Therapists in Phoenix, AZ

View neighborhoods in Phoenix
Photo of Brianda Teterukov, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Brianda Teterukov
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, EMDR
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85027
You care too much. You are over-responsible at work and in your relationship. Yet you can’t find happiness, inner peace, and don’t feel good enough. It’s okay to let go of any shame and anxiety you're carrying that's stuck in your body. There are ways you can heal emotional blocks so you can live in the present. You can create harmony between your personal and work life. You can find your authentic Self and feel free.
You care too much. You are over-responsible at work and in your relationship. Yet you can’t find happiness, inner peace, and don’t feel good enough. It’s okay to let go of any shame and anxiety you're carrying that's stuck in your body. There are ways you can heal emotional blocks so you can live in the present. You can create harmony between your personal and work life. You can find your authentic Self and feel free.
(623) 292-3890 View (623) 292-3890
Photo of Grace M Shivka, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Grace M Shivka
Counselor, MC, LPC-S
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85020
My name is Grace Shivka! My pronouns are she/her. I focus on providing affirming, humanistic, and client-centered counseling for adolescents and adults. I believe each client is the expert to their own story and lived experience. As a counselor, I can provide a therapeutic lens combined with tailored coping skills, emotion regulation strategies and interpersonal effectiveness skills to help you navigate living with trauma, conflict, and other mental health challenges. While we address your unique needs and goals together, you will be met with empathy, openness, warmth, honesty, and compassion every step of the way.
My name is Grace Shivka! My pronouns are she/her. I focus on providing affirming, humanistic, and client-centered counseling for adolescents and adults. I believe each client is the expert to their own story and lived experience. As a counselor, I can provide a therapeutic lens combined with tailored coping skills, emotion regulation strategies and interpersonal effectiveness skills to help you navigate living with trauma, conflict, and other mental health challenges. While we address your unique needs and goals together, you will be met with empathy, openness, warmth, honesty, and compassion every step of the way.
(480) 771-0947 View (480) 771-0947
Photo of Jennifer Averyt, Psychologist in Phoenix, AZ
Jennifer Averyt
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85014
Not accepting new clients
Are you feeling overwhelmed by stress or anxiety? Experiencing difficulties with sleep, pain, or adjusting to a new medical diagnosis? Binge eating or using food to cope with emotions? Looking to improve your quality of life by making positive changes for your health? As a clinical health psychologist, I offer treatments that have been proven effective in each of these areas.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by stress or anxiety? Experiencing difficulties with sleep, pain, or adjusting to a new medical diagnosis? Binge eating or using food to cope with emotions? Looking to improve your quality of life by making positive changes for your health? As a clinical health psychologist, I offer treatments that have been proven effective in each of these areas.
(602) 362-8417 View (602) 362-8417
Photo of Traci Andes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Traci Andes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, RN, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85020
Sometimes it seems like you’re just getting through each day and your sense of fulfillment in work and our personal life isn’t there anymore. There can be a sense that you’re losing focus on what initially excited and motivated you. You might find yourself leaning further than you’d like into things like drinking, fast food or YouTube binging to deal with this void or manage anxiety. It could be family and friends have suggested you seem to have less energy, are checked out, or are just sort of grouchy. And you’re reading this right now because you’re ready to do something about it!
Sometimes it seems like you’re just getting through each day and your sense of fulfillment in work and our personal life isn’t there anymore. There can be a sense that you’re losing focus on what initially excited and motivated you. You might find yourself leaning further than you’d like into things like drinking, fast food or YouTube binging to deal with this void or manage anxiety. It could be family and friends have suggested you seem to have less energy, are checked out, or are just sort of grouchy. And you’re reading this right now because you’re ready to do something about it!
(602) 926-7934 View (602) 926-7934
Photo of Nancy R Hay, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Nancy R Hay
Counselor, MA, LPC, LISAC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85020  (Online Only)
I have been helping individuals and couples for over thirty years make positive changes in their lives. Counseling is about changing what is not working in your life, feeling better, and creating new levels of satisfaction, happiness, and peace. If you are experiencing stress or unhappiness and know it's time to do something about it, let my experience and practical approach help you grow in a positive direction. I use a variety of therapeutic approaches and develop a plan to uniquely fit your needs, personality, and goals. My goal is to help you as quickly as possible improve your life.
I have been helping individuals and couples for over thirty years make positive changes in their lives. Counseling is about changing what is not working in your life, feeling better, and creating new levels of satisfaction, happiness, and peace. If you are experiencing stress or unhappiness and know it's time to do something about it, let my experience and practical approach help you grow in a positive direction. I use a variety of therapeutic approaches and develop a plan to uniquely fit your needs, personality, and goals. My goal is to help you as quickly as possible improve your life.
