Therapists in Edmonds, WA

Photo of Sam Sundberg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Edmonds, WA
Sam Sundberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Edmonds, WA 98020  (Online Only)
I work with youth (13+) and adults providing LGBTQIA+ affirming mental health therapy focusing anxiety, depression, chronic illness, life transitions, relationship navigation, and trauma. heard. If you feel tired or fed up with your current situation or even the state of the world, I want to work with you. If you need to set yourself free from what's holding you back, I want to work with you. Liberation is knowing yourself - being able to see the structures that form our society, how those structures either prop you up or suppress you.
I work with youth (13+) and adults providing LGBTQIA+ affirming mental health therapy focusing anxiety, depression, chronic illness, life transitions, relationship navigation, and trauma. heard. If you feel tired or fed up with your current situation or even the state of the world, I want to work with you. If you need to set yourself free from what's holding you back, I want to work with you. Liberation is knowing yourself - being able to see the structures that form our society, how those structures either prop you up or suppress you.
(425) 559-9324 View (425) 559-9324
Photo of Mandi Woolsey, Counselor in Edmonds, WA
Mandi Woolsey
Counselor, LMHCA, MAEd
Verified Verified
Edmonds, WA 98026  (Online Only)
What a rough ride it's been over the last several years....a real doozy! There are so many people struggling with feelings of overwhelm, stress, anger/rage, grief, disillusion, lack of trust, lack of safety, hopelessness, loneliness, anxiety....you name it! We all feel it at times but sometimes it gets to be too much for us to handle on our own. We need to process our feelings, be heard, be seen, connect, and find our way through this maze of life. Does this sound like you? NO shame in that. We are human.
What a rough ride it's been over the last several years....a real doozy! There are so many people struggling with feelings of overwhelm, stress, anger/rage, grief, disillusion, lack of trust, lack of safety, hopelessness, loneliness, anxiety....you name it! We all feel it at times but sometimes it gets to be too much for us to handle on our own. We need to process our feelings, be heard, be seen, connect, and find our way through this maze of life. Does this sound like you? NO shame in that. We are human.
(425) 222-2147 View (425) 222-2147
Photo of Kevin Kyle Jacobson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Edmonds, WA
Kevin Kyle Jacobson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98026  (Online Only)
I AM ACCEPTING new clients . Welcome and thank you for considering me to be part of your change process in this phase of your journey. Life is full of peaks and valleys and each challenge along the way is an opportunity for growth. I take an eclectic approach to therapy working with you to gain an understanding of your unique strengths and struggles and what works best for you to make the necessary changes to improve your life. I have over 31 years of counseling experience working with individuals, couples and families in a multitude of settings.
I AM ACCEPTING new clients . Welcome and thank you for considering me to be part of your change process in this phase of your journey. Life is full of peaks and valleys and each challenge along the way is an opportunity for growth. I take an eclectic approach to therapy working with you to gain an understanding of your unique strengths and struggles and what works best for you to make the necessary changes to improve your life. I have over 31 years of counseling experience working with individuals, couples and families in a multitude of settings.
(425) 217-8871 View (425) 217-8871
Photo of Jan Santora-Farrar, Counselor in Edmonds, WA
Jan Santora-Farrar
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Edmonds, WA 98020  (Online Only)
Psychotherapy for individuals and groups regarding life issues: work, aging, health, relationships, finances, loss and grief, and experiencing the Self. I facilitate adaptation to ongoing living loss such as a medical diagnosis, forced estrangement, or the failing health of a beloved family member. Coping skills are formed early to survive in family-of-origin, which is a microcosm of the culture. As we age, these skills become less adaptive, causing pain. Successful transition through life involves changing ways of coping with life-enhancing skills, and building resilience through healing attachment issues and trauma.
