Therapists in Memphis, TN

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Photo of Alex Hunt, Pre-Licensed Professional in Memphis, TN
Alex Hunt
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38117
The depression, anxiety, and grief that come with facing life as it is without numbing it or frantically trying to keep it together can be really heavy. “Sometimes to get your life back, you have to face the death of what you thought your life would look like.” -Lysa TerKeurst. It is an honor to help clients courageously encounter their stories and find strength and hope to live fully.
The depression, anxiety, and grief that come with facing life as it is without numbing it or frantically trying to keep it together can be really heavy. “Sometimes to get your life back, you have to face the death of what you thought your life would look like.” -Lysa TerKeurst. It is an honor to help clients courageously encounter their stories and find strength and hope to live fully.
(901) 673-9663 View (901) 673-9663
Photo of Natalie Pritchard, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Natalie Pritchard
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38117
Waitlist for new clients
You deserve to live the life you desire, and I can help you get there. I believe that compassion, curiosity, and connection are fundamental for healing and growth. I meet my clients where they are with empathy and openness in order to help them experience less anxiety and depression & more authenticity and freedom. I take a collaborative approach by using IFS and EMDR to help clients develop a deeper understanding of their unique patterns, work through past trauma, unburden them from negative core beliefs, establish positive/safe connections, and offer mindful strategies to cope with life's challenges.
You deserve to live the life you desire, and I can help you get there. I believe that compassion, curiosity, and connection are fundamental for healing and growth. I meet my clients where they are with empathy and openness in order to help them experience less anxiety and depression & more authenticity and freedom. I take a collaborative approach by using IFS and EMDR to help clients develop a deeper understanding of their unique patterns, work through past trauma, unburden them from negative core beliefs, establish positive/safe connections, and offer mindful strategies to cope with life's challenges.
(901) 472-3331 View (901) 472-3331
Photo of Sandra Anne Hobson, Counselor in Memphis, TN
Sandra Anne Hobson
Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38104
Do you work too much but don't feel like you do enough? Can't leave the office? Find it hard to relax in healthy ways? Do you have dreams? What did you want to do when you were a little kid? Have you met your goals for yourself? Do you have nightmares? Rigid behaviors you would like to change? I can help you to understand yourself better. In doing so you can learn to access your internal powers to make changes in your life. I can help you discover and affirm your unique self.
Do you work too much but don't feel like you do enough? Can't leave the office? Find it hard to relax in healthy ways? Do you have dreams? What did you want to do when you were a little kid? Have you met your goals for yourself? Do you have nightmares? Rigid behaviors you would like to change? I can help you to understand yourself better. In doing so you can learn to access your internal powers to make changes in your life. I can help you discover and affirm your unique self.
(901) 878-3207 View (901) 878-3207
Photo of Kierica Barnett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Kierica Barnett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BA, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38119
Seeking support is a courageous step towards healing and growth. If you're struggling with life's challenge, feeling weighed down by past traumas, or finding it hard to navigate through difficult emotions, know that you're not alone. I offer a safe space for individuals, couples, families, and teens to explore their feelings and experiences.
Seeking support is a courageous step towards healing and growth. If you're struggling with life's challenge, feeling weighed down by past traumas, or finding it hard to navigate through difficult emotions, know that you're not alone. I offer a safe space for individuals, couples, families, and teens to explore their feelings and experiences.
(901) 519-3539 View (901) 519-3539
Photo of Carissa Bacon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Carissa Bacon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38103
Hello there! I'm thrilled that you're here, considering taking a meaningful step towards your journey of self-discovery and growth. If you find yourself yearning for more in life but haven't quite committed to investing in your well-being, you're in the right place. Do you ever sense untapped potential within you, yet grapple with challenges like anxiety, wavering motivation, or self-doubt? Imagine a life filled with renewed passion, not just for your relationships with others but also for your relationship with yourself and your spiritual connection. That's the transformative journey I'm eager to embark on with you.
