Therapists in Las Vegas, NV

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Photo of Dr. J'aime Nicole MacPherson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Las Vegas, NV
Dr. J'aime Nicole MacPherson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Las Vegas, NV 89134
I was voted into a 3-year term as Vice President of the Nevada Chapter for Postpartum Support International as of 2022. Private pay only - no insurance. I'm open to any client/situation. No judgment will ever come from me & I welcome anything to help me grow even more as a clinician. Believe me when I say that I'm here for you 100% & will utilize every resource I have to get you to the goal you are striving for in therapy. I want to channel the motivation & endurance you had to first look into therapy & take that to the next step of focusing on goals to move forward towards positive change.
I was voted into a 3-year term as Vice President of the Nevada Chapter for Postpartum Support International as of 2022. Private pay only - no insurance. I'm open to any client/situation. No judgment will ever come from me & I welcome anything to help me grow even more as a clinician. Believe me when I say that I'm here for you 100% & will utilize every resource I have to get you to the goal you are striving for in therapy. I want to channel the motivation & endurance you had to first look into therapy & take that to the next step of focusing on goals to move forward towards positive change.
(702) 872-3714 View (702) 872-3714
Photo of Kori Detmer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Las Vegas, NV
Kori Detmer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89148  (Online Only)
I believe we all grow and move towards reaching our full potential and mental wellness; but sometimes roadblocks or challenges can make us feel stuck. Therapy can help you find the tools and remove the roadblocks. The therapeutic relationship is a safe space to challenge old ways of approaching the world and build skills to be a healthier, happier you.
I believe we all grow and move towards reaching our full potential and mental wellness; but sometimes roadblocks or challenges can make us feel stuck. Therapy can help you find the tools and remove the roadblocks. The therapeutic relationship is a safe space to challenge old ways of approaching the world and build skills to be a healthier, happier you.
(725) 977-0633 View (725) 977-0633
Photo of Sasha DeCania, Marriage & Family Therapist in Las Vegas, NV
Sasha DeCania
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Las Vegas, NV 89118
Life feeling challenging right now or maybe it has been for a long time? Is your day or even the night hard to get through? Do you have things that have happened that maybe you can't share with friends and family? Or if you have shared, the people in your life have tried but can't seem to help you? Not living the quality of life you want or had hope for? You are certainly not alone. In the nearly 20 years I have worked helping people, I have seen many people just like you struggling with feeling sad, anxious, unwell, or just dissatisfied with how they feel or are living. It does not have to be that way.
Life feeling challenging right now or maybe it has been for a long time? Is your day or even the night hard to get through? Do you have things that have happened that maybe you can't share with friends and family? Or if you have shared, the people in your life have tried but can't seem to help you? Not living the quality of life you want or had hope for? You are certainly not alone. In the nearly 20 years I have worked helping people, I have seen many people just like you struggling with feeling sad, anxious, unwell, or just dissatisfied with how they feel or are living. It does not have to be that way.
(702) 628-9024 View (702) 628-9024
Photo of Steven Bonn, Counselor in Las Vegas, NV
Steven Bonn
Counselor, MS, LMFT, LCADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Las Vegas, NV 89130
Steven Bonn is a licensed marriage and family therapist, and his primary focus is in couples counseling. He is located near downtown Las Vegas, and his office is designed to inspire comfort and safety.
Steven Bonn is a licensed marriage and family therapist, and his primary focus is in couples counseling. He is located near downtown Las Vegas, and his office is designed to inspire comfort and safety.
(702) 723-6867 View (702) 723-6867
Photo of Kati Randell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Las Vegas, NV
Kati Randell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Las Vegas, NV 89117
***ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS*** Marriage and Couples Counseling available. Do you struggle with challenging behavior patterns? Are you fighting against low self-esteem and unhealthy boundaries? Having difficulty identifying with your relationships or healing from trauma. Individual and couples therapy is a positive way to prioritize time to focus on issues and personal growth. You may have been feeling a mixture of doing the best with what you had and feeling completely overwhelmed! But now you are looking for support in addressing your problems head-on, making long-standing changes, and doing the work involved in therapy.
***ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS*** Marriage and Couples Counseling available. Do you struggle with challenging behavior patterns? Are you fighting against low self-esteem and unhealthy boundaries? Having difficulty identifying with your relationships or healing from trauma. Individual and couples therapy is a positive way to prioritize time to focus on issues and personal growth. You may have been feeling a mixture of doing the best with what you had and feeling completely overwhelmed! But now you are looking for support in addressing your problems head-on, making long-standing changes, and doing the work involved in therapy.
(702) 903-4933 View (702) 903-4933
Photo of Dr. Nicole Parkes, Psychologist in Las Vegas, NV
Dr. Nicole Parkes
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89123  (Online Only)
Are you sick and tired of feeling down, anxious, stressed out, out of sorts? Do you feel like you can’t talk to the people in your life about your problems because they brush you off or they just don’t get it? I specialize in helping people get through the rough patches. Depression, anxiety, relationship issues, trauma—whatever it is pulling you down, I can help bring you back up. Healing is possible and you have everything inside of you to heal and to live a really beautiful life, that’s just perfect for you. Sometimes we get stuck and have old, unresolved pain that prevents us from living in our own truth and light.
Are you sick and tired of feeling down, anxious, stressed out, out of sorts? Do you feel like you can’t talk to the people in your life about your problems because they brush you off or they just don’t get it? I specialize in helping people get through the rough patches. Depression, anxiety, relationship issues, trauma—whatever it is pulling you down, I can help bring you back up. Healing is possible and you have everything inside of you to heal and to live a really beautiful life, that’s just perfect for you. Sometimes we get stuck and have old, unresolved pain that prevents us from living in our own truth and light.
(702) 941-8807 View (702) 941-8807
Photo of Melissa Riggins, Marriage & Family Therapist in Las Vegas, NV
Melissa Riggins
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LAC, LCADC
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89129  (Online Only)
Do you struggle to establish meaningful and fulfilling relationships within your life, or feel stuck in a rut and overwhelmed with possibility? If this sounds like you, you're in the right place. Hello! I'm Melissa Riggins, and I am so glad you're here! I am fully licensed in both Colorado and Nevada. I work with both individual and couples presenting for a variety of reasons, ranging from mood disorders and self-esteem to relational issues and infidelity. I am passionate about helping each of my clients meet their full potential, enhance the quality of their relationships, and overall assist in making their life dreams come true.
Do you struggle to establish meaningful and fulfilling relationships within your life, or feel stuck in a rut and overwhelmed with possibility? If this sounds like you, you're in the right place. Hello! I'm Melissa Riggins, and I am so glad you're here! I am fully licensed in both Colorado and Nevada. I work with both individual and couples presenting for a variety of reasons, ranging from mood disorders and self-esteem to relational issues and infidelity. I am passionate about helping each of my clients meet their full potential, enhance the quality of their relationships, and overall assist in making their life dreams come true.
(725) 527-6940 View (725) 527-6940
Photo of Rhonda Duncombe, Marriage & Family Therapist in Las Vegas, NV
Rhonda Duncombe
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, LADC
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89117
Connection can be one of the most transforming experiences in your life. Counseling is a process that can offer a therapeutic connection to enable you make transformations in your relationships, find healing from trauma, and find relief from depression and anxiety; just to name a few. I have made that kind of connection with many clients who have begun that transforming experience one step at a time. Once you take that first step, you can begin a ripple of change towards success in many areas of your life.
Connection can be one of the most transforming experiences in your life. Counseling is a process that can offer a therapeutic connection to enable you make transformations in your relationships, find healing from trauma, and find relief from depression and anxiety; just to name a few. I have made that kind of connection with many clients who have begun that transforming experience one step at a time. Once you take that first step, you can begin a ripple of change towards success in many areas of your life.
