Therapists in Palo Alto, CA

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Photo of Alexandra (Alex) Frank, Associate Clinical Social Worker in Palo Alto, CA
Alexandra (Alex) Frank
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Palo Alto, CA 94301  (Online Only)
My goal as your therapist is to help you thrive, not just survive. Together, we’ll co-create a safe therapeutic experience to reflect on how internal narratives and patterns are shaped by systemic, historical, political, or familial stories. I can help you navigate past traumas, tackle current life stressors, or move through major life experiences such as conflict, career/ school/ family transitions, and grief. We’ll explore how interpersonal and structural based trauma manifests in our bodies and pathways to metabolize those experiences in your nervous systems, reconnect with your humanity, find balance and joy.
My goal as your therapist is to help you thrive, not just survive. Together, we’ll co-create a safe therapeutic experience to reflect on how internal narratives and patterns are shaped by systemic, historical, political, or familial stories. I can help you navigate past traumas, tackle current life stressors, or move through major life experiences such as conflict, career/ school/ family transitions, and grief. We’ll explore how interpersonal and structural based trauma manifests in our bodies and pathways to metabolize those experiences in your nervous systems, reconnect with your humanity, find balance and joy.
(650) 629-2542 View (650) 629-2542
Photo of Dr. Marlina Rose Selva, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Dr. Marlina Rose Selva
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Palo Alto, CA 94301  (Online Only)
I work with foster/adopted children and their families, as well as individuals and couples seeking counseling. I help families work through difficulties including depression, anxiety, trauma, school adjustment, attachment, and family conflict. My passion for working with families dates back to my undergraduate training in psychology at UCLA. I have worked extensivley with children, adolescents, and parents on overcoming obstacles related to cognitive, social and emotional needs. Upon special request, I provide in-home therapy services in the Bay Area.
I work with foster/adopted children and their families, as well as individuals and couples seeking counseling. I help families work through difficulties including depression, anxiety, trauma, school adjustment, attachment, and family conflict. My passion for working with families dates back to my undergraduate training in psychology at UCLA. I have worked extensivley with children, adolescents, and parents on overcoming obstacles related to cognitive, social and emotional needs. Upon special request, I provide in-home therapy services in the Bay Area.
(650) 899-8509 View (650) 899-8509
Photo of Anders Greenwood, Psychologist in Palo Alto, CA
Anders Greenwood
Psychologist, PsyD, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Palo Alto, CA 94301  (Online Only)
Are you or loved ones facing challenges you want to work through in safety and confidence? Reacting to life events with worry or sadness? Ready for a new beginning? For better or worse, our experience is shaped by expectations and habits that are maintained by loyalty to important relationships, and by cycles of confirming experience. They affect our happiness, our relationships and the success of our endeavors. Therapy can help. In a safe empathic relationship, unhelpful expectations and habits can be retired, and happier habits of relating to life and others can be learned, chosen and implemented.
Are you or loved ones facing challenges you want to work through in safety and confidence? Reacting to life events with worry or sadness? Ready for a new beginning? For better or worse, our experience is shaped by expectations and habits that are maintained by loyalty to important relationships, and by cycles of confirming experience. They affect our happiness, our relationships and the success of our endeavors. Therapy can help. In a safe empathic relationship, unhelpful expectations and habits can be retired, and happier habits of relating to life and others can be learned, chosen and implemented.
(510) 364-4825 View (510) 364-4825
Photo of Michelle Ramos, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Michelle Ramos
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94306
We may face a point in life when our foundation is jolted and we begin to question the path we are on. We can be faced with circumstances that affect areas of our life and result in feeling confused or stuck on how to move forward. We may experience a sense of imbalance in our work, relationships, self-care, or spirituality. As we try to regain our footing and work towards resolving these afflictions, we may struggle with decision-making and managing the overwhelming feelings that may arise. In these moments of uncertainty, therapy can bring clarity and hope and remind us of our existing strengths and potential to persevere.