Hello there! I'm thrilled that you're here, considering taking a meaningful step towards your journey of self-discovery and growth. If you find yourself yearning for more in life but haven't quite committed to investing in your well-being, you're in the right place. Do you ever sense untapped potential within you, yet grapple with challenges like anxiety, wavering motivation, or self-doubt? Imagine a life filled with renewed passion, not just for your relationships with others but also for your relationship with yourself and your spiritual connection. That's the transformative journey I'm eager to embark on with you.
(901) 350-6728 View (901) 350-6728
Photo of Tonya Rockiemore in Memphis, TN
Tonya Rockiemore
MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38120  (Online Only)
Unleashing Your Potential assists with helping individuals to thrive instead of surviving by providing tools to help enrich marriages and help to be more productive in life/society. Services provided are Pre-Marital & Marriage Counseling, Anger Mangement and Christian Life Coach. We are ready to walk this journey with you.
Unleashing Your Potential assists with helping individuals to thrive instead of surviving by providing tools to help enrich marriages and help to be more productive in life/society. Services provided are Pre-Marital & Marriage Counseling, Anger Mangement and Christian Life Coach. We are ready to walk this journey with you.
(901) 657-5642 View (901) 657-5642
Photo of Beth Rushing, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Beth Rushing
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38112
Rachel Held Evans wrote that "we live inside an unfinished story." Are you lacking clarity about what you want to do with your life? Did you have a difficult or confusing childhood, and now struggle with connection to others? Did you experience a traumatic event or relationship that has been difficult to overcome on your own? Do you struggle in relationships and wonder why you have the same problems time and time again? Do you have a chronic illness and experience the emotional pain, disappointment, and despair it can bring? If any of this resonates with you, I can help you write the rest of your story.
Rachel Held Evans wrote that "we live inside an unfinished story." Are you lacking clarity about what you want to do with your life? Did you have a difficult or confusing childhood, and now struggle with connection to others? Did you experience a traumatic event or relationship that has been difficult to overcome on your own? Do you struggle in relationships and wonder why you have the same problems time and time again? Do you have a chronic illness and experience the emotional pain, disappointment, and despair it can bring? If any of this resonates with you, I can help you write the rest of your story.
(901) 209-4795 View (901) 209-4795
Photo of Clare Campbell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Clare Campbell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38117
My ideal client has already begun their awakening journey, understands the importance of setting boundaries, and is looking for help in setting them. I want to work with clients who are available for working and changing their thoughts. Clients who recognize that they project their own reality via their thoughts and feelings are my ideal. If you are ready to bring back the lost parts of yourself, are open minded, tired of being judgmental of self and others, and are ready to get down to work...we are probably a fit.
My ideal client has already begun their awakening journey, understands the importance of setting boundaries, and is looking for help in setting them. I want to work with clients who are available for working and changing their thoughts. Clients who recognize that they project their own reality via their thoughts and feelings are my ideal. If you are ready to bring back the lost parts of yourself, are open minded, tired of being judgmental of self and others, and are ready to get down to work...we are probably a fit.
(901) 657-4055 View (901) 657-4055
Photo of Lunar Counseling and Wellness, PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Lunar Counseling and Wellness, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPCMHSP, LADACII
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38104  (Online Only)
To the ones who struggle to love themselves because the voice in their head keeps telling them not to. To the adults who carry the scars of a rough childhood and the shame that comes with it. To the ones who seem like they have it all together, but are hiding their struggles with anxiety and depression behind a joke and smile. To the ones who were never taught how to deal with grief, anger, sadness, or fear and are coping the best way they know how. To the ones who were disowned or rejected by families or friends for who you love, who you are, or what you believe. I see your strength, I see your pain, and I see your courage.
