Therapists in Hermosa Beach, CA

Photo of Zachary Ruff, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Hermosa Beach, CA
Zachary Ruff
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hermosa Beach, CA 90254
There's a way out. Give me a call and let's talk! I focus on building a safe and trusting relationship with my clients. From this relationship the process of change and growth occurs. I work well with adolescents and adults who are dealing with interpersonal relationships, or phase of life struggles. I am experienced working with any stage of addiction or recovery. My clients comment on how easy they feel it is to "open-up" with me. I believe that this is due to the fact that I am open and honest with my clients, refusing to hide who I am behind silence, or simply treating them like "patients".
There's a way out. Give me a call and let's talk! I focus on building a safe and trusting relationship with my clients. From this relationship the process of change and growth occurs. I work well with adolescents and adults who are dealing with interpersonal relationships, or phase of life struggles. I am experienced working with any stage of addiction or recovery. My clients comment on how easy they feel it is to "open-up" with me. I believe that this is due to the fact that I am open and honest with my clients, refusing to hide who I am behind silence, or simply treating them like "patients".
(310) 564-8853 View (310) 564-8853
Photo of Alyson Hinz, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Hermosa Beach, CA
Alyson Hinz
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Hermosa Beach, CA 90254  (Online Only)
Welcome! I am Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor who uses a creative and integrative approach to keep you engaged in therapy. I look forward to providing you a safe place to start setting achievable goals! My primary platform is teletherapy, which I believe can offer can offer flexibility, whether you are a college student looking for a session in between classes, experiencing transportation issues, or seeking solace in your own home. Therapy can be great place to start exploring your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors with no judgment or bias.
Welcome! I am Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor who uses a creative and integrative approach to keep you engaged in therapy. I look forward to providing you a safe place to start setting achievable goals! My primary platform is teletherapy, which I believe can offer can offer flexibility, whether you are a college student looking for a session in between classes, experiencing transportation issues, or seeking solace in your own home. Therapy can be great place to start exploring your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors with no judgment or bias.
(424) 955-6014 View (424) 955-6014
Photo of Taylor Glaspie-Walton, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Hermosa Beach, CA
Taylor Glaspie-Walton
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
Hermosa Beach, CA 90254
Taylor is a clinician with research and clinical experience that focuses on high performance in sport and in life. His primary clinical focus is performance in sport through positive psychology, as well as improving the overall mental health of clients of all ages. Taylor has gained experience working with children, adolescents and young adults dealing with issues of anxiety, depression, PTSD, suicidal ideation, grief, and loss. He also has experience working in trauma and sexual assault and domestic abuse. Taylor's current research interest is anxiety's effects on athletes and approaches to improving performance and well-being.
Taylor is a clinician with research and clinical experience that focuses on high performance in sport and in life. His primary clinical focus is performance in sport through positive psychology, as well as improving the overall mental health of clients of all ages. Taylor has gained experience working with children, adolescents and young adults dealing with issues of anxiety, depression, PTSD, suicidal ideation, grief, and loss. He also has experience working in trauma and sexual assault and domestic abuse. Taylor's current research interest is anxiety's effects on athletes and approaches to improving performance and well-being.
(424) 544-8361 View (424) 544-8361
Photo of Samantha Calvillo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hermosa Beach, CA
Samantha Calvillo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Hermosa Beach, CA 90254
I welcome women who are ready to reclaim control over their lives and actively engage in the process of unlearning obstacles that may hinder their happiness. My ideal client is someone who is ready to embrace change and embark on a journey of healing. Typically, she may be grappling with challenges related to trauma, anxiety, stress, navigating her Latina identity, or navigating stressful life transitions. Together, we can navigate these complexities and work towards a path of empowerment and growth.
I welcome women who are ready to reclaim control over their lives and actively engage in the process of unlearning obstacles that may hinder their happiness. My ideal client is someone who is ready to embrace change and embark on a journey of healing. Typically, she may be grappling with challenges related to trauma, anxiety, stress, navigating her Latina identity, or navigating stressful life transitions. Together, we can navigate these complexities and work towards a path of empowerment and growth.
