Therapists in Westlake, OH

Photo of Sylvia Viola, Counselor in Westlake, OH
Sylvia Viola
Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Westlake, OH 44145
I have always been interested in human behavior, how the brain works, and how thoughts affect our behaviors. I am passionate about helping and guiding others to learn new and healthier ways to cope with negative thoughts. I have more than 17 years of experience and specializes in adults with anxiety, depression, major life changes, schizophrenia, and bipolar, dissociative, eating, obsessive-compulsive, personality, and post-traumatic stress disorders. I utilize cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and motivational interviewing.
I have always been interested in human behavior, how the brain works, and how thoughts affect our behaviors. I am passionate about helping and guiding others to learn new and healthier ways to cope with negative thoughts. I have more than 17 years of experience and specializes in adults with anxiety, depression, major life changes, schizophrenia, and bipolar, dissociative, eating, obsessive-compulsive, personality, and post-traumatic stress disorders. I utilize cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and motivational interviewing.
(440) 553-8864 View (440) 553-8864
Photo of Jess Sudik, LPC Intern in Westlake, OH
Jess Sudik
LPC Intern, CT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Do you feel like you experience emotions more intensely than others? If you find yourself becoming overwhelmed with your emotions you’re not alone- most of us have been there! By reaching out and working with me, we will work together to find the best coping skills to regulate your emotions. I strive to provide an environment in which you can feel safe to be yourself. Taking the first step and reaching out can be hard, but things can get better and I am here to help.
Do you feel like you experience emotions more intensely than others? If you find yourself becoming overwhelmed with your emotions you’re not alone- most of us have been there! By reaching out and working with me, we will work together to find the best coping skills to regulate your emotions. I strive to provide an environment in which you can feel safe to be yourself. Taking the first step and reaching out can be hard, but things can get better and I am here to help.
(440) 510-3679 View (440) 510-3679
Photo of Amanda Bihari, Counselor in Westlake, OH
Amanda Bihari
Counselor, MA, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
I am a licensed professional clinical counselor with supervisory designation. I have over 12 years of professional mental health experience & have worked in a variety of settings, including: youth residential treatment facilities, IOPs, community based agencies, school settings & private practice. My specialties include the diagnosis & treatment of anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, trauma related disorders, personality disorders, adjustment disorders & grief. I offer diagnostic assessments and empirically based treatment for children, adolescents, and adults.
I am a licensed professional clinical counselor with supervisory designation. I have over 12 years of professional mental health experience & have worked in a variety of settings, including: youth residential treatment facilities, IOPs, community based agencies, school settings & private practice. My specialties include the diagnosis & treatment of anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, trauma related disorders, personality disorders, adjustment disorders & grief. I offer diagnostic assessments and empirically based treatment for children, adolescents, and adults.
(440) 276-4782 View (440) 276-4782
Photo of Ellie Mental Health - Westlake, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Westlake, OH
Ellie Mental Health - Westlake
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Westlake, OH 44145
At Ellie Mental Health, we want you to feel as comfy as possible when you're with us. We have created a team of clinicians with various specialities, including EMDR therapy, to support clients of all ages on their mental health and wellness journeys.
At Ellie Mental Health, we want you to feel as comfy as possible when you're with us. We have created a team of clinicians with various specialities, including EMDR therapy, to support clients of all ages on their mental health and wellness journeys.
(440) 529-2871 View (440) 529-2871
Photo of Pamela Neumann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Westlake, OH
Pamela Neumann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Hi there! If you come see me you will find I offer hope, acceptance, kindness, compassion and insight with 25 plus years of experience with practical, down to earth psychosocial therapy and excellent listening skills. I offer psychoeducation on topics like domestic violence, work place bullying, coping skills for anxiety and depression, psychiatric referrals as needed for medication assisted treatment. I offer insight and practical solutions into parenting and communication with teenagers, as well as working with clients to improve self worth.
Hi there! If you come see me you will find I offer hope, acceptance, kindness, compassion and insight with 25 plus years of experience with practical, down to earth psychosocial therapy and excellent listening skills. I offer psychoeducation on topics like domestic violence, work place bullying, coping skills for anxiety and depression, psychiatric referrals as needed for medication assisted treatment. I offer insight and practical solutions into parenting and communication with teenagers, as well as working with clients to improve self worth.
(440) 588-8581 View (440) 588-8581
Photo of Lana Amawi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Westlake, OH
Lana Amawi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Looking for a therapist to fulfill your needs is not an easy task when you are ready to face some difficult issues. Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, depressed or needing direction with personal or professional relationships? I will help to teach you the necessary tools to healthier relationships, greater mental well-being, becoming more efficient at home and work and finally have a more positive outlook on the future. These tools are priceless and when used can demonstrate almost immediate results.