To the ones who struggle to love themselves because the voice in their head keeps telling them not to. To the adults who carry the scars of a rough childhood and the shame that comes with it. To the ones who seem like they have it all together, but are hiding their struggles with anxiety and depression behind a joke and smile. To the ones who were never taught how to deal with grief, anger, sadness, or fear and are coping the best way they know how. To the ones who were disowned or rejected by families or friends for who you love, who you are, or what you believe. I see your strength, I see your pain, and I see your courage.
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Photo of Rebecca R Cochran, Counselor in Memphis, TN
Rebecca R Cochran
Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38119
Walking into a therapist's office for the first time can be a daunting experience and even scary for some. So can acknowledging a problem or accepting that something in your life isn't quite working. With genuine warmth and concern, coupled with an authentic approach to problem solving, I will help you take those initial steps towards change and growth. The therapeutic relationship is a partnership in which both parties agree to work hard. Together, we'll identify areas for change and growth, make a realistic plan and trouble-shoot problems as we go along in an effort to achieve emotional stability and wholeness.
Walking into a therapist's office for the first time can be a daunting experience and even scary for some. So can acknowledging a problem or accepting that something in your life isn't quite working. With genuine warmth and concern, coupled with an authentic approach to problem solving, I will help you take those initial steps towards change and growth. The therapeutic relationship is a partnership in which both parties agree to work hard. Together, we'll identify areas for change and growth, make a realistic plan and trouble-shoot problems as we go along in an effort to achieve emotional stability and wholeness.
(901) 244-4358 View (901) 244-4358
Photo of Kirsten Cannon, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Kirsten Cannon
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, CEDS, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38119
My mission as a counselor is to validate your experience, encourage healthy emotional expression, and embolden you to be more courageous and to take an active role in shaping your own life, all the while practicing self-compassion as you move toward understanding yourself. I want to create space for you to be your genuine, whole self in session, in hopes that it will translate to you being your genuine, whole self in every aspect of your life. I am an ideal fit for clients who are ready to dig deep and want to be heard and validated while also being challenged and held accountable.
My mission as a counselor is to validate your experience, encourage healthy emotional expression, and embolden you to be more courageous and to take an active role in shaping your own life, all the while practicing self-compassion as you move toward understanding yourself. I want to create space for you to be your genuine, whole self in session, in hopes that it will translate to you being your genuine, whole self in every aspect of your life. I am an ideal fit for clients who are ready to dig deep and want to be heard and validated while also being challenged and held accountable.
(901) 422-9038 View (901) 422-9038
Photo of Ari Lowell, Psychologist in Memphis, TN
Ari Lowell
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38120  (Online Only)
Depression, anxiety, anger: sometimes our feelings can be confusing and overwhelming. Struggles at home and work increase when we're not sure how we feel or what to do with our feelings. Our relationships suffer, we don't feel happy and content, and we may wonder if there will ever be improvement. These feelings are often more intense for people who have experienced significant trauma or loss. Figuring out how to seek help and talk about these issues can be difficult. It's hard to know who to turn to, who to trust, and allow ourselves to imagine positive change. Sometimes it's hard to hope.
Depression, anxiety, anger: sometimes our feelings can be confusing and overwhelming. Struggles at home and work increase when we're not sure how we feel or what to do with our feelings. Our relationships suffer, we don't feel happy and content, and we may wonder if there will ever be improvement. These feelings are often more intense for people who have experienced significant trauma or loss. Figuring out how to seek help and talk about these issues can be difficult. It's hard to know who to turn to, who to trust, and allow ourselves to imagine positive change. Sometimes it's hard to hope.
(901) 519-2260 View (901) 519-2260
Photo of Ali Austin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Ali Austin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38119
I believe the therapeutic relationship is an organic experience that cannot be created elsewhere. My experience has shown me that each of us walks our own path and that no two are the same. Having support while walking your path can be just the thing to make the difference. I strive to provide safety so that you can talk about your life, your family, your pain, and sit in the tension to ultimately begin living more authentically. I work from a holistic approach; given that, we will develop the best course of treatment for your needs, together.