(310) 455-8094 View (310) 455-8094
Photo of Stacy Knupfer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Hermosa Beach, CA
Stacy Knupfer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Hermosa Beach, CA 90254
Everyone has battles to fight and hurdles to overcome. Whether you struggle with anxiety, depression, self-esteem, marital issues, parenting concerns, or anything else--you should know that there is a better way to manage your life. Supporting mothers throughout the stages of motherhood is something I hold close to my heart. I am also extremely passionate about my work with teen girls, especially those who struggle with academic pressures. I facilitate two girls' group each week that focuses on friendships, self-esteem, self-care, and coping skills for middle and high school.
Everyone has battles to fight and hurdles to overcome. Whether you struggle with anxiety, depression, self-esteem, marital issues, parenting concerns, or anything else--you should know that there is a better way to manage your life. Supporting mothers throughout the stages of motherhood is something I hold close to my heart. I am also extremely passionate about my work with teen girls, especially those who struggle with academic pressures. I facilitate two girls' group each week that focuses on friendships, self-esteem, self-care, and coping skills for middle and high school.
(747) 203-0897 View (747) 203-0897
Photo of Carol Ellis Wood, Marriage & Family Therapist in Hermosa Beach, CA
Carol Ellis Wood
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Hermosa Beach, CA 90254
You are not alone. You don't have to deal with your current situation without help whether it is hopelessness, anxiety, pain, grief, loss or indecision. If you feel alone in your marriage or life isn't what you imagined and you don't know what you can do to get relief from those sinking, lost or frantic feelings, there are answers. Life can change quite quickly. I am a Reiki Master Teacher so I am more able to tune into the needs of my clients on many levels. Eighteen years with TWA gave me an understanding of airline issues and that population too. I was on the board of directors of Project Touch in Hermosa Beach and CAMFT SB/LB.
You are not alone. You don't have to deal with your current situation without help whether it is hopelessness, anxiety, pain, grief, loss or indecision. If you feel alone in your marriage or life isn't what you imagined and you don't know what you can do to get relief from those sinking, lost or frantic feelings, there are answers. Life can change quite quickly. I am a Reiki Master Teacher so I am more able to tune into the needs of my clients on many levels. Eighteen years with TWA gave me an understanding of airline issues and that population too. I was on the board of directors of Project Touch in Hermosa Beach and CAMFT SB/LB.
(310) 889-0716 View (310) 889-0716
Photo of Natalie Baker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hermosa Beach, CA
Natalie Baker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Hermosa Beach, CA 90254  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with experience in residential, partial hospitalization programs, and outpatient levels of care. I have worked with diverse populations within community-based and private settings, primarily treating anxiety, depression, life transitions, personal growth, and women’s issues. My therapeutic style is warm, collaborative, and person-centered as we all have unique backgrounds and needs.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with experience in residential, partial hospitalization programs, and outpatient levels of care. I have worked with diverse populations within community-based and private settings, primarily treating anxiety, depression, life transitions, personal growth, and women’s issues. My therapeutic style is warm, collaborative, and person-centered as we all have unique backgrounds and needs.
(310) 861-9981 View (310) 861-9981
Photo of Kelly Hayes, Marriage & Family Therapist in Hermosa Beach, CA
Kelly Hayes
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Hermosa Beach, CA 90254
Many people look for something beyond the question, “How does that make you feel?” I hope my sessions can not only act as a sounding board, but also provide a safe space to unload, explore and develop solutions to life’s problems. While my approach to therapy is empathic and compassionate, it is also direct and directive. My goal is to help clients identify the root of potential issues and work collaboratively to construct a solution. It is essential to feel safe and comfortable in your therapeutic journey. The client/therapist relationship, built on mutual trust, is the catalyst needed for change.