Psychotherapy for individuals and groups regarding life issues: work, aging, health, relationships, finances, loss and grief, and experiencing the Self. I facilitate adaptation to ongoing living loss such as a medical diagnosis, forced estrangement, or the failing health of a beloved family member. Coping skills are formed early to survive in family-of-origin, which is a microcosm of the culture. As we age, these skills become less adaptive, causing pain. Successful transition through life involves changing ways of coping with life-enhancing skills, and building resilience through healing attachment issues and trauma.
(206) 569-4835 View (206) 569-4835
Photo of Elissa Dahl, Counselor in Edmonds, WA
Elissa Dahl
Counselor, MS, LMHCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98020
Not accepting new clients
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor Associate who is passionate about helping people access their own inner wisdom to create more peaceful and fulfilling relationships with their bodies and minds. I approach therapy from a person-centered, strengths-based and bio-psycho-social-spiritual perspective that is grounded in social justice, Health at Every Size®, and intersectional feminism. I view the therapeutic relationship as a collaborative journey, acknowledging that you are the expert of you and you have unique strengths that have helped you navigate the world.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor Associate who is passionate about helping people access their own inner wisdom to create more peaceful and fulfilling relationships with their bodies and minds. I approach therapy from a person-centered, strengths-based and bio-psycho-social-spiritual perspective that is grounded in social justice, Health at Every Size®, and intersectional feminism. I view the therapeutic relationship as a collaborative journey, acknowledging that you are the expert of you and you have unique strengths that have helped you navigate the world.
(206) 207-9301 View (206) 207-9301
Photo of Brielle Armstrong, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Edmonds, WA
Brielle Armstrong
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSWAIC, MSW
Verified Verified
Edmonds, WA 98020
Hi there! Wherever you are in your journey, I am happy you are here. I specialize in helping adolescents and adults in their recovery from anxiety, depression, trauma, ADHD, low self-esteem, life transitions, and other issues that can be challenging to face alone. Challenges come from many sources and I want to partner with you to identify problems and find solutions that will allow you to engage more fully in your life starting now.
Hi there! Wherever you are in your journey, I am happy you are here. I specialize in helping adolescents and adults in their recovery from anxiety, depression, trauma, ADHD, low self-esteem, life transitions, and other issues that can be challenging to face alone. Challenges come from many sources and I want to partner with you to identify problems and find solutions that will allow you to engage more fully in your life starting now.
(425) 440-3229 View (425) 440-3229
Photo of Niko Palacios, Marriage & Family Therapist in Edmonds, WA
Niko Palacios
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CMHS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98020
Sometimes we struggle to make meaning where life has thrown us a curveball: a death, a divorce, coming out, or even a pandemic. It’s overwhelming trying to bring order to chaos, at times having to impossibly reconcile competing truths. “It gets better” fails to appreciate the acute pain of the moment, only going so far in moving the needle towards hope. In an age where humans are increasingly polarized, buoyed by deeply held beliefs, there remains a need for something more than personal happiness alone. As a relational Therapist, I help clients find sustainable wellness; prioritizing relationship with self and others over ideology.
Sometimes we struggle to make meaning where life has thrown us a curveball: a death, a divorce, coming out, or even a pandemic. It’s overwhelming trying to bring order to chaos, at times having to impossibly reconcile competing truths. “It gets better” fails to appreciate the acute pain of the moment, only going so far in moving the needle towards hope. In an age where humans are increasingly polarized, buoyed by deeply held beliefs, there remains a need for something more than personal happiness alone. As a relational Therapist, I help clients find sustainable wellness; prioritizing relationship with self and others over ideology.
(206) 222-2942 View (206) 222-2942
Photo of Nolan Giesbers, Marriage & Family Therapist in Edmonds, WA
Nolan Giesbers
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98020
A large part of why I have chosen to be a counselor is to simply help those in need. Many people come to therapy wanting relief from life’s challenges, answers to hard questions, or simply to be seen by and connected to another. My hope is that by choosing to engage in therapy, you will be able to experience all the goodness that comes from being respected, valued, and cared for in a truly meaningful way.