We may face a point in life when our foundation is jolted and we begin to question the path we are on. We can be faced with circumstances that affect areas of our life and result in feeling confused or stuck on how to move forward. We may experience a sense of imbalance in our work, relationships, self-care, or spirituality. As we try to regain our footing and work towards resolving these afflictions, we may struggle with decision-making and managing the overwhelming feelings that may arise. In these moments of uncertainty, therapy can bring clarity and hope and remind us of our existing strengths and potential to persevere.
(650) 352-3970 View (650) 352-3970
Photo of Tayler Lim-Mosier, Associate Professional Clinical Counselor in Palo Alto, CA
Tayler Lim-Mosier
Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, APCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Palo Alto, CA 94301
Having walked a long way on my own healing journey, I understand the value of learning from painful experiences with compassion for self and others. Transitioning into adulthood can be an amazing, complex, and lonely experience, full of ups and downs. Maybe you are questioning your life paths, searching for community, feeling lost, experiencing the effects of trauma, or trying to figure out how to exist in this wildly complicated world. Whatever you are experiencing, please know that you do not have to go through it alone.
Having walked a long way on my own healing journey, I understand the value of learning from painful experiences with compassion for self and others. Transitioning into adulthood can be an amazing, complex, and lonely experience, full of ups and downs. Maybe you are questioning your life paths, searching for community, feeling lost, experiencing the effects of trauma, or trying to figure out how to exist in this wildly complicated world. Whatever you are experiencing, please know that you do not have to go through it alone.
(650) 870-2812 View (650) 870-2812
Photo of Andrea Barlas, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Andrea Barlas
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ATR
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94306
Waitlist for new clients
I have been working with children and adolescents for over 30 years in the greater Bay Area. My primary practice focuses around facilitating youth through difficult transitions, school related stresses, anxiety, peer relationships, and self esteem. Additionally, I support young adults and adults dealing with anxiety, depression, sexual orientation and difficult life transitions.
I have been working with children and adolescents for over 30 years in the greater Bay Area. My primary practice focuses around facilitating youth through difficult transitions, school related stresses, anxiety, peer relationships, and self esteem. Additionally, I support young adults and adults dealing with anxiety, depression, sexual orientation and difficult life transitions.
(650) 303-9738 View (650) 303-9738
Photo of Jean Hamilton, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Jean Hamilton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94306
I tend to see individual adults and couples in my practice who want to develop more self awareness, insight, and understanding as to why they are facing the difficulties or challenges which bring them into work with me. My hope is to help them see where their early childhood experiences impact and affect their functioning as adults. One goal for them is to become more flexible in their thinking and behavior so that they can enjoy their lives more fully. I see my role as an assistant to them in this process, trusting them, their thinking and ability to change.
I tend to see individual adults and couples in my practice who want to develop more self awareness, insight, and understanding as to why they are facing the difficulties or challenges which bring them into work with me. My hope is to help them see where their early childhood experiences impact and affect their functioning as adults. One goal for them is to become more flexible in their thinking and behavior so that they can enjoy their lives more fully. I see my role as an assistant to them in this process, trusting them, their thinking and ability to change.
(650) 241-2261 View (650) 241-2261
Photo of Kristi A. Erickson, PHD, Psychologist in Palo Alto, CA
Kristi A. Erickson, PHD
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Palo Alto, CA 94306
You have been wanting to try something different for some time now. Reach out today and we will get started.
You have been wanting to try something different for some time now. Reach out today and we will get started.
(650) 305-7060 View (650) 305-7060
Photo of Laura Beann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Laura Beann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94303  (Online Only)
I approach psychotherapy from a whole-person perspective and I believe therapy, along with other practices, can help us awaken to a life of meaning. In therapy I will help you identify the source of your longing to be whole, and together, we will move closer to that source, so you become re-sourced. Together we will explore your innate natural cycles and help you align to your own rhythm, so that you might meet depletion with rest and energy with creativity.
