Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Christine Fernandez - Peaceful Way Psychology, Psychologist in New York, NY
Christine Fernandez - Peaceful Way Psychology
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
Ready to make some changes in your life? I am a Clinical Psychologist and a Life Coach. I combine the depth of psychology with the practicality of life coaching to help you meet your personal goals. I help people just like you every day to become more fulfilled and successful in personal relationships and careers, improve self confidence and mood, and decrease anxiety. The people I work with are successful in certain areas of their lives, but need some guidance in other areas. Depending on your needs, our work together can be short-term or ongoing,
Ready to make some changes in your life? I am a Clinical Psychologist and a Life Coach. I combine the depth of psychology with the practicality of life coaching to help you meet your personal goals. I help people just like you every day to become more fulfilled and successful in personal relationships and careers, improve self confidence and mood, and decrease anxiety. The people I work with are successful in certain areas of their lives, but need some guidance in other areas. Depending on your needs, our work together can be short-term or ongoing,
(212) 335-0511 View (212) 335-0511
Photo of Dr. Melissa Villodas, Licensed Master Social Worker in New York, NY
Dr. Melissa Villodas
Licensed Master Social Worker, PhD, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10018  (Online Only)
Managing stress, emotions, and challenges becomes more manageable when you can develop the tools, insights, and confidence to move forward. Melissa is committed to supporting the change and growth you seek to develop for your life by helping you build on the strengths you already have and to discover new tools to achieve your goals.
Managing stress, emotions, and challenges becomes more manageable when you can develop the tools, insights, and confidence to move forward. Melissa is committed to supporting the change and growth you seek to develop for your life by helping you build on the strengths you already have and to discover new tools to achieve your goals.
(646) 849-2911 View (646) 849-2911
Photo of Patricia Benjamin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Patricia Benjamin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10025  (Online Only)
Tired of feeling ashamed, rejected or abused? I have worked with people experiencing anxiety, depression, anger, PTSD, trauma, victims of abuse, micro aggressions, systemic harm, relationship issues, multigenerational trauma and life transitions which have impacted your well being. Maybe you had to do what you had to do to get through & that's okay. I have worked with many populations such as First Responders, Military (& spouses), LGBT and those who have struggled with eating issues.
Tired of feeling ashamed, rejected or abused? I have worked with people experiencing anxiety, depression, anger, PTSD, trauma, victims of abuse, micro aggressions, systemic harm, relationship issues, multigenerational trauma and life transitions which have impacted your well being. Maybe you had to do what you had to do to get through & that's okay. I have worked with many populations such as First Responders, Military (& spouses), LGBT and those who have struggled with eating issues.
(646) 921-4503 View (646) 921-4503
Photo of Raymond D Kramer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Raymond D Kramer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10128  (Online Only)
I am a psychotherapist who specializes in working with adolescents and adults. I help people suffering from a range of issues, including depression, anxiety, addiction such as drugs/alcohol and gambling. I use a strength based, person centered approach in order to guide clients through the discomfort, pain and dissatisfaction that life can sometimes bring. I work in partnership with clients in order to help them achieve growth and increased satisfaction in their daily lives.
I am a psychotherapist who specializes in working with adolescents and adults. I help people suffering from a range of issues, including depression, anxiety, addiction such as drugs/alcohol and gambling. I use a strength based, person centered approach in order to guide clients through the discomfort, pain and dissatisfaction that life can sometimes bring. I work in partnership with clients in order to help them achieve growth and increased satisfaction in their daily lives.
(646) 933-9500 View (646) 933-9500
Photo of Nikki Zamkoff, Pre-Licensed Professional in New York, NY
Nikki Zamkoff
Pre-Licensed Professional, DO, MA, LP-MHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
Dr. Nikki Zamkoff is a psychotherapist practicing in New York, New Jersey, and Florida using Cognitive and Dialectical Behavior therapies. In her clinical work, Nikki helps adults, young adults, and adolescents overcome an array of mental health challenges including depression, OCD, anxiety, and general life transitions. She is particularly skilled in working with clients with ADHD.
Dr. Nikki Zamkoff is a psychotherapist practicing in New York, New Jersey, and Florida using Cognitive and Dialectical Behavior therapies. In her clinical work, Nikki helps adults, young adults, and adolescents overcome an array of mental health challenges including depression, OCD, anxiety, and general life transitions. She is particularly skilled in working with clients with ADHD.
(347) 836-5057 View (347) 836-5057
Photo of Sophie Matthews, Pre-Licensed Professional in New York, NY
Sophie Matthews
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
Hello, my name is Sophie and I am interested in holistic health and maximizing our human potential for creativity, connection, and well-being. Life can be confusing, painful, and disorienting sometimes. I'm here to let you know that you don't have to go it alone! As a biracial individual, I embrace intersectionality and the multiplicative challenges and joys that come with a multicultural identity. I also take a feminist approach to my work, so that my clients feel empowered, validated, and valued. I am committed to anti-racist and anti-oppressive practice, wherein we explore power dynamics within and outside of the therapy room.