(480) 568-4007 View (480) 568-4007
Photo of Shemira Murji, Psychologist in Phoenix, AZ
Shemira Murji
Psychologist, PhD PLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85044
Not accepting new clients
I provide psychotherapy and life coaching services for individuals and groups. I am a generalist who works with people with various mental health challenges such as anxiety, depression, grief, loss, relationship struggles, and chronic health problems. With a background in neuroscience and neuropsychology, I specialize in holistic psychotherapy and the mind-body connection. Using a combination of Eastern and Western wisdom traditions, I prioritize a "head to heart" approach, with various circumstances and challenges as opportunities for self-awareness, growth, healing, and joy. "The wound is the place that the light enters you." Rumi
I provide psychotherapy and life coaching services for individuals and groups. I am a generalist who works with people with various mental health challenges such as anxiety, depression, grief, loss, relationship struggles, and chronic health problems. With a background in neuroscience and neuropsychology, I specialize in holistic psychotherapy and the mind-body connection. Using a combination of Eastern and Western wisdom traditions, I prioritize a "head to heart" approach, with various circumstances and challenges as opportunities for self-awareness, growth, healing, and joy. "The wound is the place that the light enters you." Rumi
(520) 201-0398 View (520) 201-0398
Photo of Sage Walsh, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Sage Walsh
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85050  (Online Only)
As a Licensed Professional Counselor with specialized training in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), I bring a unique skill set to the field of mental health. With a deep commitment to fostering healing and personal growth, my career has been dedicated to supporting individuals on their journey toward emotional well-being. I hold an Arizona state license in counseling, demonstrating my adherence to the highest ethical and professional standards in the practice. My goal is to create a safe and supportive environment where clients can explore their concerns, develop coping strategies, and achieve their goals.
As a Licensed Professional Counselor with specialized training in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), I bring a unique skill set to the field of mental health. With a deep commitment to fostering healing and personal growth, my career has been dedicated to supporting individuals on their journey toward emotional well-being. I hold an Arizona state license in counseling, demonstrating my adherence to the highest ethical and professional standards in the practice. My goal is to create a safe and supportive environment where clients can explore their concerns, develop coping strategies, and achieve their goals.
(623) 343-5044 View (623) 343-5044
Photo of Strive Counseling and Consulting Services, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Strive Counseling and Consulting Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85028
Multiple providers accepting new clients! Life can get complicated and stressful, and we are here to help. If you are suffering with mood instability, past traumas, substance use, emotional dysregulation, or relationship issues, you don't have to suffer alone.
Multiple providers accepting new clients! Life can get complicated and stressful, and we are here to help. If you are suffering with mood instability, past traumas, substance use, emotional dysregulation, or relationship issues, you don't have to suffer alone.
(602) 878-8273 View (602) 878-8273
Photo of Jose L Valdiviezo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Jose L Valdiviezo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85001  (Online Only)
I am a bilingual clinical social worker having the honor of serving populations of the Southwest. In a world full of uncertainties, complex stressors and a never ending fast pace culture I am here to support individuals whom would like to work on improving their depression, managing their stress or working on their sobriety. Its never too late and never too early to start working on your personal self care. Available to supports individuals going through significant adjustments in life, grief and sadness. You are not alone, things can get better!
I am a bilingual clinical social worker having the honor of serving populations of the Southwest. In a world full of uncertainties, complex stressors and a never ending fast pace culture I am here to support individuals whom would like to work on improving their depression, managing their stress or working on their sobriety. Its never too late and never too early to start working on your personal self care. Available to supports individuals going through significant adjustments in life, grief and sadness. You are not alone, things can get better!
(480) 613-3866 View (480) 613-3866
Photo of Mike Rehm, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Mike Rehm
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85018
I am privileged to meet with individuals/couples who are impacted by less-than-nurturing relationships and environments leading to challenges in relating to self and others. Expertise: working with couples, trauma and abuse. Training includes EFT (emotionally focused therapy for couples) and EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing).
I am privileged to meet with individuals/couples who are impacted by less-than-nurturing relationships and environments leading to challenges in relating to self and others. Expertise: working with couples, trauma and abuse. Training includes EFT (emotionally focused therapy for couples) and EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing).
(602) 483-6292 View (602) 483-6292
Photo of Linda Wiskerchen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Linda Wiskerchen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, RPT-S
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85044
My name is Linda Wiskerchen. I am a licensed clinical social worker and registered play therapist supervisor with 20+ years experience and passion working in the mental health field. I specialize in the treatment of families and young children who are struggling at home, in school, and in the community, with individual and family counseling.
My name is Linda Wiskerchen. I am a licensed clinical social worker and registered play therapist supervisor with 20+ years experience and passion working in the mental health field. I specialize in the treatment of families and young children who are struggling at home, in school, and in the community, with individual and family counseling.