Many people look for something beyond the question, “How does that make you feel?” I hope my sessions can not only act as a sounding board, but also provide a safe space to unload, explore and develop solutions to life’s problems. While my approach to therapy is empathic and compassionate, it is also direct and directive. My goal is to help clients identify the root of potential issues and work collaboratively to construct a solution. It is essential to feel safe and comfortable in your therapeutic journey. The client/therapist relationship, built on mutual trust, is the catalyst needed for change.
(424) 397-2739 View (424) 397-2739
Photo of Sepideh H Bassi, Psychologist in Hermosa Beach, CA
Sepideh H Bassi
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Hermosa Beach, CA 90254
Congratulations on taking an important step toward living a healthier and happier life. I believe everyone has the potential to achieve all they desire but sometimes different situations prevent us from accomplishing our goals. Experiencing many challenges and overcoming obstacles have taught me that life is a complicated yet fascinating adventure and having the right tools along the way could ease the journey. In my practice I provide support and guidance to my clients and help them learn new strategies to overcome hurdles, achieve their goals, and find their paths.
Congratulations on taking an important step toward living a healthier and happier life. I believe everyone has the potential to achieve all they desire but sometimes different situations prevent us from accomplishing our goals. Experiencing many challenges and overcoming obstacles have taught me that life is a complicated yet fascinating adventure and having the right tools along the way could ease the journey. In my practice I provide support and guidance to my clients and help them learn new strategies to overcome hurdles, achieve their goals, and find their paths.
(310) 945-2391 View (310) 945-2391
Photo of Margaret Mae Chen South Bay Child & Family Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Hermosa Beach, CA
Margaret Mae Chen South Bay Child & Family Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, JD, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hermosa Beach, CA 90254
Do anxiety, fear, guilt, shame, or anger limit you from relating and living fully? Are you facing adversity, at a crossroads, or worried about yourself or a loved one? Are you feeling disconnected, dissatisfied, and stuck? Do you need individual, couples, or family therapy? If you answered yes to any of these questions, know that you are not alone. With courage, compassion, and curiosity, you can adapt, transform, and overcome the circumstances that prevent you from living your best life.
Do anxiety, fear, guilt, shame, or anger limit you from relating and living fully? Are you facing adversity, at a crossroads, or worried about yourself or a loved one? Are you feeling disconnected, dissatisfied, and stuck? Do you need individual, couples, or family therapy? If you answered yes to any of these questions, know that you are not alone. With courage, compassion, and curiosity, you can adapt, transform, and overcome the circumstances that prevent you from living your best life.
(424) 233-1711 View (424) 233-1711
Photo of Kayla Ribeiro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hermosa Beach, CA
Kayla Ribeiro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Hermosa Beach, CA 90254  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I have helped many individuals and families by using a collaborative and holistic approach to therapy in order to create an environment that feels safe, nurturing, and supportive. We will work together to identify patterns and behaviors that no longer serve a purpose in your life and replace them with new ways of coping. I practice from a strengths-based approach in order to empower you to make the changes necessary to feel more fulfilled and at peace with your life. Through our work together my hope is you will find more joy, purpose, and clarity in your life.
I have helped many individuals and families by using a collaborative and holistic approach to therapy in order to create an environment that feels safe, nurturing, and supportive. We will work together to identify patterns and behaviors that no longer serve a purpose in your life and replace them with new ways of coping. I practice from a strengths-based approach in order to empower you to make the changes necessary to feel more fulfilled and at peace with your life. Through our work together my hope is you will find more joy, purpose, and clarity in your life.
(310) 943-1079 View (310) 943-1079
Photo of Helena Brown, Registered Psychological Associate in Hermosa Beach, CA
Helena Brown
Registered Psychological Associate, MS, PsyD
Verified Verified
Hermosa Beach, CA 90254
We have the capacity to influence and create events. My clinical work is guided by helping you resolve internal conflict that will lead to a more gratifying life through increasing interpersonal effectiveness, authenticity, and meaning. I use brief solution-focused therapeutic approaches to address anxiety, depression, trauma, and grief. I also focus on addiction recovery and on helping clients heal from their past. I will work with you to emphasize self-worth, empowerment, and insight to help you understand the genesis of your symptoms and how to best begin to heal them.