Hello, my name is Sophie and I am interested in holistic health and maximizing our human potential for creativity, connection, and well-being. Life can be confusing, painful, and disorienting sometimes. I'm here to let you know that you don't have to go it alone! As a biracial individual, I embrace intersectionality and the multiplicative challenges and joys that come with a multicultural identity. I also take a feminist approach to my work, so that my clients feel empowered, validated, and valued. I am committed to anti-racist and anti-oppressive practice, wherein we explore power dynamics within and outside of the therapy room.
(929) 456-5599 View (929) 456-5599
Photo of Christine Peters, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Christine Peters
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10024
Christine has over 10 years of therapy experience, utilizing Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and other approaches. She received her degree from New York University and is also a Board Certified Behavior Analyst. She has experience working with children, adolescents, and adults for a variety of issues. These include depression, anxiety, phobias, panic, anger, stress, insomnia, ADHD, autism, developmental delays, and work/home/school issues.
Christine has over 10 years of therapy experience, utilizing Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and other approaches. She received her degree from New York University and is also a Board Certified Behavior Analyst. She has experience working with children, adolescents, and adults for a variety of issues. These include depression, anxiety, phobias, panic, anger, stress, insomnia, ADHD, autism, developmental delays, and work/home/school issues.
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Photo of Dori Fromer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Dori Fromer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10024
Not accepting new clients
I have been fortunate to be practicing psychotherapy for over 30 years, bringing a wide variety of experience, education and training to my work. I approach the process as a collaboration. I work with individuals and couples with a variety of challenges: within their relationships, and with anxiety, anger, depression, sexuality, identity, trauma, inhibition, eating disorders, addictions, and other self-harming behaviors. My initial goal is to identify problem areas- patterns of reacting and behaving with family, friends, work and our selves that are frustrating and ungratifying, ones that get in the way of our well-being.
I have been fortunate to be practicing psychotherapy for over 30 years, bringing a wide variety of experience, education and training to my work. I approach the process as a collaboration. I work with individuals and couples with a variety of challenges: within their relationships, and with anxiety, anger, depression, sexuality, identity, trauma, inhibition, eating disorders, addictions, and other self-harming behaviors. My initial goal is to identify problem areas- patterns of reacting and behaving with family, friends, work and our selves that are frustrating and ungratifying, ones that get in the way of our well-being.
(914) 268-6229 View (914) 268-6229
Photo of Asya Latifoglu, Counselor in New York, NY
Asya Latifoglu
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
Asya’s approach to therapy is collaborative and personalized; she is a strong advocate and a committed witness to her clients’ journey. She focuses on reciprocating her clients' commitment to therapy by bringing her most authentic self, anchored in warmth, curiosity, and flexibility. She carefully draws from psychodynamic, person-centered, feminist and cognitive behavioral modalities, offering a holistic and eclectic perspective, tailored for the unique needs of her clients.
Asya’s approach to therapy is collaborative and personalized; she is a strong advocate and a committed witness to her clients’ journey. She focuses on reciprocating her clients' commitment to therapy by bringing her most authentic self, anchored in warmth, curiosity, and flexibility. She carefully draws from psychodynamic, person-centered, feminist and cognitive behavioral modalities, offering a holistic and eclectic perspective, tailored for the unique needs of her clients.
(929) 325-0283 View (929) 325-0283
Photo of Dr. Rachelle Kammer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Dr. Rachelle Kammer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10025
I love supporting people to make lasting changes in their lives. I will work collaboratively with you to understand your strengths and dreams, and what might be getting in the way of you attaining them. Together we'll target and address these issues. Following a thorough assessment, I use EMDR (Eye Movement Reprocessing and Desensitization) and other trauma focused modality to support you in making lasting change. I will work with you in a collaborative, compassionate and supportive way, making every effort to understand you and your needs. Your voice, needs and goals will always be central in our work together.
I love supporting people to make lasting changes in their lives. I will work collaboratively with you to understand your strengths and dreams, and what might be getting in the way of you attaining them. Together we'll target and address these issues. Following a thorough assessment, I use EMDR (Eye Movement Reprocessing and Desensitization) and other trauma focused modality to support you in making lasting change. I will work with you in a collaborative, compassionate and supportive way, making every effort to understand you and your needs. Your voice, needs and goals will always be central in our work together.