A large part of why I have chosen to be a counselor is to simply help those in need. Many people come to therapy wanting relief from life’s challenges, answers to hard questions, or simply to be seen by and connected to another. My hope is that by choosing to engage in therapy, you will be able to experience all the goodness that comes from being respected, valued, and cared for in a truly meaningful way.
(425) 212-1364 x204 View (425) 212-1364 x204
Photo of Annie DeWaal, Counselor in Edmonds, WA
Annie DeWaal
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Edmonds, WA 98020
Therapy is a safe place to grieve what hurts and build hope for a life of thriving, not merely surviving. Together, we'll find ways to calm body and mind, connect with yourself and others, and move forward with intention. Our work together will be a safe place to be who you are. Healing, freedom, and wholeness are possible, and I would love to be a part of your journey.
Therapy is a safe place to grieve what hurts and build hope for a life of thriving, not merely surviving. Together, we'll find ways to calm body and mind, connect with yourself and others, and move forward with intention. Our work together will be a safe place to be who you are. Healing, freedom, and wholeness are possible, and I would love to be a part of your journey.
(206) 207-9015 View (206) 207-9015
Photo of Kyong I Yim, Counselor in Edmonds, WA
Kyong I Yim
Counselor, MEd, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98026  (Online Only)
As an Asian-American, my passion is to work alongside adults and couples from various cultures, navigating persistent worries, unhealthy thoughts, establish healthy boundaries and communication, identify causes including cultural burdens you might be carrying that leads to feeling stuck. Are you struggling in your marriage or relationships with others? Experiencing extreme anxiety and sadness you can't shake off, or unable to let go of unhealthy relationships? You might ask, "is something wrong with me? What's wrong with my marriage?" You are not alone. Allow me the opportunity to join you in your journey of healing and restoration.
As an Asian-American, my passion is to work alongside adults and couples from various cultures, navigating persistent worries, unhealthy thoughts, establish healthy boundaries and communication, identify causes including cultural burdens you might be carrying that leads to feeling stuck. Are you struggling in your marriage or relationships with others? Experiencing extreme anxiety and sadness you can't shake off, or unable to let go of unhealthy relationships? You might ask, "is something wrong with me? What's wrong with my marriage?" You are not alone. Allow me the opportunity to join you in your journey of healing and restoration.
(425) 249-3850 View (425) 249-3850
Photo of Sabrina Rood in Edmonds, WA
Sabrina Rood
EdD
Verified Verified
Edmonds, WA 98026
I welcome adult clients who are seeking support and encouragement as they face life's challenges. I am especially skilled and experienced at diagnostic assessment and supportive narrative therapy for adults with high-functioning autism or Asperger's. Many adults have wondered if they might be on the autism spectrum and seek a diagnosis later in life. I am happy to welcome those clients who want to explore spirituality within our work together. I am experienced in counseling GLBTQ clients and clients who identify as poly or kink. I enjoy working with bereaved parents and artists, musicians, and writers.
I welcome adult clients who are seeking support and encouragement as they face life's challenges. I am especially skilled and experienced at diagnostic assessment and supportive narrative therapy for adults with high-functioning autism or Asperger's. Many adults have wondered if they might be on the autism spectrum and seek a diagnosis later in life. I am happy to welcome those clients who want to explore spirituality within our work together. I am experienced in counseling GLBTQ clients and clients who identify as poly or kink. I enjoy working with bereaved parents and artists, musicians, and writers.
(206) 866-2984 View (206) 866-2984
Photo of Kailyn Haberman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Edmonds, WA
Kailyn Haberman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSWAIC
Verified Verified
Edmonds, WA 98020
I have experience and training helping individuals through eating disorders, trauma & PTSD, depression, and anxiety, as well as experience working with a wide range of psychological concerns, including self-esteem issues, self-harm behaviors, body dysmorphia, perfectionism, and life transitions.
I have experience and training helping individuals through eating disorders, trauma & PTSD, depression, and anxiety, as well as experience working with a wide range of psychological concerns, including self-esteem issues, self-harm behaviors, body dysmorphia, perfectionism, and life transitions.