Looking for a therapist to fulfill your needs is not an easy task when you are ready to face some difficult issues. Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, depressed or needing direction with personal or professional relationships? I will help to teach you the necessary tools to healthier relationships, greater mental well-being, becoming more efficient at home and work and finally have a more positive outlook on the future. These tools are priceless and when used can demonstrate almost immediate results.
(248) 302-1074 View (248) 302-1074
Photo of Taylor Pace, Licensed Professional Counselor in Westlake, OH
Taylor Pace
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145  (Online Only)
Hello! I’m Taylor, an LPC with years of experience and specialized training. I believe in the resilience of the human spirit! I view therapy sessions as a team effort between the client and myself to explore what works best for you as a unique individual. In our sessions together, you can expect a safe space where your feelings are validated, your experiences are acknowledged, and your personal growth is nurtured. I utilize evidence-based therapeutic techniques combined with genuine empathy to help you unlock your potential for healing and happiness.
Hello! I’m Taylor, an LPC with years of experience and specialized training. I believe in the resilience of the human spirit! I view therapy sessions as a team effort between the client and myself to explore what works best for you as a unique individual. In our sessions together, you can expect a safe space where your feelings are validated, your experiences are acknowledged, and your personal growth is nurtured. I utilize evidence-based therapeutic techniques combined with genuine empathy to help you unlock your potential for healing and happiness.
(564) 224-2739 View (564) 224-2739
Photo of Jacqueline Cerda, Pre-Licensed Professional in Westlake, OH
Jacqueline Cerda
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
I am a graduate student working to earn my Master of Social Work from Case Western Reserve University. I earned my Bachelor of Arts in Communication Studies from California State University, Stanislaus in 2020. My previous work experience includes case management at the Ohio Center for Survivors of Torture where I worked closely with refugees and asylum seeking people. My goal is to provide a safe, comfortable environment where the client feels empowered in their therapeutic journey. I believe that the therapeutic process is a collaborative one and I will work with you to identify what your needs and goals for therapy are. I hope t
I am a graduate student working to earn my Master of Social Work from Case Western Reserve University. I earned my Bachelor of Arts in Communication Studies from California State University, Stanislaus in 2020. My previous work experience includes case management at the Ohio Center for Survivors of Torture where I worked closely with refugees and asylum seeking people. My goal is to provide a safe, comfortable environment where the client feels empowered in their therapeutic journey. I believe that the therapeutic process is a collaborative one and I will work with you to identify what your needs and goals for therapy are. I hope t
(440) 636-8485 View (440) 636-8485
Photo of Hannah Mansell, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Westlake, OH
Hannah Mansell
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MEd, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Westlake, OH 44145
As you leave our sessions, I strive to leave you feeling valued, accepted, and heard. To me, it is of the utmost importance to build genuine and trusting relationships with clients. This creates the foundation for healing. Together we will unpack what is getting in the way of you functioning at your best and determine a path forward. I will help you to connect with your feelings, build upon your strengths, reconstruct limiting beliefs, and determine which coping strategies make sense for you. Through our work together, you will gain a deeper understanding of yourself and learn to honor your most authentic you.
As you leave our sessions, I strive to leave you feeling valued, accepted, and heard. To me, it is of the utmost importance to build genuine and trusting relationships with clients. This creates the foundation for healing. Together we will unpack what is getting in the way of you functioning at your best and determine a path forward. I will help you to connect with your feelings, build upon your strengths, reconstruct limiting beliefs, and determine which coping strategies make sense for you. Through our work together, you will gain a deeper understanding of yourself and learn to honor your most authentic you.
(440) 538-1815 View (440) 538-1815
Photo of Dr. Chase Morgan-Swaney, Counselor in Westlake, OH
Dr. Chase Morgan-Swaney
Counselor, LPCC-S, NCC, CCMHC, ACS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Waitlist for new clients
This work is hard, so let's work with ourselves instead of against ourselves for a change, shall we? My intention is to show up for you as you grow in your capacity to show up for yourself and others. Practice makes permanent, not perfect. I am an LGBTQ+ affirmative clinical counselor who engages in mutually empathic, growth-fostering, and compassion-centric relationships that empower diverse folks to meet their mental health, wellness, education, and career goals. Both through our work together and as a result of it, we will foster a renewed zest for life, self-worth, clarity, creativity, and a desire for meaningful connection.
This work is hard, so let's work with ourselves instead of against ourselves for a change, shall we? My intention is to show up for you as you grow in your capacity to show up for yourself and others. Practice makes permanent, not perfect. I am an LGBTQ+ affirmative clinical counselor who engages in mutually empathic, growth-fostering, and compassion-centric relationships that empower diverse folks to meet their mental health, wellness, education, and career goals. Both through our work together and as a result of it, we will foster a renewed zest for life, self-worth, clarity, creativity, and a desire for meaningful connection.