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Photo of Tra Hoang, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Tra Hoang
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016  (Online Only)
I'm a licensed psychotherapist specializing in working with high achieving Asians and Asian Americans struggling with stress, anxiety, negative self image, relationship issues, career difficulties, life transitions, and depression. I understand the unique difficulties faced by this demographic, including cultural expectations and societal pressures, family dynamics, generational traumas, workplace discrimination, and the fear of failure. I also help second and third generation individuals navigate the challenges that come with privileges and wealth, including issues such as guilt, shame, and the pressure to succeed.
I'm a licensed psychotherapist specializing in working with high achieving Asians and Asian Americans struggling with stress, anxiety, negative self image, relationship issues, career difficulties, life transitions, and depression. I understand the unique difficulties faced by this demographic, including cultural expectations and societal pressures, family dynamics, generational traumas, workplace discrimination, and the fear of failure. I also help second and third generation individuals navigate the challenges that come with privileges and wealth, including issues such as guilt, shame, and the pressure to succeed.
(914) 252-3224 View (914) 252-3224
Photo of Todd Anderson, Licensed Psychoanalyst in New York, NY
Todd Anderson
Licensed Psychoanalyst, PhD, PsyD, LP, NCPsyA, CCTP
Verified Verified
16 Endorsed
New York, NY 10010  (Online Only)
Beginning therapy can be scary and is a bold step toward making proactive changes in your life. I provide a warm and relaxed atmosphere to explore your emotional life in a safe and supportive space. Aware of the importance of the body, I experience you as a whole person: your words, life themes, affect, posture, and your presence. By experiencing you in your wholeness, I can contextualize what can feel confusing or fragmentary. I can share what I see and understand, helping you raise your self-awareness. This process can harmonize your thoughts and emotions. Insight alone often is not sufficient for healing.
Beginning therapy can be scary and is a bold step toward making proactive changes in your life. I provide a warm and relaxed atmosphere to explore your emotional life in a safe and supportive space. Aware of the importance of the body, I experience you as a whole person: your words, life themes, affect, posture, and your presence. By experiencing you in your wholeness, I can contextualize what can feel confusing or fragmentary. I can share what I see and understand, helping you raise your self-awareness. This process can harmonize your thoughts and emotions. Insight alone often is not sufficient for healing.
(914) 252-3138 View (914) 252-3138
Photo of Phoenix Marriage & Family Therapy, PLLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in New York, NY
Phoenix Marriage & Family Therapy, PLLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
Greetings! I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist providing psychotherapy to individuals, couples and families with ten years’ service in this very rewarding work. Our team works with everyone including BIPOC, the LGBTQ+ Community, all religions and backgrounds, ages 5 to 95. I also provide group therapy to address Domestic Violence and Self-Esteem in addition to Parenting with Purpose, classes for those with ACS involvement and mandated to a parenting program by the court. I have significant experience addressing the effects of racism, chronic illness, depression, anxiety, grief and bereavement, family conflict and more.
Greetings! I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist providing psychotherapy to individuals, couples and families with ten years’ service in this very rewarding work. Our team works with everyone including BIPOC, the LGBTQ+ Community, all religions and backgrounds, ages 5 to 95. I also provide group therapy to address Domestic Violence and Self-Esteem in addition to Parenting with Purpose, classes for those with ACS involvement and mandated to a parenting program by the court. I have significant experience addressing the effects of racism, chronic illness, depression, anxiety, grief and bereavement, family conflict and more.
(929) 296-8704 View (929) 296-8704
Photo of Kristen Pope, Pre-Licensed Professional in New York, NY
Kristen Pope
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC-LP, MSEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10025
Hello and welcome to my profile! I tend to work well with people who: 1) want a space to “get it all out” and share openly with a third party, 2) learn more about their mind or emotions and how they work, 3) collaborate with someone to gain a fresh perspective, and 4) find solutions or gain tools to manage their issues that lead to the alleviation of distress.
Hello and welcome to my profile! I tend to work well with people who: 1) want a space to “get it all out” and share openly with a third party, 2) learn more about their mind or emotions and how they work, 3) collaborate with someone to gain a fresh perspective, and 4) find solutions or gain tools to manage their issues that lead to the alleviation of distress.
(347) 497-7754 View (347) 497-7754
Photo of Janice Williams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Janice Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
Experiences of trauma and loss can affect one’s self-esteem, self-confidence, and outlook on the future. Coping with a critical illness or disability can be overwhelming. I use a gentle, empathic approach to help people to express their feelings about painful experiences and develop higher self-esteem.
Experiences of trauma and loss can affect one’s self-esteem, self-confidence, and outlook on the future. Coping with a critical illness or disability can be overwhelming. I use a gentle, empathic approach to help people to express their feelings about painful experiences and develop higher self-esteem.