(425) 517-3019 View (425) 517-3019
Photo of Elizabeth B Lyell, Counselor in Edmonds, WA
Elizabeth B Lyell
Counselor, CC, PhD
Verified Verified
Edmonds, WA 98026  (Online Only)
My overall aim is to offer warm, safe, thoughtful, caring support for you as you deal with whatever difficulties or challenges you are going through. You may be facing change, or the need for such. If you are experiencing insecurity, anxiety, fear, confusion, depression, turmoil, I can help. And if you are searching for new life direction and wish to develop greater confidence, self-awareness and intactness, I can help with this as well. I enjoy working with people and can offer you compassion, neutrality, wisdom, encouragement. If you wish to discover more about yourself and your situation, you have my support, please be in touch.
My overall aim is to offer warm, safe, thoughtful, caring support for you as you deal with whatever difficulties or challenges you are going through. You may be facing change, or the need for such. If you are experiencing insecurity, anxiety, fear, confusion, depression, turmoil, I can help. And if you are searching for new life direction and wish to develop greater confidence, self-awareness and intactness, I can help with this as well. I enjoy working with people and can offer you compassion, neutrality, wisdom, encouragement. If you wish to discover more about yourself and your situation, you have my support, please be in touch.
(425) 598-0831 View (425) 598-0831
Photo of Kyra Lindstrom, Counselor in Edmonds, WA
Kyra Lindstrom
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Edmonds, WA 98026
Kyra Lindstrom is a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 4 years of experience specializing in depressive, anxiety, and trauma-related disorders, recovery from an eating disorder, as well as life transitions and stressors. Kyra works with clients between the ages of 22 and 65+, and utilizes an integrative approach to meet the needs of the clients. In her clinical work, Kyra works to always keep the client at the center of care, adjusting approaches accordingly and creating a space of collaboration.
Kyra Lindstrom is a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 4 years of experience specializing in depressive, anxiety, and trauma-related disorders, recovery from an eating disorder, as well as life transitions and stressors. Kyra works with clients between the ages of 22 and 65+, and utilizes an integrative approach to meet the needs of the clients. In her clinical work, Kyra works to always keep the client at the center of care, adjusting approaches accordingly and creating a space of collaboration.
(425) 310-4180 View (425) 310-4180
Photo of Sadler-Bridges Wellness Group, Counselor in Edmonds, WA
Sadler-Bridges Wellness Group
Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC, LMHC, CCST-T
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98020
Now accepting new clients! It is an honor and a privilege to journey alongside you as we work towards understanding the barriers that are preventing you from meeting your goals. I work to create an authentically safe space where you can explore life's obstacles that are preventing you from meeting your goals. I am here to support you as you journey towards living the life you desire to live.
Now accepting new clients! It is an honor and a privilege to journey alongside you as we work towards understanding the barriers that are preventing you from meeting your goals. I work to create an authentically safe space where you can explore life's obstacles that are preventing you from meeting your goals. I am here to support you as you journey towards living the life you desire to live.
(425) 386-7562 View (425) 386-7562
Photo of Empowering Minds PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Edmonds, WA
Empowering Minds PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Edmonds, WA 98026  (Online Only)
My passion is to empower others to build self-confidence through therapy. Through self-confidence, you can learn how to care for yourself in ways that help you grow using self-compassion and maintain your mental health.
My passion is to empower others to build self-confidence through therapy. Through self-confidence, you can learn how to care for yourself in ways that help you grow using self-compassion and maintain your mental health.
(425) 528-8960 View (425) 528-8960
Photo of Honey Williams, Psychologist in Edmonds, WA
Honey Williams
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98020  (Online Only)
I work with clients within an attachment-based/relational framework, which posits that healing and transformation occurs through a safe, authentic, empathically attuned, and responsive therapeutic relationship. From this framework, I tend to integrate several different approaches to therapy. Common to each approach is an emphasis on increasing self-awareness and understanding of yourself, which includes your emotional and relational needs and how you go about trying to meet those needs in either helpful or unhelpful ways.