(440) 490-5368 View (440) 490-5368
Photo of Megan Carcioppolo, Counselor in Westlake, OH
Megan Carcioppolo
Counselor, CT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Hello! My name is Megan, and I am a graduate student at Walsh University working towards a master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Prior to pursuing counseling, I had a career as a professional ballet dancer. My background in ballet has instilled in me an appreciation for the intricate connection between the mind and the body, shaping my therapeutic approach to encompass a holistic perspective.
Hello! My name is Megan, and I am a graduate student at Walsh University working towards a master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Prior to pursuing counseling, I had a career as a professional ballet dancer. My background in ballet has instilled in me an appreciation for the intricate connection between the mind and the body, shaping my therapeutic approach to encompass a holistic perspective.
(440) 760-0703 View (440) 760-0703
Photo of Beyond Healthcare-Westlake, OH-Opening in April! in Westlake, OH
Beyond Healthcare-Westlake, OH-Opening in April!
LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Westlake, OH 44145
Opening in April! No Wait! Call today at 440- 616-7783 to get enrolled! Beyond Healthcare specializes in full-day and afterschool mental health programs, we support youth navigating complex emotional and behavioral challenges. Our comprehensive programs cater to adolescents struggling with issues like ODD, ADHD, depression, anxiety, and more. By offering both diagnosis and targeted treatment, we ensure each youth receives the personalized care they need in a structured, nurturing environment.
Opening in April! No Wait! Call today at 440- 616-7783 to get enrolled! Beyond Healthcare specializes in full-day and afterschool mental health programs, we support youth navigating complex emotional and behavioral challenges. Our comprehensive programs cater to adolescents struggling with issues like ODD, ADHD, depression, anxiety, and more. By offering both diagnosis and targeted treatment, we ensure each youth receives the personalized care they need in a structured, nurturing environment.
(330) 574-8647 View (330) 574-8647
Photo of Gina Maiolo, Licensed Professional Counselor in Westlake, OH
Gina Maiolo
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Whether you are struggling with relationship difficulties, life transitions, issues at work, or feeling overrun by your own thoughts, you do not have to face your struggles alone. I understand that making the decision to meet with a counselor can feel stressful, overwhelming, or even scary at first. My goal is to make that transition as smooth as possible by creating a safe, nonjudgmental environment where you feel understood and supported.
Whether you are struggling with relationship difficulties, life transitions, issues at work, or feeling overrun by your own thoughts, you do not have to face your struggles alone. I understand that making the decision to meet with a counselor can feel stressful, overwhelming, or even scary at first. My goal is to make that transition as smooth as possible by creating a safe, nonjudgmental environment where you feel understood and supported.
(440) 671-1755 View (440) 671-1755
Photo of Nicholas S Karageorge, Licensed Professional Counselor in Westlake, OH
Nicholas S Karageorge
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
There are no shortages of challenges in life, no lack of stressors that we must endure and no absence of difficult times during our time on this beautiful planet. So give yourself the time to process the struggles you have endured, to open up about the obstacles you are currently facing, and to prepare and gain the tools necessary to overcome the challenges that await you in the future. My only goal is to help you succeed in life in whatever way, shape, or form that looks like, and to act as an ally, advocate, motivator, and mentor during these difficult times.
There are no shortages of challenges in life, no lack of stressors that we must endure and no absence of difficult times during our time on this beautiful planet. So give yourself the time to process the struggles you have endured, to open up about the obstacles you are currently facing, and to prepare and gain the tools necessary to overcome the challenges that await you in the future. My only goal is to help you succeed in life in whatever way, shape, or form that looks like, and to act as an ally, advocate, motivator, and mentor during these difficult times.
(440) 379-1522 View (440) 379-1522
Photo of Grace Mullen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Westlake, OH
Grace Mullen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Everyone has mental health and deserves to have a space to learn, grow, and access coping skills in their own mental health journey. I believe that everyone is the expert of their own lives and as a counselor, it is important to work as a team with my clients to reach their own mental health and wellness goals. I believe that all feelings are valid and it is important not only to have these feelings validated by others, but that it is also important to be able to validate our own feelings as well.
Everyone has mental health and deserves to have a space to learn, grow, and access coping skills in their own mental health journey. I believe that everyone is the expert of their own lives and as a counselor, it is important to work as a team with my clients to reach their own mental health and wellness goals. I believe that all feelings are valid and it is important not only to have these feelings validated by others, but that it is also important to be able to validate our own feelings as well.
