Therapists in San Jose, CA

View neighborhoods in San Jose
Photo of Rachel Garfinkle Zioulas, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Rachel Garfinkle Zioulas
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95158  (Online Only)
Please note that I am licensed as a psychotherapist in California only, therefore you must physically be in the state of California during our teletherapy session. The magic of therapy is in thoughtful conversation; no more, no less. When things seem difficult, it helps to have someone to talk to who can remind you about your sense of meaning and purpose and remind you that you somehow got as far as you did!
Please note that I am licensed as a psychotherapist in California only, therefore you must physically be in the state of California during our teletherapy session. The magic of therapy is in thoughtful conversation; no more, no less. When things seem difficult, it helps to have someone to talk to who can remind you about your sense of meaning and purpose and remind you that you somehow got as far as you did!
(408) 722-3273 View (408) 722-3273
Photo of Sven Ohah, Psychologist in San Jose, CA
Sven Ohah
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95126
I believe in a compassionate approach to psychotherapy that combines valid and reliable assessments with a warm, focused attention to your emotional needs. As a clinical psychologist I can offer these objective measures of your cognitive abilities and personality traits, as well as ongoing weekly sessions tailored to provide you with active listening, understanding, and creative feedback. Working with adolescents and young adults are a particular focus of my practice.
I believe in a compassionate approach to psychotherapy that combines valid and reliable assessments with a warm, focused attention to your emotional needs. As a clinical psychologist I can offer these objective measures of your cognitive abilities and personality traits, as well as ongoing weekly sessions tailored to provide you with active listening, understanding, and creative feedback. Working with adolescents and young adults are a particular focus of my practice.
(408) 465-9955 View (408) 465-9955
Photo of Yessica Islas McLenegan, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Yessica Islas McLenegan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95125  (Online Only)
My specialities include working with depression, anxiety, PTSD, social anxiety, bipolar disorder, adjustment disorder, and stress. I have experience working with adults and young adults. I provide Individual therapy.
My specialities include working with depression, anxiety, PTSD, social anxiety, bipolar disorder, adjustment disorder, and stress. I have experience working with adults and young adults. I provide Individual therapy.
(408) 763-5195 View (408) 763-5195
Photo of Elizabeth Staggs, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Elizabeth Staggs
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95125
Hello, I'm Beth Elliott-Staggs, a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist. I've been providing individual, couples, and group therapy for over 20 years. I feel privileged to work in this field and am inspired by my clients' courage and growth. When providing therapy, my first goal is to build rapport with my client(s) by providing a safe, comfortable, and non-shaming environment. From there, I invited the client to guide the sessions and offered my wisdom and expertise if necessary. My belief is that we all have our own innate wisdom about how to heal if given the opportunity and support.
Hello, I'm Beth Elliott-Staggs, a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist. I've been providing individual, couples, and group therapy for over 20 years. I feel privileged to work in this field and am inspired by my clients' courage and growth. When providing therapy, my first goal is to build rapport with my client(s) by providing a safe, comfortable, and non-shaming environment. From there, I invited the client to guide the sessions and offered my wisdom and expertise if necessary. My belief is that we all have our own innate wisdom about how to heal if given the opportunity and support.
(408) 684-5693 View (408) 684-5693
Photo of Leticia Elias, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Jose, CA
Leticia Elias
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95123  (Online Only)
As an emotion-focused therapist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. If you're looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging situation or you're just ready to move in a new direction in your life, I look forward to working with you and/or your family to achieve your goals.
As an emotion-focused therapist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. If you're looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging situation or you're just ready to move in a new direction in your life, I look forward to working with you and/or your family to achieve your goals.
(562) 284-2202 View (562) 284-2202
Photo of Anthony Medaro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Jose, CA
Anthony Medaro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95124
The most common issues that people seek help with include: feelings of sadness or depression, excessive worry, fear or anxiety, drug and alcohol abuse, codependency, enhancing and fine tuning one’s recovery program, relationship issues, grief and loss of a loved one, surviving trauma, life change or transition decisions, cyber addiction, dealing with other’s substance abuse, social anxiety and conflict at work.
The most common issues that people seek help with include: feelings of sadness or depression, excessive worry, fear or anxiety, drug and alcohol abuse, codependency, enhancing and fine tuning one’s recovery program, relationship issues, grief and loss of a loved one, surviving trauma, life change or transition decisions, cyber addiction, dealing with other’s substance abuse, social anxiety and conflict at work.