We have the capacity to influence and create events. My clinical work is guided by helping you resolve internal conflict that will lead to a more gratifying life through increasing interpersonal effectiveness, authenticity, and meaning. I use brief solution-focused therapeutic approaches to address anxiety, depression, trauma, and grief. I also focus on addiction recovery and on helping clients heal from their past. I will work with you to emphasize self-worth, empowerment, and insight to help you understand the genesis of your symptoms and how to best begin to heal them.
(310) 620-6423 View (310) 620-6423
Photo of Chad Brinderson, Psychologist in Hermosa Beach, CA
Chad Brinderson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Hermosa Beach, CA 90254
I enjoy working with people of all ages from young children to adults. Because I have been practicing for 25+ years, I have a certain amount of expertise in a number of areas. I think you will find me to be kind, thoughtful, and able to help you understand what is troubling you and what steps you can take to make a change. My goal is help people to feel understood, valued, and challenged to make positive changes.
I enjoy working with people of all ages from young children to adults. Because I have been practicing for 25+ years, I have a certain amount of expertise in a number of areas. I think you will find me to be kind, thoughtful, and able to help you understand what is troubling you and what steps you can take to make a change. My goal is help people to feel understood, valued, and challenged to make positive changes.
(310) 861-6865 View (310) 861-6865
Photo of Rachel Cole, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hermosa Beach, CA
Rachel Cole
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SEP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Hermosa Beach, CA 90254
Dwell in the possibility of what your life can be...It is my belief that you can create anything you want for yourself or your life. This may seem overwhelming, scary & exciting all at the same time, but it is possible! I provide a safe space where we can explore the patterns in your life & the situations that stop you. We all get stuck sometimes, usually by a combination of ourselves & our circumstances. In order to see more clearly we need help to step back & put our life into perspective. I can provide that help.
Dwell in the possibility of what your life can be...It is my belief that you can create anything you want for yourself or your life. This may seem overwhelming, scary & exciting all at the same time, but it is possible! I provide a safe space where we can explore the patterns in your life & the situations that stop you. We all get stuck sometimes, usually by a combination of ourselves & our circumstances. In order to see more clearly we need help to step back & put our life into perspective. I can provide that help.
(310) 737-8643 View (310) 737-8643
Photo of Vanessa Ramirez, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Hermosa Beach, CA
Vanessa Ramirez
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Hermosa Beach, CA 90254
Hi there! I enjoy working with individuals of all ages, couples, or families who are willing to begin or continue their therapeutic journey. I service clients from all walks of life who are wanting help untangling the difficult challenges that come with being a human.
Hi there! I enjoy working with individuals of all ages, couples, or families who are willing to begin or continue their therapeutic journey. I service clients from all walks of life who are wanting help untangling the difficult challenges that come with being a human.
(424) 262-3414 View (424) 262-3414
Photo of Theresa Goldstein, LPC Intern in Hermosa Beach, CA
Theresa Goldstein
LPC Intern, MA, APCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Hermosa Beach, CA 90254
Clients who work with me might struggle with anxiety, depression, chronic illness/ autoimmune issues, trauma due to relational/family dynamics, OCD, and grief and loss. I provide expressive arts therapy and talk therapy for all ages including mindful parenting support for adults and re-parenting and parts work for teens and adults.
Clients who work with me might struggle with anxiety, depression, chronic illness/ autoimmune issues, trauma due to relational/family dynamics, OCD, and grief and loss. I provide expressive arts therapy and talk therapy for all ages including mindful parenting support for adults and re-parenting and parts work for teens and adults.
