the belief that people are intrinsically valued and are deserving of fundamental human connection; to be seen, to be heard, and to be understood. These fundamental values hold the framework in how I work with the individual. I enjoy working with Asian American individuals who may have conflict with immigrant parents due to cultural and generational differences. Individuals who struggle with self-identity, and reconciling cultural issues and family dynamics.
As a therapist, I want to encourage others to reach out and experience the benefits of therapy. My therapeutic style is rooted in the belief that people are intrinsically valued and are deserving of fundamental human connection; to be seen, to be heard, and to be understood. These fundamental values hold the framework in how I work with the individual. I enjoy working with Asian American individuals who may have conflict with immigrant parents due to cultural and generational differences. Individuals who struggle with self-identity, and reconciling cultural issues and family dynamics.
(415) 202-5648 View (415) 202-5648
Photo of Kristina Holloway, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Kristina Holloway
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
We all experience challenges in life. At times, these can seem beyond our ability to handle. I would like to offer you my support. I welcome individuals and couples of all ages, backgrounds, and orientations into the therapeutic journey.
We all experience challenges in life. At times, these can seem beyond our ability to handle. I would like to offer you my support. I welcome individuals and couples of all ages, backgrounds, and orientations into the therapeutic journey.
(925) 492-7266 View (925) 492-7266
Photo of Sterling Walker, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Sterling Walker
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
Throughout our lives, we all have experienced feelings of depression, anxiety, and anger. These emotions leave you feeling insecure, shameful, lonely, unworthy and stuck in unhealthy patterns of behavior. Trauma can have negative emotional and physical effects and can lead to family/relationship issues. I specialize in solution-focused brief therapy, motivational interviewing, mindfulness and CBT. These approaches allow me to work with the client to decrease symptoms of anxiety and depression and other health/behavioral issues.
Throughout our lives, we all have experienced feelings of depression, anxiety, and anger. These emotions leave you feeling insecure, shameful, lonely, unworthy and stuck in unhealthy patterns of behavior. Trauma can have negative emotional and physical effects and can lead to family/relationship issues. I specialize in solution-focused brief therapy, motivational interviewing, mindfulness and CBT. These approaches allow me to work with the client to decrease symptoms of anxiety and depression and other health/behavioral issues.
(415) 980-8479 View (415) 980-8479
Photo of Dustyn Salomon, Associate Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Dustyn Salomon
Associate Marriage & Family Therapist, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94117
I am committed to guiding individuals towards building healthier relationships and habits in every aspect of their life. My holistic approach focuses on addressing and exploring the relational and behavioral patterns that impact mental health. I believe that every person has the inherent capacity to make positive changes in their life, and sometimes it just takes the right support and guidance to take the first step towards growth.
I am committed to guiding individuals towards building healthier relationships and habits in every aspect of their life. My holistic approach focuses on addressing and exploring the relational and behavioral patterns that impact mental health. I believe that every person has the inherent capacity to make positive changes in their life, and sometimes it just takes the right support and guidance to take the first step towards growth.
(650) 719-7580 View (650) 719-7580
Farzana Bland
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
Is life becoming unmanageable? Looking for real answers? Seeking the best group of clinicians who accept your insurance? Welcome to WellPsyche Medical Group! WellPsyche providers are experts in Wellness and Mental Health. Our providers take a Thoughtful, Practical, and Caring approach to therapy and can help you balance your life. WellPsyche is also a leader in Telemedicine. Now you can visit with your provider from the privacy and convenience of your home or work.
Is life becoming unmanageable? Looking for real answers? Seeking the best group of clinicians who accept your insurance? Welcome to WellPsyche Medical Group! WellPsyche providers are experts in Wellness and Mental Health. Our providers take a Thoughtful, Practical, and Caring approach to therapy and can help you balance your life. WellPsyche is also a leader in Telemedicine. Now you can visit with your provider from the privacy and convenience of your home or work.
(415) 688-7052 View (415) 688-7052
Photo of Bay Area Center for Adolescents, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Bay Area Center for Adolescents
Psychologist
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
We at the Bay Area Center for Adolescents understand that adolescence can be a difficult time for preteens, teens, young adults, and parents. On the one hand, adolescents are learning to manage life on their own and wanting more independence, but on the other hand, they may not be prepared for the responsibilities of life or realizing the consequences of their actions. We work with adolescents and their families to navigate this difficult time while helping adolescents to become independent, but still maintain the relationship with family. The Bay Area Center for Adolescents is a group of providers who all know how to connect with adolescents and their families and provide effective therapy.
We at the Bay Area Center for Adolescents understand that adolescence can be a difficult time for preteens, teens, young adults, and parents. On the one hand, adolescents are learning to manage life on their own and wanting more independence, but on the other hand, they may not be prepared for the responsibilities of life or realizing the consequences of their actions. We work with adolescents and their families to navigate this difficult time while helping adolescents to become independent, but still maintain the relationship with family. The Bay Area Center for Adolescents is a group of providers who all know how to connect with adolescents and their families and provide effective therapy.
(415) 594-4958 View (415) 594-4958

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.