(929) 368-4884 View (929) 368-4884
Photo of Ellen Mendel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Ellen Mendel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10025
As a seasoned psychotherapist of over 30 years, I combine a variety of approaches in my work which may be long-term or brief, in person or by phone. The concerns you present may be about relationships, work, health, stress-management, loss or other life issues. Together we will explore your personal history, long-standing patterns and crises, integrating an Adlerian-based cognitive-psychodynamic approach with Gestalt, mind/body work, dreams or other appropriate modalities. Our goal will be helping you to feel a greater sense of control in your life with discovering your inner vitality, creativity and wisdom.
As a seasoned psychotherapist of over 30 years, I combine a variety of approaches in my work which may be long-term or brief, in person or by phone. The concerns you present may be about relationships, work, health, stress-management, loss or other life issues. Together we will explore your personal history, long-standing patterns and crises, integrating an Adlerian-based cognitive-psychodynamic approach with Gestalt, mind/body work, dreams or other appropriate modalities. Our goal will be helping you to feel a greater sense of control in your life with discovering your inner vitality, creativity and wisdom.
(646) 863-6484 View (646) 863-6484
Photo of Dr. Jennifer Sontz, Psychologist in New York, NY
Dr. Jennifer Sontz
Psychologist, PsyD, MS
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10021
According to A. Maslow, you must first have your basic physiological needs met before you can reach self-actualization. If you are searching for support and guidance in making the necessary changes to improve your life, I am here for you. I work with clients who are struggling with anxiety, depression, eating disorders and/or addictions. Some of my clients only require a few sessions while others have found that long term therapy is more beneficial since trust and safety are key ingredients in reaching therapeutic goals. The therapeutic alliance is most definitely related to the outcome of treatment.
According to A. Maslow, you must first have your basic physiological needs met before you can reach self-actualization. If you are searching for support and guidance in making the necessary changes to improve your life, I am here for you. I work with clients who are struggling with anxiety, depression, eating disorders and/or addictions. Some of my clients only require a few sessions while others have found that long term therapy is more beneficial since trust and safety are key ingredients in reaching therapeutic goals. The therapeutic alliance is most definitely related to the outcome of treatment.
(646) 600-9040 View (646) 600-9040
Photo of Stephen Josephson, Psychologist in New York, NY
Stephen Josephson
Psychologist, PhD, ABBP, ABPP, PC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10065
I work best with adolescents and adults with a clear desire to make behavioral changes in their life and are not content with insight alone. They must be willing to actively collaborate in getting better and commit to learning new strategies for coping.
I work best with adolescents and adults with a clear desire to make behavioral changes in their life and are not content with insight alone. They must be willing to actively collaborate in getting better and commit to learning new strategies for coping.
(646) 606-2602 View (646) 606-2602
Photo of Erica J Lubetkin, Counselor in New York, NY
Erica J Lubetkin
Counselor, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
New York, NY 10022  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Do you find yourself feeling overwhelming at times, leading to avoidance and isolation? Do you feel lost, unfulfilled, or confused about next steps in your life? Do wish to gain healthy coping skills? My goal is to help my clients develop healthier coping skills and gain insight into the underlying cause of their problem. I have an extensive background working with the substance use population as well as their families. Helping individuals learn, heal, and grow is a deeply fulfilling experience for both myself, and the client. Off the bat I share my sense of humor, which helps foster a great therapeutic alliance from the start.
Do you find yourself feeling overwhelming at times, leading to avoidance and isolation? Do you feel lost, unfulfilled, or confused about next steps in your life? Do wish to gain healthy coping skills? My goal is to help my clients develop healthier coping skills and gain insight into the underlying cause of their problem. I have an extensive background working with the substance use population as well as their families. Helping individuals learn, heal, and grow is a deeply fulfilling experience for both myself, and the client. Off the bat I share my sense of humor, which helps foster a great therapeutic alliance from the start.
(646) 630-7265 View (646) 630-7265
Photo of Ricardo Despradel, Counselor in New York, NY
Ricardo Despradel
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10036
Do you sometimes feel that life is harder than it should be? Almost as if everyone else received a manual on happiness and you didn't? Well, You're not the only one. Often we reach a point in our lives where we question ourselves and what we do. There are other times when we feel things like anger, sadness, loneliness, anxiety, and don't really understand why or where these feelings are coming from. It is not easy to talk about these feelings with other people, even those that are close to us. But, what would it be like for you to find someone that will not only listen to you, but also help you manage those feelings?
Do you sometimes feel that life is harder than it should be? Almost as if everyone else received a manual on happiness and you didn't? Well, You're not the only one. Often we reach a point in our lives where we question ourselves and what we do. There are other times when we feel things like anger, sadness, loneliness, anxiety, and don't really understand why or where these feelings are coming from. It is not easy to talk about these feelings with other people, even those that are close to us. But, what would it be like for you to find someone that will not only listen to you, but also help you manage those feelings?
(718) 557-9427 View (718) 557-9427

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
60% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.