(310) 582-5307 View (310) 582-5307
Irene Berlin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
Hermosa Beach, CA 90254
I am an experienced,supportive therapist helping clients find their own answers. I have been in practice for over 20 years and work with seniors,couples and young women.One of my areas of specialty is working with women who are dealing with postpartum depression.
I am an experienced,supportive therapist helping clients find their own answers. I have been in practice for over 20 years and work with seniors,couples and young women.One of my areas of specialty is working with women who are dealing with postpartum depression.
(310) 299-8179 View (310) 299-8179
Photo of Alexis Maron: Mental Fitness and Performance in Hermosa Beach, CA
Alexis Maron: Mental Fitness and Performance
MA, RDT, BCT, RADT
Verified Verified
Hermosa Beach, CA 90254  (Online Only)
The main reason why couples seek counseling is due to a communication breakdown that begins to dismantle an otherwise healthy relationship. Our primary need is to be understood, but if partners are using different modes of communication, there can be a disconnect. DT can provide the jump-start to help find the excitement and communication that couples experienced at the beginning of a relationship, and the common ground that can build a stronger place from which to build trust. In learning more about the roles we play, DT offers partners the opportunity to gain greater insight about themselves and about their problems in relationships.
The main reason why couples seek counseling is due to a communication breakdown that begins to dismantle an otherwise healthy relationship. Our primary need is to be understood, but if partners are using different modes of communication, there can be a disconnect. DT can provide the jump-start to help find the excitement and communication that couples experienced at the beginning of a relationship, and the common ground that can build a stronger place from which to build trust. In learning more about the roles we play, DT offers partners the opportunity to gain greater insight about themselves and about their problems in relationships.
(323) 289-2220 View (323) 289-2220
Photo of Erika Garza, Marriage & Family Therapist in Hermosa Beach, CA
Erika Garza
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Hermosa Beach, CA 90254
How can I help you accomplish your mental and emotional goals? Let's chat, let's get to the root of the issue, let's talk about why you're thinking of making this phone call. We all need someone to process the hardships at some point in our lives. I am here to provide a safe, holistic, and authentic environment for you to unravel whatever it is that is weighing on you. Let's release the pain, the hurt, the self-doubt, and discover your potential.
How can I help you accomplish your mental and emotional goals? Let's chat, let's get to the root of the issue, let's talk about why you're thinking of making this phone call. We all need someone to process the hardships at some point in our lives. I am here to provide a safe, holistic, and authentic environment for you to unravel whatever it is that is weighing on you. Let's release the pain, the hurt, the self-doubt, and discover your potential.
(855) 921-4978 View (855) 921-4978
Photo of Steve Gratwick, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hermosa Beach, CA
Steve Gratwick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Hermosa Beach, CA 90254  (Online Only)
Everyone faces challenges with anxiety, grief, depression or reduced self-esteem at times. I am here to provide caring, empathetic and structured support for when you’re dealing with these issues. You may also want to build upon the progress you’ve made in the past, but finding yourself stuck or without focus. Learning the triggers, tools and strategies to better understand and help manage these hurdles when they come up can have a lasting and positive impact. I look forward to listening to what matters to you, and together developing and supporting your path towards renewed balance and wellness.
Everyone faces challenges with anxiety, grief, depression or reduced self-esteem at times. I am here to provide caring, empathetic and structured support for when you’re dealing with these issues. You may also want to build upon the progress you’ve made in the past, but finding yourself stuck or without focus. Learning the triggers, tools and strategies to better understand and help manage these hurdles when they come up can have a lasting and positive impact. I look forward to listening to what matters to you, and together developing and supporting your path towards renewed balance and wellness.
(424) 296-4529 View (424) 296-4529

See more therapy options for Hermosa Beach

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Hermosa Beach, CA

200+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in Hermosa Beach, CA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
90% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
69% Coping Skills
66% Trauma and PTSD
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

52% Aetna
46% Cigna and Evernorth
46% Other

How Therapists in Hermosa Beach, CA see their clients

81% In Person and Online
19% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Hermosa Beach?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.