I believe the therapeutic relationship is an organic experience that cannot be created elsewhere. My experience has shown me that each of us walks our own path and that no two are the same. Having support while walking your path can be just the thing to make the difference. I strive to provide safety so that you can talk about your life, your family, your pain, and sit in the tension to ultimately begin living more authentically. I work from a holistic approach; given that, we will develop the best course of treatment for your needs, together.
(901) 446-1996 View (901) 446-1996
Photo of Tina Hazlewood, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Tina Hazlewood
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38117
Not accepting new clients
*I am not taking new clients at this time.* Hello and welcome! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and Mental Health Service Provider. Over the last 12 years, I have worked with a variety of clients including women and children who have experienced domestic violence. I have facilitated anger management groups and have worked with families in the foster care system. I also have several years of experience working with individuals that have experienced complex trauma. I also provide licensure supervision for those seeking a LPC license in the state of TN.
*I am not taking new clients at this time.* Hello and welcome! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and Mental Health Service Provider. Over the last 12 years, I have worked with a variety of clients including women and children who have experienced domestic violence. I have facilitated anger management groups and have worked with families in the foster care system. I also have several years of experience working with individuals that have experienced complex trauma. I also provide licensure supervision for those seeking a LPC license in the state of TN.
(901) 203-4614 View (901) 203-4614
Photo of Kimery Irby, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Kimery Irby
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38104
I understand how life's situations can bring about feelings of anger, frustration, anxiety, hopelessness, and self-doubt. You may even feel alone, inadequate, or simply misunderstood. If this is the case and you seek emotional support to appropriately cope with emotions and restore well-being, definitely consider talking to me, Kimery Irby, LCSW (the peacemaker). I view life's challenges as opportunities for growth. My unique and compassionate approach to therapy will allow for you to make positive changes, obtain a new perspective, and put together the pieces of your life.
I understand how life's situations can bring about feelings of anger, frustration, anxiety, hopelessness, and self-doubt. You may even feel alone, inadequate, or simply misunderstood. If this is the case and you seek emotional support to appropriately cope with emotions and restore well-being, definitely consider talking to me, Kimery Irby, LCSW (the peacemaker). I view life's challenges as opportunities for growth. My unique and compassionate approach to therapy will allow for you to make positive changes, obtain a new perspective, and put together the pieces of your life.
(901) 295-4104 View (901) 295-4104
Photo of Talia H Trigg, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Talia H Trigg
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38133
I strive to provide a nonjudgmental and accepting environment for all clients I serve. I have training and special interest in working with the LGBT population, gender identity concerns, anxiety, trauma, depression, life adjustments, stress management, social and interpersonal skills, and relationship struggles. Relying on evidence based approaches, I use a strengths based approach as the foundation in therapy work.
I strive to provide a nonjudgmental and accepting environment for all clients I serve. I have training and special interest in working with the LGBT population, gender identity concerns, anxiety, trauma, depression, life adjustments, stress management, social and interpersonal skills, and relationship struggles. Relying on evidence based approaches, I use a strengths based approach as the foundation in therapy work.
(901) 479-1315 View (901) 479-1315
Photo of Dr. Christina Light-Griffin in Memphis, TN
Dr. Christina Light-Griffin
PsyD, LCCT, CFE, CFT, CFP
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38109  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hello, First I would like to give glory to God for being an agent of change and hope in this dying world. My name is Dr. Christina Light-Griffin PsyD. I am a Licensed Clinical Christian Therapist, Certified Compassion Fatigue Educator, Certified Compassion Fatigue Practitioner, and Certified Field Traumatologist. I began my counseling career 12 years ago. I am Doctor of Biblical Psychology degree . I enjoys helping others. I am a blessed to be a licensed clinical Christian therapist with the American Association of Christian Therapists (AACT), sharing the Gospel of Jesus Christ and providing spiritual guidance.
