Therapists in Chattanooga, TN

Photo of Dr. Lorrie Byrd Slater, Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Dr. Lorrie Byrd Slater
Counselor, PhD, LMFT, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37404
Life can become overwhelming at times. I consider it a privilege to walk through difficult parts of your journey with you. Life transitions, family distress and conflict, abuse, divorce, anxiety, depression, as well as child and adolescent behavioral concerns, can leave you feeling helpless. I am honored to help you find your strength to cope in times of pain and suffering.
Life can become overwhelming at times. I consider it a privilege to walk through difficult parts of your journey with you. Life transitions, family distress and conflict, abuse, divorce, anxiety, depression, as well as child and adolescent behavioral concerns, can leave you feeling helpless. I am honored to help you find your strength to cope in times of pain and suffering.
(423) 437-0859 View (423) 437-0859
Photo of Christopher Byrnes, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Christopher Byrnes
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37421
Mental illnesses, addictions and relationship problems - I have found that these three arenas are where most of our pain centers. And also where so much work has been done. You've gotten this far, and I'd consider it a privilege to fight the next battle alongside you.
Mental illnesses, addictions and relationship problems - I have found that these three arenas are where most of our pain centers. And also where so much work has been done. You've gotten this far, and I'd consider it a privilege to fight the next battle alongside you.
(423) 454-2667 View (423) 454-2667
Photo of Marlenny E. Johnson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Marlenny E. Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37411  (Online Only)
I have served in the field of Mental Health for a decade. I have worked in Hospital In-patient settings, as well as private practice. I adhere to a compassionate, holistic, and eclectic approach. I deeply believe in the importance of applying/engaging diversity, individuality and systems which interact with your journey to success and healing. Furthermore, I value elements of self-determination, uniqueness and strength.
I have served in the field of Mental Health for a decade. I have worked in Hospital In-patient settings, as well as private practice. I adhere to a compassionate, holistic, and eclectic approach. I deeply believe in the importance of applying/engaging diversity, individuality and systems which interact with your journey to success and healing. Furthermore, I value elements of self-determination, uniqueness and strength.
(334) 203-9155 View (334) 203-9155
Photo of Erin Rayburn, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Erin Rayburn
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC-MHS, NCC, EAGALA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37405
Stressed? Tired? Can’t seem to get ahead? Don't like yourself? Finding that sense of security and strength in the midst of changes, challenges, and relationships is difficult, and some feel that taking time to stop and reflect is impossible; yet often it is one of the most important steps in moving forward or getting unstuck. Stopping and working with a trained therapist can help facilitate change in meaningful and impactful ways. It can also help avoid a complete life derailment. I believe that the work I do with my clients is sacred, which is why I employee some of the most up to date and clinically validated treatment techniques.
Stressed? Tired? Can’t seem to get ahead? Don't like yourself? Finding that sense of security and strength in the midst of changes, challenges, and relationships is difficult, and some feel that taking time to stop and reflect is impossible; yet often it is one of the most important steps in moving forward or getting unstuck. Stopping and working with a trained therapist can help facilitate change in meaningful and impactful ways. It can also help avoid a complete life derailment. I believe that the work I do with my clients is sacred, which is why I employee some of the most up to date and clinically validated treatment techniques.
(423) 218-4940 View (423) 218-4940
Photo of Kelli R Holliday, Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Kelli R Holliday
Counselor, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37408
Holistic wellness is my goal for all. If you struggle to believe in yourself, have relationship problems, or are in a life transition phase that feels overwhelming, please give me a chance to help. I can support you by helping you find your values and set goals that align with them. My counseling style incorporates mind, body, and spirit for holistic healing because I believe that we need to take care of all of these parts of ourselves to heal truly. Every person has value and worth, allow me to help you realize yours.
Holistic wellness is my goal for all. If you struggle to believe in yourself, have relationship problems, or are in a life transition phase that feels overwhelming, please give me a chance to help. I can support you by helping you find your values and set goals that align with them. My counseling style incorporates mind, body, and spirit for holistic healing because I believe that we need to take care of all of these parts of ourselves to heal truly. Every person has value and worth, allow me to help you realize yours.
(423) 840-8709 View (423) 840-8709
Photo of Sam David Bernard Phd in Chattanooga, TN
Sam David Bernard Phd
SPE-HSP, NCC, EAP-C, FAAETS, DAAETS
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37421  (Online Only)
Originally licensed in 1988, I've been in private practice since 1997 in Chattanooga, TN. I focus on crisis intervention and short-term psychotherapy to get clients stabilized and back out enjoying life ASAP. I do a thorough assessment of life to know past and current events may be impacting your current situation. I see life situations as developmental - not always pathological, thus I use education and learning to address life's challenges. While it's not all about your parents, one's history does play a major role in how we learn to cope with life. Be ready to learn some new ways to cope with life events.