(480) 467-3380 View (480) 467-3380
Photo of Sharon Therapist, Marriage & Family Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Sharon Therapist
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85050  (Online Only)
Do you find yourself feeling stuck in situations that continue to occur over and over, or are you struggling with not really knowing who you are? Maybe there are some things about yourself that you would like to feel differently about, or learn better ways to manage areas in your personal life? Do you experience intense feelings at times and do not understand why? Coming to Therapy is one of the first steps you can take towards finding these answers and taking steps towards the positive changes you would like to experience. Together, we will work on reaching the Goals you set for yourself. "If you change nothing, nothing changes!"
Do you find yourself feeling stuck in situations that continue to occur over and over, or are you struggling with not really knowing who you are? Maybe there are some things about yourself that you would like to feel differently about, or learn better ways to manage areas in your personal life? Do you experience intense feelings at times and do not understand why? Coming to Therapy is one of the first steps you can take towards finding these answers and taking steps towards the positive changes you would like to experience. Together, we will work on reaching the Goals you set for yourself. "If you change nothing, nothing changes!"
(602) 677-7858 View (602) 677-7858
Photo of Kelsey J. Walsh, Psychologist in Phoenix, AZ
Kelsey J. Walsh
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85018
As a licensed psychologist, I have extensive training and experience using evidence-based treatments for anxiety, depression, and trauma. I view the client-therapist relationship as a crucial component in facilitating client growth and work from a holistic and interdisciplinary framework, using a relational approach informed by cognitive-behavioral, trauma-informed, emotion-focused, and insight-oriented interventions. To ensure individualized care, I attend to client identities and cultural experiences (e.g., race/ethnicity, gender) to inform treatment and empower clients to identify and actively pursue their personal therapy goals.
As a licensed psychologist, I have extensive training and experience using evidence-based treatments for anxiety, depression, and trauma. I view the client-therapist relationship as a crucial component in facilitating client growth and work from a holistic and interdisciplinary framework, using a relational approach informed by cognitive-behavioral, trauma-informed, emotion-focused, and insight-oriented interventions. To ensure individualized care, I attend to client identities and cultural experiences (e.g., race/ethnicity, gender) to inform treatment and empower clients to identify and actively pursue their personal therapy goals.
(602) 483-4853 View (602) 483-4853
Photo of Melanie Stasny, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Melanie Stasny
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85014
It happened again. Another restless night. Another day trying to put on a happy face. Another day working hard to keep all the worry, negative feelings, stress and exhaustion buried inside. You are overwhelmed and can’t understand how you got here. Life is stressful. Constant worry, anxiousness, sadness, feelings of emptiness, irritability are all ways that our bodies can respond to the stress of life. Painful life experiences have a way of making us feel trapped. Maybe something painful has happened to you or your child recently or in the past and no matter how hard you have tried to work through it, nothing seems to be working.
It happened again. Another restless night. Another day trying to put on a happy face. Another day working hard to keep all the worry, negative feelings, stress and exhaustion buried inside. You are overwhelmed and can’t understand how you got here. Life is stressful. Constant worry, anxiousness, sadness, feelings of emptiness, irritability are all ways that our bodies can respond to the stress of life. Painful life experiences have a way of making us feel trapped. Maybe something painful has happened to you or your child recently or in the past and no matter how hard you have tried to work through it, nothing seems to be working.
(480) 718-7002 View (480) 718-7002
Photo of Liv Ryan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Liv Ryan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, MEd
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85028
If you seek a safe, non-judgmental place to heal, unload your concerns, and learn ways to more effectively get your needs met, you may have found your therapist. Because one size does not fit all, I take an eclectic approach honoring your truth, individuality, sexual orientation, and belief system as it unfolds in context of life circumstances. If you want to improve interpersonal communication, have aha moments of self awareness thinking and emotional habits that no longer serve you, together we can craft a plan for you to be the best version of you! I am trauma informed, have experience with veterans, am experienced in EMDR.
If you seek a safe, non-judgmental place to heal, unload your concerns, and learn ways to more effectively get your needs met, you may have found your therapist. Because one size does not fit all, I take an eclectic approach honoring your truth, individuality, sexual orientation, and belief system as it unfolds in context of life circumstances. If you want to improve interpersonal communication, have aha moments of self awareness thinking and emotional habits that no longer serve you, together we can craft a plan for you to be the best version of you! I am trauma informed, have experience with veterans, am experienced in EMDR.