(408) 762-5993 View (408) 762-5993
Photo of Jorge Wong, Psychologist in San Jose, CA
Jorge Wong
Psychologist, Ph D
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95117
After decades in the healthcare field as a staff, student, psychologist, educator and executive leader, I am embracing a new chapter by providing psychological and consultation services. Over time, I have worked, supervised, taught, and mentored successful individuals who have called me, “visionary, strategic, results oriented, culturally and emotionally attuned, practical, funny and caring” among many others. I appreciate the fact that no one size fits all. I also understand that cultural, environmental, and contextual factors are integral in our decisions whenever we come to a fork on the road and must be make one.
After decades in the healthcare field as a staff, student, psychologist, educator and executive leader, I am embracing a new chapter by providing psychological and consultation services. Over time, I have worked, supervised, taught, and mentored successful individuals who have called me, “visionary, strategic, results oriented, culturally and emotionally attuned, practical, funny and caring” among many others. I appreciate the fact that no one size fits all. I also understand that cultural, environmental, and contextual factors are integral in our decisions whenever we come to a fork on the road and must be make one.
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Photo of Abby Jones, Pre-Licensed Professional in San Jose, CA
Abby Jones
Pre-Licensed Professional, APCC, NCC, RYT-200
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95126
I am passionate about supporting my clients in advocating for their needs and embracing confidence in their journey of self expression. I prioritize creating a safe space that provides a warm and collaborative atmosphere where we can work together to explore and achieve your goals. I specialize in working with individuals and groups with a specific focus on anxiety, trauma, body image, disordered eating, depression, and life transitions. I enjoy working with athletes and LGBTQIA+ individuals to help empower them to embody authenticity and create a healthy self-concept.
I am passionate about supporting my clients in advocating for their needs and embracing confidence in their journey of self expression. I prioritize creating a safe space that provides a warm and collaborative atmosphere where we can work together to explore and achieve your goals. I specialize in working with individuals and groups with a specific focus on anxiety, trauma, body image, disordered eating, depression, and life transitions. I enjoy working with athletes and LGBTQIA+ individuals to help empower them to embody authenticity and create a healthy self-concept.
(408) 944-5296 View (408) 944-5296
Photo of Juana Fulton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Jose, CA
Juana Fulton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95123
Hi, my name is Juana Fulton, and I am a bilingual (English & Spanish) Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in the state of California providing individual therapy sessions via telehealth. I work with young adults, adults, and seniors from diverse identities, backgrounds, and cultures who experience symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, mood fluctuations, substance use disorder (SUD), difficulties managing relationships, emotions, and life transition events (school, work, parenting, divorce, and loss). I use a variety of theoretical approaches, each suited to the needs and situations presented by the client.
Hi, my name is Juana Fulton, and I am a bilingual (English & Spanish) Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in the state of California providing individual therapy sessions via telehealth. I work with young adults, adults, and seniors from diverse identities, backgrounds, and cultures who experience symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, mood fluctuations, substance use disorder (SUD), difficulties managing relationships, emotions, and life transition events (school, work, parenting, divorce, and loss). I use a variety of theoretical approaches, each suited to the needs and situations presented by the client.
(408) 882-1972 View (408) 882-1972
Photo of Amy Dunniway, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Amy Dunniway
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95125
Have you ever looked at your life and thought, “Why is this happening? Is it always going to be like this? What can I do?” Do you feel anxious, sad or misunderstood more often than not? Maybe life seems easier and better for everyone around you. Maybe you're surrounded by people, but you feel alone. Your relationships feel like a struggle to maintain. Conflict and discomfort seem like the norm, not the exception. Sometimes it seems like it will never get better and no one understands.
Have you ever looked at your life and thought, “Why is this happening? Is it always going to be like this? What can I do?” Do you feel anxious, sad or misunderstood more often than not? Maybe life seems easier and better for everyone around you. Maybe you're surrounded by people, but you feel alone. Your relationships feel like a struggle to maintain. Conflict and discomfort seem like the norm, not the exception. Sometimes it seems like it will never get better and no one understands.
(669) 800-1205 View (669) 800-1205
Photo of Zee Figueroa, Pre-Licensed Professional in San Jose, CA
Zee Figueroa
Pre-Licensed Professional, ASW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95118  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm Zee a dedicated therapist specializing in providing support to moms and women who are feeling anxious, overwhelmed, stressed, or navigating the challenges of motherhood. Clients I work with feel like they are in survival mode. It is possible to enjoy the good days and also feel like you're not just surviving everyday.
Hi! I'm Zee a dedicated therapist specializing in providing support to moms and women who are feeling anxious, overwhelmed, stressed, or navigating the challenges of motherhood. Clients I work with feel like they are in survival mode. It is possible to enjoy the good days and also feel like you're not just surviving everyday.