Originally licensed in 1988, I've been in private practice since 1997 in Chattanooga, TN. I focus on crisis intervention and short-term psychotherapy to get clients stabilized and back out enjoying life ASAP. I do a thorough assessment of life to know past and current events may be impacting your current situation. I see life situations as developmental - not always pathological, thus I use education and learning to address life's challenges. While it's not all about your parents, one's history does play a major role in how we learn to cope with life. Be ready to learn some new ways to cope with life events.
(423) 471-8644 View (423) 471-8644
Photo of Lindsay-Jean (Lj) Brehm, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chattanooga, TN
Lindsay-Jean (Lj) Brehm
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37421
Waitlist for new clients
Are you wondering if therapy is right for you? If you are eager to understand yourself better, work on having more fulfilling and mutually beneficial relationships, heal from broken relationships, embrace major changes in your life, and feel more powerful in your own life, then working with me may facilitate the change that you desire. I work from a Psychodynamic perspective and am heavily influenced by Humanistic theories and techniques. I view clients holistically. I strive to support clients by meeting them where they are, joining with them, and creating a safe environment in which they are able to move toward wellness.
Are you wondering if therapy is right for you? If you are eager to understand yourself better, work on having more fulfilling and mutually beneficial relationships, heal from broken relationships, embrace major changes in your life, and feel more powerful in your own life, then working with me may facilitate the change that you desire. I work from a Psychodynamic perspective and am heavily influenced by Humanistic theories and techniques. I view clients holistically. I strive to support clients by meeting them where they are, joining with them, and creating a safe environment in which they are able to move toward wellness.
(423) 556-4005 View (423) 556-4005
Photo of Erica Skidmore, Psychologist in Chattanooga, TN
Erica Skidmore
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
You have found the courage to begin, and you want someone to walk with you. Maybe you are tired of feeling the crushing weight of anxiety or depression. Maybe you are the parent of a child with special needs, and you don't know what to do next, but you know you need to do something. Maybe you are finally admitting to yourself the truth about your sexuality, spirituality, or situation, and you are ready to grow into the person you are meant to be. I would be honored to join you on your journey.
You have found the courage to begin, and you want someone to walk with you. Maybe you are tired of feeling the crushing weight of anxiety or depression. Maybe you are the parent of a child with special needs, and you don't know what to do next, but you know you need to do something. Maybe you are finally admitting to yourself the truth about your sexuality, spirituality, or situation, and you are ready to grow into the person you are meant to be. I would be honored to join you on your journey.
(423) 299-4990 View (423) 299-4990
Photo of Nancy Graves Wahler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Nancy Graves Wahler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37421
Scheduling April 17th and later. I'm a Christian and Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years experience treating people struggling with PTSD, grief, anxiety, anger management, depression and other trauma-related issues. I am EMDR certified and an EMDR consultant and trained in Clinical Hypnosis and Brainspotting level 1. All are treatments for trauma, depression, and anxiety according to the latest research in neuroscience. I enjoy partnering with First Responders, military, adults and teenagers to help them work through whatever issues are interfering with their joy. If you have any questions, call or send me an email.
Scheduling April 17th and later. I'm a Christian and Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years experience treating people struggling with PTSD, grief, anxiety, anger management, depression and other trauma-related issues. I am EMDR certified and an EMDR consultant and trained in Clinical Hypnosis and Brainspotting level 1. All are treatments for trauma, depression, and anxiety according to the latest research in neuroscience. I enjoy partnering with First Responders, military, adults and teenagers to help them work through whatever issues are interfering with their joy. If you have any questions, call or send me an email.
(423) 560-6353 View (423) 560-6353
Photo of Cassandra Riddle, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chattanooga, TN
Cassandra Riddle
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC, MHSP, Temp
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37404
Finding the right person to help with life’s problems can be an overwhelming task. Aided by her warmth and authenticity, Cassandra creates an environment where clients feel supported and empowered to share their experiences. She has decades of life experience working with adolescents and adults across multiple settings, which informs her practice. Cassandra works with clients who have experienced a life change, trauma, grief/loss and are experiencing adjustment difficulties, anxiety, and/or depression. She provides individual therapy for adolescents, adults as well as couples therapy.
Finding the right person to help with life’s problems can be an overwhelming task. Aided by her warmth and authenticity, Cassandra creates an environment where clients feel supported and empowered to share their experiences. She has decades of life experience working with adolescents and adults across multiple settings, which informs her practice. Cassandra works with clients who have experienced a life change, trauma, grief/loss and are experiencing adjustment difficulties, anxiety, and/or depression. She provides individual therapy for adolescents, adults as well as couples therapy.