(702) 551-5239 View (702) 551-5239
Photo of Reflections Therapy-Dr. Soseh Esmaeili, PsyD, PLLC, Psychologist in Las Vegas, NV
Reflections Therapy-Dr. Soseh Esmaeili, PsyD, PLLC
Psychologist, MA, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Las Vegas, NV 89128
Reflections Therapy is a veteran owned mental health practice at the scenic Lakeside Business Complex in Summerlin that provides individual and family therapy for children, teens, & adults. The Reflections Therapy clinicians use collaborative and empathetic approaches to treatment to help individuals improve their lives. Our team includes Dr. Soseh Esmaeili, & Dr. Chris Shewbarran, Licensed Psychologists and colleagues working under Dr. Esmaeili's license- Dr. Vanessa Ma, Dr. Desiree Misanko. Dr. Dorota Krotkiewicz, Ms. Nikia Duncun.
Reflections Therapy is a veteran owned mental health practice at the scenic Lakeside Business Complex in Summerlin that provides individual and family therapy for children, teens, & adults. The Reflections Therapy clinicians use collaborative and empathetic approaches to treatment to help individuals improve their lives. Our team includes Dr. Soseh Esmaeili, & Dr. Chris Shewbarran, Licensed Psychologists and colleagues working under Dr. Esmaeili's license- Dr. Vanessa Ma, Dr. Desiree Misanko. Dr. Dorota Krotkiewicz, Ms. Nikia Duncun.
(702) 664-8946 View (702) 664-8946
Photo of Lisa Schapiro, Marriage & Family Therapist in Las Vegas, NV
Lisa Schapiro
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89103
Accepting New Clients. My practice is highly focused on helping couples and individuals change painful conflict cycles into deep connected bonds. I want to help you move toward your goals and live a meaningful and connected life. Many of those I work with have tried therapy before with little success and come to me discouraged. You do not need to continue to suffer. I come from a client-centered approach with the greatest attention to creating a trusting and safe therapeutic relationship to foster change in your life. I really value and encourage my clients to make sense of their pain and begin the steps to healing and growth.
Accepting New Clients. My practice is highly focused on helping couples and individuals change painful conflict cycles into deep connected bonds. I want to help you move toward your goals and live a meaningful and connected life. Many of those I work with have tried therapy before with little success and come to me discouraged. You do not need to continue to suffer. I come from a client-centered approach with the greatest attention to creating a trusting and safe therapeutic relationship to foster change in your life. I really value and encourage my clients to make sense of their pain and begin the steps to healing and growth.
(702) 903-2871 View (702) 903-2871
Photo of Arianna Gonzalez-Bueno, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Las Vegas, NV
Arianna Gonzalez-Bueno
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Las Vegas, NV 89120  (Online Only)
Struggling with depression, anxiety, and family issues could feel isolating. However, you don’t have to deal with it on your own. I am passionate about helping clients navigate challenging and stressful life events by providing a compassionate and supportive treatment environment that promotes healing, learning, and growth. I offer a combination of mindfulness, understanding the connection between the body and mind, and learning coping skills to reduce the symptoms and create long-lasting healthy habits.
Struggling with depression, anxiety, and family issues could feel isolating. However, you don’t have to deal with it on your own. I am passionate about helping clients navigate challenging and stressful life events by providing a compassionate and supportive treatment environment that promotes healing, learning, and growth. I offer a combination of mindfulness, understanding the connection between the body and mind, and learning coping skills to reduce the symptoms and create long-lasting healthy habits.
(702) 842-9860 View (702) 842-9860
Photo of Sheri Slater, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Las Vegas, NV
Sheri Slater
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Las Vegas, NV 89147
I love working with clients who struggle with anxiety, depression and medical issues. I have a lot of knowledge and experience navigating the world when medical trauma and struggles threaten to get in the way of normal functioning. I am passionate about helping people learn how to advocate for themselves through effective communication. I am trained in EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) therapy, which has been shown to be highly effective in helping people recovery from trauma.