I approach psychotherapy from a whole-person perspective and I believe therapy, along with other practices, can help us awaken to a life of meaning. In therapy I will help you identify the source of your longing to be whole, and together, we will move closer to that source, so you become re-sourced. Together we will explore your innate natural cycles and help you align to your own rhythm, so that you might meet depletion with rest and energy with creativity.
(650) 547-3560 View (650) 547-3560
Photo of Janet Gaborek, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Janet Gaborek
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Palo Alto, CA 94306  (Online Only)
I have been working with people that are negotiating changes in their lives for over 30 years. I believe that when people are at a crossroads in life, or suffering from depression, anxiety, trauma, or a loss, it can feel very overwhelming. I believe it takes courage to reach out and seek support, and my goal is to create a safe space to help people open up and find ways to approach issues that are causing distress.
I have been working with people that are negotiating changes in their lives for over 30 years. I believe that when people are at a crossroads in life, or suffering from depression, anxiety, trauma, or a loss, it can feel very overwhelming. I believe it takes courage to reach out and seek support, and my goal is to create a safe space to help people open up and find ways to approach issues that are causing distress.
(310) 691-5832 View (310) 691-5832
Photo of Gloria M Kardong in Palo Alto, CA
Gloria M Kardong
MD, DFAPA, DABPN
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94301  (Online Only)
I am a psychiatrist providing psychotherapy and/or psychopharmacology, depending on the client's needs. I believe it is important to offer individualized care based on the client's problems, concerns and preferences. My style is warm, collaborative and interactive. I can help with a practical, solution-focused approach for current problems. I also do exploratory therapy to address unresolved issues from the past that may be interfering with living your life as fully as possible. My clients also seek depth therapy to promote personal growth, insight and self awareness. LICENSED IN 20 STATES--Virtual therapy and med management.
I am a psychiatrist providing psychotherapy and/or psychopharmacology, depending on the client's needs. I believe it is important to offer individualized care based on the client's problems, concerns and preferences. My style is warm, collaborative and interactive. I can help with a practical, solution-focused approach for current problems. I also do exploratory therapy to address unresolved issues from the past that may be interfering with living your life as fully as possible. My clients also seek depth therapy to promote personal growth, insight and self awareness. LICENSED IN 20 STATES--Virtual therapy and med management.
(650) 800-5502 View (650) 800-5502
Photo of Michelle L Eisenberg, Psychologist in Palo Alto, CA
Michelle L Eisenberg
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94306
I use evidence-based, cognitive behavioral treatments to help people recover from post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression. My goal as a therapist is to work collaboratively with you to understand the obstacles that are preventing you from living the life you want. We will work together to develop a treatment plan and engage in the steps that will lead to a fulfilling life. Our primary goal during our work together will be to help you gain the skills you need to be more successful in your personal and professional life.
I use evidence-based, cognitive behavioral treatments to help people recover from post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression. My goal as a therapist is to work collaboratively with you to understand the obstacles that are preventing you from living the life you want. We will work together to develop a treatment plan and engage in the steps that will lead to a fulfilling life. Our primary goal during our work together will be to help you gain the skills you need to be more successful in your personal and professional life.
(650) 600-7478 View (650) 600-7478
Photo of Frank Costello, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Frank Costello
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94306  (Online Only)
It is my mission to provide high-quality psychotherapy to my clients by assisting them in how they manage and cope with the stress and anxieties in life. The way we perceive a problem greatly affects how we deal (or don't deal) with that problem. Using proven evidence-based interventions and building on insight and self-awareness, we can move the mountains in our minds to see a clearer picture of ourselves and the world around us – improving our ability to cope, our self-esteem, and the quality of our personal life relationships.