(754) 220-5946 View (754) 220-5946
Photo of Morgan Boles @ Chattanooga Dbt, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chattanooga, TN
Morgan Boles @ Chattanooga Dbt
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
I was drawn to counseling as a career because of the incredible personal experience I have had with healing in community. We are not meant to go through life alone. My passion and heart is to help others succeed and thrive in life. I want to partner alongside and support clients in their journey towards holistic health (mind, body, spirit) and healing. We are often wounded in relationships and the therapy relationship can be an incredible restorative and corrective tool.
I was drawn to counseling as a career because of the incredible personal experience I have had with healing in community. We are not meant to go through life alone. My passion and heart is to help others succeed and thrive in life. I want to partner alongside and support clients in their journey towards holistic health (mind, body, spirit) and healing. We are often wounded in relationships and the therapy relationship can be an incredible restorative and corrective tool.
(423) 375-8838 View (423) 375-8838
Photo of Andrea Milligan Moody, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Andrea Milligan Moody
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, RPT
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37404
Through the therapeutic relationship, I provide a safe and inviting place to be vulnerable, to process life adjustments, and to begin learning healthy coping skills. I have 10 years of experience engaging in counseling relationships with children, adolescents, and adults in the Chattanooga area. I believe that change begins in the context of an authentic relationship and that every unique story deserves to be heard. Drawing from family systems, interpersonal, and cognitive-behavioral approaches, I provide evidence-based therapy for both individuals and families.
Through the therapeutic relationship, I provide a safe and inviting place to be vulnerable, to process life adjustments, and to begin learning healthy coping skills. I have 10 years of experience engaging in counseling relationships with children, adolescents, and adults in the Chattanooga area. I believe that change begins in the context of an authentic relationship and that every unique story deserves to be heard. Drawing from family systems, interpersonal, and cognitive-behavioral approaches, I provide evidence-based therapy for both individuals and families.
(423) 214-2692 View (423) 214-2692
Photo of Lauren Haley, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chattanooga, TN
Lauren Haley
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37419  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with people across the lifespan as they navigate through life's challenges. I see clients for a variety of issues such as anxiety, depression, school/behavior issues, grief/loss, self-esteem, shame/guilt, and trauma. I especially enjoy working with neurodivergent individuals. My clients are looking for positive change in their lives and are ready to explore, grow, and challenge themselves.
I enjoy working with people across the lifespan as they navigate through life's challenges. I see clients for a variety of issues such as anxiety, depression, school/behavior issues, grief/loss, self-esteem, shame/guilt, and trauma. I especially enjoy working with neurodivergent individuals. My clients are looking for positive change in their lives and are ready to explore, grow, and challenge themselves.
(423) 436-8306 View (423) 436-8306
Photo of Kristin Stark, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Kristin Stark
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CPTT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
Not accepting new clients
You've just found out your partner has betrayed you and you feel shocked and heartbroken. Research and reading countless articles and books to try and make sense out of it hasn’t worked and you're still hurting. It’s lonely and feels hopeless. You see your friends and wonder if you are the only one that's been betrayed. On the outside, no one would ever know, but on the inside, you fear your relationship never be the same and it has to be something you learn to accept. The frustrating part is that you had no idea and were completely blindsided. You thought you knew who your partner is, but now you're questioning everything.
You've just found out your partner has betrayed you and you feel shocked and heartbroken. Research and reading countless articles and books to try and make sense out of it hasn’t worked and you're still hurting. It’s lonely and feels hopeless. You see your friends and wonder if you are the only one that's been betrayed. On the outside, no one would ever know, but on the inside, you fear your relationship never be the same and it has to be something you learn to accept. The frustrating part is that you had no idea and were completely blindsided. You thought you knew who your partner is, but now you're questioning everything.
(423) 446-1431 View (423) 446-1431
Photo of Amanda Jones, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Amanda Jones
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC-, MHSP, CEDS
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37404
As a counselor, I believe that no person is beyond helping, regardless of prior therapy experience, life history, or their current situation. I provide a safe and welcoming environment in which people are able to talk without fear of judgment, and can feel heard and validated. I believe in treating the roots of the issues, rather than providing Band-Aids for symptoms, and am passionate about empowering individuals to recognize their own strengths and abilities. I provide therapy from an interpersonal perspective, in which I believe relationship is the catalyst for healing.
As a counselor, I believe that no person is beyond helping, regardless of prior therapy experience, life history, or their current situation. I provide a safe and welcoming environment in which people are able to talk without fear of judgment, and can feel heard and validated. I believe in treating the roots of the issues, rather than providing Band-Aids for symptoms, and am passionate about empowering individuals to recognize their own strengths and abilities. I provide therapy from an interpersonal perspective, in which I believe relationship is the catalyst for healing.