I love working with clients who struggle with anxiety, depression and medical issues. I have a lot of knowledge and experience navigating the world when medical trauma and struggles threaten to get in the way of normal functioning. I am passionate about helping people learn how to advocate for themselves through effective communication. I am trained in EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) therapy, which has been shown to be highly effective in helping people recovery from trauma.
(725) 888-5633 View (725) 888-5633
Photo of Jocelyn Ruvalcaba, Pre-Licensed Professional in Las Vegas, NV
Jocelyn Ruvalcaba
Pre-Licensed Professional, CPC, Student
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89118
Waitlist for new clients
Accepting clients mid May... Do you feel reactive? Do you notice yourself lashing out at others and not understanding why? Do you feel misunderstood or cannot stop overthinking? Do you feel your thoughts spiraling from one direction to the other and not understanding why? I am here to explain and assist you with the healing process and guide you through this difficult chapter of your life. Sometimes we need new perspectives and reminders that it is okay to be gentle with ourselves.
Accepting clients mid May... Do you feel reactive? Do you notice yourself lashing out at others and not understanding why? Do you feel misunderstood or cannot stop overthinking? Do you feel your thoughts spiraling from one direction to the other and not understanding why? I am here to explain and assist you with the healing process and guide you through this difficult chapter of your life. Sometimes we need new perspectives and reminders that it is okay to be gentle with ourselves.
(725) 226-3785 View (725) 226-3785
Photo of Lynne Berardi, Marriage & Family Therapist in Las Vegas, NV
Lynne Berardi
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, LADC, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89117
Not accepting new clients
***I am currently not accepting new clients.***
***I am currently not accepting new clients.***
(702) 712-4150 View (702) 712-4150
Photo of Julia M-Lopez Winkel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Las Vegas, NV
Julia M-Lopez Winkel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89121
Feel stuck in anxiety, depression, grief, or navigating tricky relationships? You're not alone. I'm Julia, here to be your buddy on the road to getting back to feeling your best. I'm passionate about boosting mental health and supporting you through tough times and big life shifts.
Feel stuck in anxiety, depression, grief, or navigating tricky relationships? You're not alone. I'm Julia, here to be your buddy on the road to getting back to feeling your best. I'm passionate about boosting mental health and supporting you through tough times and big life shifts.
(725) 800-7587 View (725) 800-7587
Photo of Warren John Wheatley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Las Vegas, NV
Warren John Wheatley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, ACSW, LCSW, DCSW
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89145
I have been been a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Nevada since 1992. I hold the ACSW certification (Academy of Certified Social Workers), and the DCSW (The Diplomate in Clinical Social Work). Working in the Mental Health field since October of 1980. 38 years of experience in psychotherapy, which has included writing many programs especially for Groups which included Anger, Stress, Bipolar, Couples and most recently since 2006 for Pathological Gambling. I am well skilled and versed in using CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy), and has a strong evidence base and practice knowledge in using REBT, Rational Emotive Behavioral therapy.
I have been been a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Nevada since 1992. I hold the ACSW certification (Academy of Certified Social Workers), and the DCSW (The Diplomate in Clinical Social Work). Working in the Mental Health field since October of 1980. 38 years of experience in psychotherapy, which has included writing many programs especially for Groups which included Anger, Stress, Bipolar, Couples and most recently since 2006 for Pathological Gambling. I am well skilled and versed in using CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy), and has a strong evidence base and practice knowledge in using REBT, Rational Emotive Behavioral therapy.