(415) 463-8729 View (415) 463-8729
Photo of Albert Pignataro, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Albert Pignataro
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95125
Hello! Welcome to the private practice of Albert Pignataro, MFT. I am a licensed marriage and family therapist (MFC 53486) practicing in Willow Glen, San Jose. I have over 15 years of experience providing therapy to adults, youth and families in individual therapy, couples counseling, and group therapy. Clinically, I focus on therapy for men and related issues, therapy for the LGBTQ+ community, and therapy for adult individuals and couples for anxiety, depression, poor self-esteem, and relationship issues.
Hello! Welcome to the private practice of Albert Pignataro, MFT. I am a licensed marriage and family therapist (MFC 53486) practicing in Willow Glen, San Jose. I have over 15 years of experience providing therapy to adults, youth and families in individual therapy, couples counseling, and group therapy. Clinically, I focus on therapy for men and related issues, therapy for the LGBTQ+ community, and therapy for adult individuals and couples for anxiety, depression, poor self-esteem, and relationship issues.
(408) 831-3315 View (408) 831-3315
Photo of Giorgio Andrea Quittan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Jose, CA
Giorgio Andrea Quittan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95126
I am an Italian who has been living in The Bay Area for the last 40 years. I am fluent in English, Italian and Spanish. I have extensive experience and training in Hakomi, Somatic Based Psychotherapy and EMDR. I have more than 15 years of experience with Santa Clara County, Department of Families and Children Services, providing support and services to individuals, children and families who have been involved with the Child Welfare System. I also have 5 years of experience providing therapeutic services at a Medical Hospital Specialized in Treating HIV/AIDS patients who suffer from Addiction, PTSD and Trauma.
I am an Italian who has been living in The Bay Area for the last 40 years. I am fluent in English, Italian and Spanish. I have extensive experience and training in Hakomi, Somatic Based Psychotherapy and EMDR. I have more than 15 years of experience with Santa Clara County, Department of Families and Children Services, providing support and services to individuals, children and families who have been involved with the Child Welfare System. I also have 5 years of experience providing therapeutic services at a Medical Hospital Specialized in Treating HIV/AIDS patients who suffer from Addiction, PTSD and Trauma.
(408) 872-8948 View (408) 872-8948
Photo of Christine Lee, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Christine Lee
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95124
Need someone to help you with relationship issues, anxiety, alcohol or drug abuse, or sexual addiction? I am dedicated and passionate about helping individuals and couples regain a healthier sense of self and work through relationship obstacles. My approach to healing includes the integration of psychological, biblical, and recovery principles. I work regularly with issues related to loss of self in relationships, trust and intimacy issues, difficulty setting boundaries, unresolved hurts or trauma, addictions, and spirituality.
Need someone to help you with relationship issues, anxiety, alcohol or drug abuse, or sexual addiction? I am dedicated and passionate about helping individuals and couples regain a healthier sense of self and work through relationship obstacles. My approach to healing includes the integration of psychological, biblical, and recovery principles. I work regularly with issues related to loss of self in relationships, trust and intimacy issues, difficulty setting boundaries, unresolved hurts or trauma, addictions, and spirituality.
(408) 816-2301 View (408) 816-2301
Photo of Thu Huong Tran, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Jose, CA
Thu Huong Tran
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, ASW
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95110
As a seasoned bilingual counselor and associated therapist, Thu Tran is dedicated to guiding individuals on a transformative journey towards self-awareness, embracing reality, and leveraging strengths while acknowledging and addressing weaknesses. With a commitment to empowering her clients, Thu incorporates evidence-based approaches, particularly Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), humanistic, personal centered, psychodynamic, family systems, solution-focus, trauma-informed, and DBT to facilitate meaningful and lasting change.
As a seasoned bilingual counselor and associated therapist, Thu Tran is dedicated to guiding individuals on a transformative journey towards self-awareness, embracing reality, and leveraging strengths while acknowledging and addressing weaknesses. With a commitment to empowering her clients, Thu incorporates evidence-based approaches, particularly Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), humanistic, personal centered, psychodynamic, family systems, solution-focus, trauma-informed, and DBT to facilitate meaningful and lasting change.
(408) 668-3635 View (408) 668-3635
Photo of Dr. Rob Grellman - Relationship And Stress Expert, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Dr. Rob Grellman - Relationship And Stress Expert
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95124
My experience in mental health began in 1981 as a residential therapist with youth in group homes and since then I have worked extensively with youth, families, couples, individual men and women - I have worked extensively around issues of emotional dis-regulation, family dysfunction, addictions of various sorts, depression, anxiety, eating disorders, codependency, and some dissociative disorders as well - I consider treatment very paradoxical, I believe it is important how to gain Freedom from has had Harmful Affect & Control over one's life and Learn how to Live Realistically and yet with Meaning & Purpose !!