Hello, First I would like to give glory to God for being an agent of change and hope in this dying world. My name is Dr. Christina Light-Griffin PsyD. I am a Licensed Clinical Christian Therapist, Certified Compassion Fatigue Educator, Certified Compassion Fatigue Practitioner, and Certified Field Traumatologist. I began my counseling career 12 years ago. I am Doctor of Biblical Psychology degree . I enjoys helping others. I am a blessed to be a licensed clinical Christian therapist with the American Association of Christian Therapists (AACT), sharing the Gospel of Jesus Christ and providing spiritual guidance.
(901) 446-4069 View (901) 446-4069
Photo of Jennifer Stone, Psychologist in Memphis, TN
Jennifer Stone
Psychologist, PhD, MDiv
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38104
Not accepting new clients
Closed presently. With a doctorate in clinical psychology and 25+ years experience, I enjoy working with adults (22yrs. & up) & couples. My approach is to help you clarify goals, then work as a team. Whether your goals may be to improve mood, relationships, or behaviors, I will likely show you various pathways to improvement, and then support your choices. (Exceptional Experience/Credentials! - former university professor teaching clinical psychology and psychotherapy to graduate students/practitioners at Mississippi State U.; former Chair of MS state Psychology Board -monitoring statewide...
Closed presently. With a doctorate in clinical psychology and 25+ years experience, I enjoy working with adults (22yrs. & up) & couples. My approach is to help you clarify goals, then work as a team. Whether your goals may be to improve mood, relationships, or behaviors, I will likely show you various pathways to improvement, and then support your choices. (Exceptional Experience/Credentials! - former university professor teaching clinical psychology and psychotherapy to graduate students/practitioners at Mississippi State U.; former Chair of MS state Psychology Board -monitoring statewide...
(901) 254-8936 View (901) 254-8936
Photo of Improve You Therapy Services LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Improve You Therapy Services LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CMHNCS
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38135  (Online Only)
Clients that are dealing with depression and anxiety, family and relationship issues, and going through transitional periods in their life are my area of focus. I am also passionate about working with clients that want to improve their overall health and well being through nutrition and maintaining healthy lifestyles.
Clients that are dealing with depression and anxiety, family and relationship issues, and going through transitional periods in their life are my area of focus. I am also passionate about working with clients that want to improve their overall health and well being through nutrition and maintaining healthy lifestyles.
(901) 459-2907 View (901) 459-2907
Photo of Sweetgrass Counseling & Consultation, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Sweetgrass Counseling & Consultation
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38132
Waitlist for new clients
At Sweetgrass Counseling & Consultation, LLC we believe that: "Each strand alone is not as strong as when braided together." On your counseling journey we aim to serve as a support in weaving together the vision for your life. We are compatible with motivated clients, that are willing to partner in an effort to interrupt emotional or cognitive patterns that are not serving you. We believe that you have intuitive tools that may not be accessible due to "guarded relating" that so many of us have adopted to protect ourselves. Allow us to assist you in unearthing tools that identify your barriers and create sustainable change.
At Sweetgrass Counseling & Consultation, LLC we believe that: "Each strand alone is not as strong as when braided together." On your counseling journey we aim to serve as a support in weaving together the vision for your life. We are compatible with motivated clients, that are willing to partner in an effort to interrupt emotional or cognitive patterns that are not serving you. We believe that you have intuitive tools that may not be accessible due to "guarded relating" that so many of us have adopted to protect ourselves. Allow us to assist you in unearthing tools that identify your barriers and create sustainable change.
(901) 245-3220 x1 View (901) 245-3220 x1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Memphis, TN

500+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Memphis, TN who prioritize treating:

88% Anxiety
84% Depression
76% Self Esteem
73% Relationship Issues
70% Coping Skills
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Cigna and Evernorth
69% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Memphis, TN see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Memphis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.