(702) 803-8174 View (702) 803-8174
Photo of Kelle Simmons, Pre-Licensed Professional in Las Vegas, NV
Kelle Simmons
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89106
Hello! My name is Kelle Simmons and I am a student pursuing a masters in social work from the University of Nevada-Reno. I enjoy working with adolescents and adults of all ages. I want to help clients address their anxiety, struggles in personal relationships, self-concept drawbacks, parenting obstacles, and maternal mental health. I am passionate about serving members of the LGBTQ+ community, new parents, recent graduates, individuals seeking life coaching, and those working through weight loss goals and self-esteem worries.
Hello! My name is Kelle Simmons and I am a student pursuing a masters in social work from the University of Nevada-Reno. I enjoy working with adolescents and adults of all ages. I want to help clients address their anxiety, struggles in personal relationships, self-concept drawbacks, parenting obstacles, and maternal mental health. I am passionate about serving members of the LGBTQ+ community, new parents, recent graduates, individuals seeking life coaching, and those working through weight loss goals and self-esteem worries.
(725) 215-0429 View (725) 215-0429
Photo of Kim Scott Boschee, Marriage & Family Therapist in Las Vegas, NV
Kim Scott Boschee
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89148
Are you feeling depressed? Anxious? Making poor life choices and not sure why? It happens. Therapy is a safe place to address your concerns. And we won't just talk - together, we will take clear, decisive, and thoughtful action to move you out of your current predicament. We will identify underlining triggers, trauma-responses, and destructive attachment issues and together, build better communication/coping skills, cultivating movement, growth, and hope.
Are you feeling depressed? Anxious? Making poor life choices and not sure why? It happens. Therapy is a safe place to address your concerns. And we won't just talk - together, we will take clear, decisive, and thoughtful action to move you out of your current predicament. We will identify underlining triggers, trauma-responses, and destructive attachment issues and together, build better communication/coping skills, cultivating movement, growth, and hope.
(702) 827-0024 View (702) 827-0024
Photo of Carol Lee Cathey, Marriage & Family Therapist in Las Vegas, NV
Carol Lee Cathey
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, LADC, RN
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89134
I believe in the uniqueness of every individual - that we are each a spoecial combination of personality, beliefs, abilities and life experiences. That is why I take an eclectic approach to my counseling, thereby tailoring our work together to your personality, needs and goals. In this way I can help you grow in self awareness and understanding in order to develop your own strengths and resources to deal successfully with life's problems.
I believe in the uniqueness of every individual - that we are each a spoecial combination of personality, beliefs, abilities and life experiences. That is why I take an eclectic approach to my counseling, thereby tailoring our work together to your personality, needs and goals. In this way I can help you grow in self awareness and understanding in order to develop your own strengths and resources to deal successfully with life's problems.
(702) 714-1971 View (702) 714-1971
Photo of Dina Noricks, Marriage & Family Therapist in Las Vegas, NV
Dina Noricks
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Las Vegas, NV 89134
I believe a therapist should have a plan of action that works with a wide range of clients without making personal judgments. The plan should embrace your way of thinking, your goals, and your morality. That's the kind of therapist I would be for you. Whether working with families, couples or individuals, I would want to understand what went wrong and how you tried to fix it. Then find something new. The new solution lies in healing your own history: your resentments, losses, disappointments, and traumas. Healing these things will make you whole, as a person or as part of a couple.
I believe a therapist should have a plan of action that works with a wide range of clients without making personal judgments. The plan should embrace your way of thinking, your goals, and your morality. That's the kind of therapist I would be for you. Whether working with families, couples or individuals, I would want to understand what went wrong and how you tried to fix it. Then find something new. The new solution lies in healing your own history: your resentments, losses, disappointments, and traumas. Healing these things will make you whole, as a person or as part of a couple.
(702) 430-2682 View (702) 430-2682

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Las Vegas, NV

1,000+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Las Vegas, NV who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Self Esteem
76% Trauma and PTSD
75% Relationship Issues
71% Coping Skills
71% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Aetna
61% Cigna and Evernorth
59% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Las Vegas, NV see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Las Vegas?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.