It is my mission to provide high-quality psychotherapy to my clients by assisting them in how they manage and cope with the stress and anxieties in life. The way we perceive a problem greatly affects how we deal (or don't deal) with that problem. Using proven evidence-based interventions and building on insight and self-awareness, we can move the mountains in our minds to see a clearer picture of ourselves and the world around us – improving our ability to cope, our self-esteem, and the quality of our personal life relationships.
(310) 986-3717 View (310) 986-3717
Photo of Nazanin Khatami, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Nazanin Khatami
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ATR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Palo Alto, CA 94301
This-is-important! It won’t go away when you turn your back. It won’t sort itself out while you distract yourself with other things. You may well need a hand in resolving things but only YOU can take the first step and ask for that help, which we are all PERFECTLY allowed to need sometimes. Resilience isn’t about never being angry, sad, fearful or guilty. It is about knowing how to respond appropriately.
This-is-important! It won’t go away when you turn your back. It won’t sort itself out while you distract yourself with other things. You may well need a hand in resolving things but only YOU can take the first step and ask for that help, which we are all PERFECTLY allowed to need sometimes. Resilience isn’t about never being angry, sad, fearful or guilty. It is about knowing how to respond appropriately.
(650) 300-0481 View (650) 300-0481
Photo of Ceccily Bednash, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Ceccily Bednash
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ATR
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94306  (Online Only)
Ceccily Bednash MA LMFT ATR is the Founder of the Creative Wellness Institute which provides talk therapy, art therapy, coaching services, art programming, training and workshops. The Creative Wellness Institute was founded on the principle that human beings are innately creative. Therefore, we need a creative approach to understanding our inner world in order to live our best life possible. By using our capacity for creative expression as a means for understanding ourselves and the world around us we can evolve into the highest versions of ourselves and live a happy and fulfilling life.
Ceccily Bednash MA LMFT ATR is the Founder of the Creative Wellness Institute which provides talk therapy, art therapy, coaching services, art programming, training and workshops. The Creative Wellness Institute was founded on the principle that human beings are innately creative. Therefore, we need a creative approach to understanding our inner world in order to live our best life possible. By using our capacity for creative expression as a means for understanding ourselves and the world around us we can evolve into the highest versions of ourselves and live a happy and fulfilling life.
(602) 833-2668 View (602) 833-2668
Photo of Ellen Russin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Ellen Russin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94301
I have been a psychotherapist for adults and adolescents for over 20 years. People come to me to deal with painful feelings and difficulties in living, and to improve their sense of well-being. Many of the clients I see have relationship issues, depression, anxiety or low self-esteem. Living in Silicon Valley brings its own set of problems, which I am particularly interested in. Some people are unclear what troubles them, but are unhappy with their lives.
I have been a psychotherapist for adults and adolescents for over 20 years. People come to me to deal with painful feelings and difficulties in living, and to improve their sense of well-being. Many of the clients I see have relationship issues, depression, anxiety or low self-esteem. Living in Silicon Valley brings its own set of problems, which I am particularly interested in. Some people are unclear what troubles them, but are unhappy with their lives.
(415) 800-4094 View (415) 800-4094
Photo of Joyce Schmid, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Joyce Schmid
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94306  (Online Only)
My typical client is an adult of exceptional intelligence, creativity, achievement, and kindness, who needs to address problems in his or her life. These problems include depression, anxiety, the disease of addiction, childhood trauma,the addictions of others, and/or difficulties in forming or enjoying relationships. Too many people emerge from childhood with wounds from parental loss, abuse, or neglect. Some carry genetic loadings for addiction. The aftermath of these is devastating, despite success and "looking good." Revealing the pain to another person and revising basic assumptions about yourself and others in a safe relationship can help.
My typical client is an adult of exceptional intelligence, creativity, achievement, and kindness, who needs to address problems in his or her life. These problems include depression, anxiety, the disease of addiction, childhood trauma,the addictions of others, and/or difficulties in forming or enjoying relationships. Too many people emerge from childhood with wounds from parental loss, abuse, or neglect. Some carry genetic loadings for addiction. The aftermath of these is devastating, despite success and "looking good." Revealing the pain to another person and revising basic assumptions about yourself and others in a safe relationship can help.