I work with clients within an attachment-based/relational framework, which posits that healing and transformation occurs through a safe, authentic, empathically attuned, and responsive therapeutic relationship. From this framework, I tend to integrate several different approaches to therapy. Common to each approach is an emphasis on increasing self-awareness and understanding of yourself, which includes your emotional and relational needs and how you go about trying to meet those needs in either helpful or unhelpful ways.
(425) 689-7517 View (425) 689-7517
Photo of Lisa Puishis, LICSW, LMHC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Edmonds, WA
Lisa Puishis, LICSW, LMHC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LMHC
Verified Verified
Edmonds, WA 98020
My therapeutic approach is psychodynamic and relational, which means I'm interested in helping you safely explore the ways in which your personal history, from early childhood onward, may still be influencing your emotions, coping patterns and relationships. I'll help you tend to your feelings and memories so that you'll come to know yourself better and develop the capacity for compassionate self-care. Throughout our time together, I'll pay special attention to our therapeutic connection, as I believe our relationship can serve as a rich resource for your authentic recovery and well-being.
My therapeutic approach is psychodynamic and relational, which means I'm interested in helping you safely explore the ways in which your personal history, from early childhood onward, may still be influencing your emotions, coping patterns and relationships. I'll help you tend to your feelings and memories so that you'll come to know yourself better and develop the capacity for compassionate self-care. Throughout our time together, I'll pay special attention to our therapeutic connection, as I believe our relationship can serve as a rich resource for your authentic recovery and well-being.
(206) 568-4560 View (206) 568-4560
Photo of Terry Green, Marriage & Family Therapist in Edmonds, WA
Terry Green
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98020
Couples or individuals struggling with conflict, stress, or overwhelming circumstances will find a safe place here to sort their thoughts and feelings about the issues while learning to repair and create deeper connections with loved ones. As a systems therapist, I understand the challenges of life transitions and help strengthen couple relationships and family cohesion and resilience through various life challenges. For clients struggling with past family of origin issues, we work to heal difficult memories. I help clients grow from brokenness, trauma, grief and loss to find healing, hope, peace and a new direction.
Couples or individuals struggling with conflict, stress, or overwhelming circumstances will find a safe place here to sort their thoughts and feelings about the issues while learning to repair and create deeper connections with loved ones. As a systems therapist, I understand the challenges of life transitions and help strengthen couple relationships and family cohesion and resilience through various life challenges. For clients struggling with past family of origin issues, we work to heal difficult memories. I help clients grow from brokenness, trauma, grief and loss to find healing, hope, peace and a new direction.
(206) 569-5580 View (206) 569-5580
Photo of Grant L Martin, Psychologist in Edmonds, WA
Grant L Martin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98020
Not accepting new clients
I have a specialty in the area of special needs of children and adolescents. This includes the identification and treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder, learning problems, anxiety and depression in children and adolescence. I have worked with over 10,000 children in my career, and have an extensive background in behavior problems, parent-child relationships, and family violence issues, including child sexual abuse. My personal Christian beliefs and values influence my perspective. At the same time, the beliefs and values of my clients are treated with respect. The therapeutic process should be characterized by openness and a collaborative attitude on both of our parts.
I have a specialty in the area of special needs of children and adolescents. This includes the identification and treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder, learning problems, anxiety and depression in children and adolescence. I have worked with over 10,000 children in my career, and have an extensive background in behavior problems, parent-child relationships, and family violence issues, including child sexual abuse. My personal Christian beliefs and values influence my perspective. At the same time, the beliefs and values of my clients are treated with respect. The therapeutic process should be characterized by openness and a collaborative attitude on both of our parts.
(425) 336-3398 View (425) 336-3398

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Edmonds, WA

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Edmonds, WA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
67% Grief
66% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Premera
62% Regence
55% First Choice Health | FCH

How Therapists in Edmonds, WA see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Edmonds?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.