(423) 250-1707 View (423) 250-1707
Photo of Heidi Kilmer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Heidi Kilmer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37404  (Online Only)
Heidi Kilmer is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) with over 13 years of professional experience assisting children, teens, adults, and seniors with concerns and challenges related to divorce, family conflict, parenting challenges, dysfunctional relationships, low self-esteem, and more.
Heidi Kilmer is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) with over 13 years of professional experience assisting children, teens, adults, and seniors with concerns and challenges related to divorce, family conflict, parenting challenges, dysfunctional relationships, low self-esteem, and more.
(423) 435-0416 View (423) 435-0416
Photo of Kathryn Vinson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Kathryn Vinson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR, LPCMHSP, LMHC
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37415  (Online Only)
There are times in our lives where we feel overwhelmed and are experiencing emotional distress for a variety of reasons. Working with a therapist can help with addressing these difficulties and finding the right tools to assist and move forward in life. I specialize in working with individuals who have experienced trauma. Coping with traumatic experiences can lead to many difficult paths, including struggles with: anxiety, depression, panic attacks, nightmares, fear, poor self-worth, addictions, physical pain, difficult relationship dynamics, safety issues, and negative thoughts.
There are times in our lives where we feel overwhelmed and are experiencing emotional distress for a variety of reasons. Working with a therapist can help with addressing these difficulties and finding the right tools to assist and move forward in life. I specialize in working with individuals who have experienced trauma. Coping with traumatic experiences can lead to many difficult paths, including struggles with: anxiety, depression, panic attacks, nightmares, fear, poor self-worth, addictions, physical pain, difficult relationship dynamics, safety issues, and negative thoughts.
(206) 380-9328 View (206) 380-9328
Photo of Jason Brazier, Pastoral Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Jason Brazier
Pastoral Counselor, LCPT
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37421
My fundamental belief is that we are created from community for community. We long for a place of safety where we can fully share ourselves with others. As a counselor, I try to provide a safe place for clients who are going through difficult times by offering options for healing and growth.
My fundamental belief is that we are created from community for community. We long for a place of safety where we can fully share ourselves with others. As a counselor, I try to provide a safe place for clients who are going through difficult times by offering options for healing and growth.
(423) 250-9709 View (423) 250-9709
Photo of Deborah Lancaster, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Deborah Lancaster
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37408
Not accepting new clients
It takes tremendous courage to choose to walk through difficult places on the path towards healing, and it takes even more courage to invite a counselor to walk with you. I consider it an honor to join with my clients as they face the challenges in life, whether it be wounds from trauma, struggles with managing mood and thoughts, issues with relational functioning, sexuality or unhealthy coping. I believe there is power in relationship and I consider it a joy to help clients learn how to better relate to themselves, others and the world around them.
It takes tremendous courage to choose to walk through difficult places on the path towards healing, and it takes even more courage to invite a counselor to walk with you. I consider it an honor to join with my clients as they face the challenges in life, whether it be wounds from trauma, struggles with managing mood and thoughts, issues with relational functioning, sexuality or unhealthy coping. I believe there is power in relationship and I consider it a joy to help clients learn how to better relate to themselves, others and the world around them.
(423) 438-1829 View (423) 438-1829
Photo of Kristen McGeehon, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Kristen McGeehon
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37411
As humans, we innately desire to be connected to and understood by others. For some, connection feels terrifying, confusing, and unsafe. I can help you build and foster a life with fulfilling relationships, with others & with yourself. My goal is to help you access bravery & empowerment so that your whole, authentic self drives your actions instead of fear. Stop obsessing, people pleasing, & stewing in resentment. Heal the root of feeling misunderstood, unloveable, and out of place. Learn to engage in honest conversations rather than only speaking your truth when you're alone. Create powerful community and deep meaning in your life.
As humans, we innately desire to be connected to and understood by others. For some, connection feels terrifying, confusing, and unsafe. I can help you build and foster a life with fulfilling relationships, with others & with yourself. My goal is to help you access bravery & empowerment so that your whole, authentic self drives your actions instead of fear. Stop obsessing, people pleasing, & stewing in resentment. Heal the root of feeling misunderstood, unloveable, and out of place. Learn to engage in honest conversations rather than only speaking your truth when you're alone. Create powerful community and deep meaning in your life.
(423) 589-1816 View (423) 589-1816

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chattanooga, TN

400+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Chattanooga, TN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
76% Trauma and PTSD
75% Coping Skills
74% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Cigna and Evernorth
71% Aetna
63% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chattanooga, TN see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chattanooga?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.