(440) 276-3701 View (440) 276-3701
Photo of Dr. Kelsey Jager, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Westlake, OH
Dr. Kelsey Jager
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, PhD, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Sometimes, things fall apart seemingly all at once. A relationship ends, a job is lost. You are diagnosed with a health problem or sustain a debilitating injury. Other times, things gradually build to feel like you are being slowly buried alive. You have trouble falling asleep because you dread waking up the next day. You are no longer enjoying life, seeing it as a series of obstacles to “get through”. Detached, hollowed out, energetically drained, and wondering how many more days you can live like this. If you are feeling stuck, ready for a change and greater clarity, I will dedicate myself to your cause.
Sometimes, things fall apart seemingly all at once. A relationship ends, a job is lost. You are diagnosed with a health problem or sustain a debilitating injury. Other times, things gradually build to feel like you are being slowly buried alive. You have trouble falling asleep because you dread waking up the next day. You are no longer enjoying life, seeing it as a series of obstacles to “get through”. Detached, hollowed out, energetically drained, and wondering how many more days you can live like this. If you are feeling stuck, ready for a change and greater clarity, I will dedicate myself to your cause.
(440) 762-6877 View (440) 762-6877
Photo of Hannah Middleton, Counselor in Westlake, OH
Hannah Middleton
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
One of the hardest struggles in life can be trying to learn how to navigate the world when something is lost. Facing the reality that we as humans have to grieve losses can be excruciating – whether the loss be of a loved one, relationship, or simply your sense of belonging in this world. Life-altering changes are inevitable parts of the human condition, but this doesn't make them any less painful. Realizing the impermanence of all things can be difficult to bear. You may find yourself in denial – trying your hardest to avoid and shut things out; becoming distant and disconnected. How does one find meaning when the meaning is gone?
One of the hardest struggles in life can be trying to learn how to navigate the world when something is lost. Facing the reality that we as humans have to grieve losses can be excruciating – whether the loss be of a loved one, relationship, or simply your sense of belonging in this world. Life-altering changes are inevitable parts of the human condition, but this doesn't make them any less painful. Realizing the impermanence of all things can be difficult to bear. You may find yourself in denial – trying your hardest to avoid and shut things out; becoming distant and disconnected. How does one find meaning when the meaning is gone?
(440) 294-6163 View (440) 294-6163
Photo of Shannon Wright, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Westlake, OH
Shannon Wright
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145  (Online Only)
Life is too short to move through it with excess stressors and problems that weigh us down. As a therapist, my goal is to help people resolve their issues and carry lighter loads, to live a more meaningful, fulfilled existence. My role in a clients life is to be a mirror; to reflect light on their story so that they can process and deal with their issues, while having someone to walk beside them in guidance.
Life is too short to move through it with excess stressors and problems that weigh us down. As a therapist, my goal is to help people resolve their issues and carry lighter loads, to live a more meaningful, fulfilled existence. My role in a clients life is to be a mirror; to reflect light on their story so that they can process and deal with their issues, while having someone to walk beside them in guidance.
(440) 791-2438 View (440) 791-2438
Photo of Jamiee Imbrogno, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Westlake, OH
Jamiee Imbrogno
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Jamiee has worked with domestic violence, substance abuse, at risk children, and trauma survivors. Jamiee has a passion for providing compassionate and empathetic support to the individuals in which she serves. Jamiee has expertise in working with domestic violence survivors, personality disorders, trauma related disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, behavioral disorders, and individuals who are experiencing grief and/or loss.
Jamiee has worked with domestic violence, substance abuse, at risk children, and trauma survivors. Jamiee has a passion for providing compassionate and empathetic support to the individuals in which she serves. Jamiee has expertise in working with domestic violence survivors, personality disorders, trauma related disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, behavioral disorders, and individuals who are experiencing grief and/or loss.
(440) 548-1779 View (440) 548-1779
Photo of Doreen Di Fiore, Psychologist in Westlake, OH
Doreen Di Fiore
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Are you tired of struggling in a relationship? Are you trying to cope with a major loss or change in your life? Relationships are hard and often disappointing. No one gets through life without encountering emotional pain, loss and challenges. It can be overwhelming to try dealing with tough times all on your own. I am passionate about helping people, both individuals and couples, get through difficult times and improve the overall quality of their lives.
Are you tired of struggling in a relationship? Are you trying to cope with a major loss or change in your life? Relationships are hard and often disappointing. No one gets through life without encountering emotional pain, loss and challenges. It can be overwhelming to try dealing with tough times all on your own. I am passionate about helping people, both individuals and couples, get through difficult times and improve the overall quality of their lives.
(440) 750-2511 View (440) 750-2511

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Westlake, OH

200+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Westlake, OH who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
92% Depression
81% Coping Skills
79% Self Esteem
77% Relationship Issues
76% Stress
69% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

92% Medical Mutual
84% Aetna
83% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Westlake, OH see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

87% Female
12% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Westlake?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.