(602) 932-1819 x703 View (602) 932-1819 x703
Photo of Moving Mountains Coaching in Phoenix, AZ
Moving Mountains Coaching
MS, MA, ACC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85042
My ideal client is looking for help and support in making themselves a priority and working towards creating a life filled with greater peace, self confidence and self love. My clients are looking to move past fear, overthinking, trauma, anxiety, and ptsd in order to achieve more of what they want most out of life. They are looking to move past prior crisis and trauma in different areas of their lives from health struggles, to family trauma and relationships. They want more out of life and are ready to get out of their own way. They want someone to help them understand their obstacles and develop a clear path toward their solutions
My ideal client is looking for help and support in making themselves a priority and working towards creating a life filled with greater peace, self confidence and self love. My clients are looking to move past fear, overthinking, trauma, anxiety, and ptsd in order to achieve more of what they want most out of life. They are looking to move past prior crisis and trauma in different areas of their lives from health struggles, to family trauma and relationships. They want more out of life and are ready to get out of their own way. They want someone to help them understand their obstacles and develop a clear path toward their solutions
(520) 231-7095 View (520) 231-7095
Photo of Alexandra Trusty, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Alexandra Trusty
Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85041
I believe that we all have the capacity for healing within ourselves. I specialize in working with children, adolescents, young adults, and caregivers. My goal is to instill hope and healing for clients presenting with concerns related to post-traumatic stress, attachment, anxiety, grief/loss, depression, disruptive behaviors, social skills, parenting, and/or relational distress.
I believe that we all have the capacity for healing within ourselves. I specialize in working with children, adolescents, young adults, and caregivers. My goal is to instill hope and healing for clients presenting with concerns related to post-traumatic stress, attachment, anxiety, grief/loss, depression, disruptive behaviors, social skills, parenting, and/or relational distress.
(480) 637-3413 View (480) 637-3413
Photo of Laura Heinzeroth, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Laura Heinzeroth
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85053  (Online Only)
I believe that by helping to lift clients up, I can provide hope for change and healing. I am a licensed professional counselor with trauma certification. I help people with a wide range of challenges including depression, anxiety and grief and loss. I work with individuals 18 years of age and up and utilize a variety of therapeutic interventions to help you feel better and reach your goals. My experience has taught me that everyone has specific needs, and I am here to meet those needs.
I believe that by helping to lift clients up, I can provide hope for change and healing. I am a licensed professional counselor with trauma certification. I help people with a wide range of challenges including depression, anxiety and grief and loss. I work with individuals 18 years of age and up and utilize a variety of therapeutic interventions to help you feel better and reach your goals. My experience has taught me that everyone has specific needs, and I am here to meet those needs.
(602) 691-5590 View (602) 691-5590
Photo of Dr. Anniken Pettersen, Psychologist in Phoenix, AZ
Dr. Anniken Pettersen
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85016
I provide a safe and supportive environment to help client's deal with general mental health problems, difficult life circumstances, and self-improvement. In-person and phone sessions are available. Specialty areas are treating anxiety, trauma, depression, mood disorders, and LGBTIQA+ related issues. Furthermore, I am board certified in Bariatric Counseling and can help develop strategies for weight management. Another interest area of mine is dealing with the psychological challenges of living with autoimmune disease. I do not offer couples or family counseling services. Nor do I offer psychological testing services at this time.
I provide a safe and supportive environment to help client's deal with general mental health problems, difficult life circumstances, and self-improvement. In-person and phone sessions are available. Specialty areas are treating anxiety, trauma, depression, mood disorders, and LGBTIQA+ related issues. Furthermore, I am board certified in Bariatric Counseling and can help develop strategies for weight management. Another interest area of mine is dealing with the psychological challenges of living with autoimmune disease. I do not offer couples or family counseling services. Nor do I offer psychological testing services at this time.
(602) 903-4942 View (602) 903-4942
Photo of ABRA Health “Dr. Gadson”, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
ABRA Health “Dr. Gadson”
Licensed Professional Counselor, DBH, LPC, MPC, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85034
I’m a Bilingual “Spanish and English” African American/Black Psychological Therapist with a Doctorate Degree. I work with all client ages, backgrounds, and behavioral needs. With an in-depth understanding of psychological disorders, treatment techniques, diagnosis, interventions, and referrals. This includes performing assessment and psychological testing with multiple disciplinary teams in Primary Care, Integrated Care and mental health settings. I provide solution to problems by using client’s strengths to combat challenges. I integrate the role of the mind, body, and spirit in therapy.
I’m a Bilingual “Spanish and English” African American/Black Psychological Therapist with a Doctorate Degree. I work with all client ages, backgrounds, and behavioral needs. With an in-depth understanding of psychological disorders, treatment techniques, diagnosis, interventions, and referrals. This includes performing assessment and psychological testing with multiple disciplinary teams in Primary Care, Integrated Care and mental health settings. I provide solution to problems by using client’s strengths to combat challenges. I integrate the role of the mind, body, and spirit in therapy.
(602) 671-0119 View (602) 671-0119

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Phoenix, AZ

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Phoenix, AZ who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress
69% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
67% BlueCross and BlueShield
66% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Phoenix, AZ see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Phoenix?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.