My experience in mental health began in 1981 as a residential therapist with youth in group homes and since then I have worked extensively with youth, families, couples, individual men and women - I have worked extensively around issues of emotional dis-regulation, family dysfunction, addictions of various sorts, depression, anxiety, eating disorders, codependency, and some dissociative disorders as well - I consider treatment very paradoxical, I believe it is important how to gain Freedom from has had Harmful Affect & Control over one's life and Learn how to Live Realistically and yet with Meaning & Purpose !!
(408) 214-8227 View (408) 214-8227
Photo of Janelle Bull, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Janelle Bull
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, EMBA, PHD Stu
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95125
Are you hurting? At some point in our lives, we all hurt. Everyone hits obstacles in life from time to time and sometimes those problems seem unsolvable. Here is the good news, there is help. I specialize in couples, families and individuals who are either in the midst of a major change, or in need of one! I work with: high-conflict couples, couples making a serious commitment or dissolving a long-term relationship, new parents, families in conflict, people with anxiety, depression, fears, low self-esteem as well as grief and bereavement related issues. I am a straightforward therapist and like to help to get issues resolved.
Are you hurting? At some point in our lives, we all hurt. Everyone hits obstacles in life from time to time and sometimes those problems seem unsolvable. Here is the good news, there is help. I specialize in couples, families and individuals who are either in the midst of a major change, or in need of one! I work with: high-conflict couples, couples making a serious commitment or dissolving a long-term relationship, new parents, families in conflict, people with anxiety, depression, fears, low self-esteem as well as grief and bereavement related issues. I am a straightforward therapist and like to help to get issues resolved.
(408) 840-2899 View (408) 840-2899
Photo of Catherine Anne Mathews, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Jose, CA
Catherine Anne Mathews
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95126
Relationships are hard! It can feel like an endless struggle just to get along. Sometimes it seems as though we’ve hit a wall and just can’t make it work. Is it my partner? Is it me? What’s going on here? I love working with couples and families to begin to gently untangle the conflict. Couple or family therapy can be a caring space for each individual to be heard and respected, a place for you to identify your feelings and desires. Together we will learn how you can reduce conflict, communicate better and find your way back to the loving place you once shared.
Relationships are hard! It can feel like an endless struggle just to get along. Sometimes it seems as though we’ve hit a wall and just can’t make it work. Is it my partner? Is it me? What’s going on here? I love working with couples and families to begin to gently untangle the conflict. Couple or family therapy can be a caring space for each individual to be heard and respected, a place for you to identify your feelings and desires. Together we will learn how you can reduce conflict, communicate better and find your way back to the loving place you once shared.
(408) 418-2943 View (408) 418-2943
Photo of Therapy for Every Body, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Therapy for Every Body
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, AMFT, ASW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95117  (Online Only)
Lots of people need support right now. If you are one of them, we have a team of therapists who can help you right away. We pride ourselves on providing services to people in all kinds of bodies - all ages, genders, sizes, abilities, lifestyles and more.
Lots of people need support right now. If you are one of them, we have a team of therapists who can help you right away. We pride ourselves on providing services to people in all kinds of bodies - all ages, genders, sizes, abilities, lifestyles and more.
(408) 459-4273 View (408) 459-4273
Photo of Janine Monson- Savage, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Jose, CA
Janine Monson- Savage
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95127
Hello, My name is Janine Monson and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have over 20 years of experience providing mental health services to individuals, couples, families, and youth. I enjoy working with clients to navigate through life's many challenges and transitions in the healthiest way possible. I find that working with motivated clients who show up and are willing to put in the work are the most rewarding. I enjoy working with clients who want to get to know themselves at a deeper level and make positive changes.
Hello, My name is Janine Monson and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have over 20 years of experience providing mental health services to individuals, couples, families, and youth. I enjoy working with clients to navigate through life's many challenges and transitions in the healthiest way possible. I find that working with motivated clients who show up and are willing to put in the work are the most rewarding. I enjoy working with clients who want to get to know themselves at a deeper level and make positive changes.
(408) 900-6328 View (408) 900-6328

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Jose, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$180

Therapists in San Jose, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
70% Stress
67% Coping Skills
65% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% Aetna
72% Cigna and Evernorth
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in San Jose, CA see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Jose?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.