(650) 629-7185 View (650) 629-7185
Tomasz Skiba
Psychologist, PsyD
Not Verified Not Verified
1 Endorsed
Palo Alto, CA 94304
I specialize in providing empowering online, Video-Therapy(Telehealth) for adults of all ages and backgrounds. I value diversity, individuality, authenticity, acceptance, and compassion. I build my professional relationship with clients by establishing safety, trust and openness. I see clients with a broad range of difficulties such as personal growth struggles, work stress, stress, health & wellness, anxiety, depression, men's sexual dysfunction, and many others. I utilize a client-centered approach to create an individual plan consisting of a variety of therapeutic modalities to promote change, growth, awareness, and empowerment.
I specialize in providing empowering online, Video-Therapy(Telehealth) for adults of all ages and backgrounds. I value diversity, individuality, authenticity, acceptance, and compassion. I build my professional relationship with clients by establishing safety, trust and openness. I see clients with a broad range of difficulties such as personal growth struggles, work stress, stress, health & wellness, anxiety, depression, men's sexual dysfunction, and many others. I utilize a client-centered approach to create an individual plan consisting of a variety of therapeutic modalities to promote change, growth, awareness, and empowerment.
(650) 410-8172 View (650) 410-8172
Photo of Kathryn Hedjasi, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Kathryn Hedjasi
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MBA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94306  (Online Only)
Do you find yourself struggling? Hurting? I can help you feel better! You have the ability to THRIVE regardless of your circumstances armed with my support & many new tools in your arsenal. I can help you tap into your own resilience & ability to heal. Wherever you are at in life, whether satisfied but looking to improve, struggling daily & feeling as if the floor is about to fall out, in crisis-mode, on a journey of self-discovery, or simply looking for support from a fully present empathetic skilled partner in your personal, interpersonal & professional goals. I AM HERE FOR YOU!
Do you find yourself struggling? Hurting? I can help you feel better! You have the ability to THRIVE regardless of your circumstances armed with my support & many new tools in your arsenal. I can help you tap into your own resilience & ability to heal. Wherever you are at in life, whether satisfied but looking to improve, struggling daily & feeling as if the floor is about to fall out, in crisis-mode, on a journey of self-discovery, or simply looking for support from a fully present empathetic skilled partner in your personal, interpersonal & professional goals. I AM HERE FOR YOU!
(650) 262-4006 View (650) 262-4006
Photo of Nancy Stephenson, Counselor in Palo Alto, CA
Nancy Stephenson
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94306
Is excessive worry or anxiety limiting your life? Do you want to feel better and live a happier life? Helping our clients overcome social anxiety, public speaking fears, OCD, panic, excessive worry and depression is our primary focus. Visit us at www.paloaltotherapy.com. By using proven therapy methods (We are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy specialists) we will focus on specific problems, solutions, and reachable goals. We provide much more than traditional talk therapy and help you get results to improve your emotions and your life. By doing this we can help rather quickly. Call to schedule a free phone consultation.
Is excessive worry or anxiety limiting your life? Do you want to feel better and live a happier life? Helping our clients overcome social anxiety, public speaking fears, OCD, panic, excessive worry and depression is our primary focus. Visit us at www.paloaltotherapy.com. By using proven therapy methods (We are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy specialists) we will focus on specific problems, solutions, and reachable goals. We provide much more than traditional talk therapy and help you get results to improve your emotions and your life. By doing this we can help rather quickly. Call to schedule a free phone consultation.
(650) 899-4665 View (650) 899-4665

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Palo Alto, CA

900+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in Palo Alto, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

58% Aetna
50% Cigna and Evernorth
45% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Palo Alto, CA see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Palo Alto?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.