Therapists in Mesa, AZ
Jacob Ybarra
Pre-Licensed Professional, LAMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85210
From the cradle to the grave, we are wired for connection. I view mental health challenges to be a byproduct of disconnection. No matter where you are in life, I will meet you there! I consider myself to be attachment-based, emotionally-focused, and trauma-informed. Imbalanced and unpredictable experiences in the absence of emotional safety can leave us stuck with a negative self-view, as well as feelings of inadequacy and unimportance. Rest assured, I am safe, secure, and reliable as your therapist. You can expect significant self-development and growth working with me. Therapy is a place for transformation: both doing and undoing.
From the cradle to the grave, we are wired for connection. I view mental health challenges to be a byproduct of disconnection. No matter where you are in life, I will meet you there! I consider myself to be attachment-based, emotionally-focused, and trauma-informed. Imbalanced and unpredictable experiences in the absence of emotional safety can leave us stuck with a negative self-view, as well as feelings of inadequacy and unimportance. Rest assured, I am safe, secure, and reliable as your therapist. You can expect significant self-development and growth working with me. Therapy is a place for transformation: both doing and undoing.
Shelbi Kendrick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85203 (Online Only)
Perhaps you or a loved one are experiencing deep grief, longing, disconnection, stress, anxiety, isolation or a sense of being misunderstood by others...or even yourself. Relationships, life transitions, the tragic death of those we love as well as other life experiences often lead us to a degree of feeling as though we have lost our footing. In these moments, we can feel lost and unable to find the support and clarity we need to find stability. This impacts our relationships with ourselves, our sense of belonging with others as well as our ability to feel connected, present and authentic in our daily lives.
Perhaps you or a loved one are experiencing deep grief, longing, disconnection, stress, anxiety, isolation or a sense of being misunderstood by others...or even yourself. Relationships, life transitions, the tragic death of those we love as well as other life experiences often lead us to a degree of feeling as though we have lost our footing. In these moments, we can feel lost and unable to find the support and clarity we need to find stability. This impacts our relationships with ourselves, our sense of belonging with others as well as our ability to feel connected, present and authentic in our daily lives.
Warren Bodine
Counselor, MC, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85201
Little is more amazing, complex, and sometimes unsettling, than human thought, emotion, and behavior. This interest, coupled with a love of working with people in a direct and meaningful way, is why I work as a counselor. I have a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from Ottawa University and a Master of Science in Clinical Mental Health from the University of Phoenix. My training background and approach to therapy is rooted in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and in Dialectic Behavioral Therapy (DBT).
Little is more amazing, complex, and sometimes unsettling, than human thought, emotion, and behavior. This interest, coupled with a love of working with people in a direct and meaningful way, is why I work as a counselor. I have a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from Ottawa University and a Master of Science in Clinical Mental Health from the University of Phoenix. My training background and approach to therapy is rooted in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and in Dialectic Behavioral Therapy (DBT).
Karla Storey
Counselor, MS, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85206
I strive to create a safe space for my clients to explore and navigate the world in which we grew up in and redefine their story. Our mind-body-spirit connection allows us to cultivate a space where all parts of ourselves are welcomed.
I strive to create a safe space for my clients to explore and navigate the world in which we grew up in and redefine their story. Our mind-body-spirit connection allows us to cultivate a space where all parts of ourselves are welcomed.
Dr. J. Ibeh Agbanyim
MS, PhD, MHW
Verified Verified
Mesa, AZ 85212
J. Ibeh Agbanyim, Ph.D., helps team members and organizational leaders collaborate, and coaches authority figures and colleagues on how to increase job satisfaction, retention, engagement, productivity, and overall work and life integration. He is an industrial-organizational psychology consultant; a multiple bestselling author, a certified mental health and wellness in the workplace expert, an executive coach, and the founder of Focused Vision Consulting, LLC. His book The Five Principles of Collaboration addresses the importance of individuals collaborating in the workplace, relationships, and social settings for a shared goal.
J. Ibeh Agbanyim, Ph.D., helps team members and organizational leaders collaborate, and coaches authority figures and colleagues on how to increase job satisfaction, retention, engagement, productivity, and overall work and life integration. He is an industrial-organizational psychology consultant; a multiple bestselling author, a certified mental health and wellness in the workplace expert, an executive coach, and the founder of Focused Vision Consulting, LLC. His book The Five Principles of Collaboration addresses the importance of individuals collaborating in the workplace, relationships, and social settings for a shared goal.
Dr. Christina Kelley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, MBA, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85204 (Online Only)
Mental health has been impacted greatly since the beginning of the 2020 pandemic. Increased rates of substance abuse and mental instability require specialized support that varies per person - no one size fits all and there is never a quick mend. Morada Behavioral Health believes in meeting you and your family where you're at, and creatively working together toward long-term solutions in achieving a healthy quality of life.
Mental health has been impacted greatly since the beginning of the 2020 pandemic. Increased rates of substance abuse and mental instability require specialized support that varies per person - no one size fits all and there is never a quick mend. Morada Behavioral Health believes in meeting you and your family where you're at, and creatively working together toward long-term solutions in achieving a healthy quality of life.
Kelly B Carlson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85215
As a counselor serving the community for 24 years, I enjoy working with clients who desire to work as a team. As a team, the counselor/client relationship is most important. It is a mutual respect and motivation to achieve the goals and objectives designed early on in treatment. As your counselor, I am committed to working to my best ability to provide a safe, supportive and encouraging environment and do all I can to help you to achieve your goals. As a client, you commit to your work and appointments.
As a counselor serving the community for 24 years, I enjoy working with clients who desire to work as a team. As a team, the counselor/client relationship is most important. It is a mutual respect and motivation to achieve the goals and objectives designed early on in treatment. As your counselor, I am committed to working to my best ability to provide a safe, supportive and encouraging environment and do all I can to help you to achieve your goals. As a client, you commit to your work and appointments.
Jessica Reynoso
Marriage & Family Therapist, MAS-MFT, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85206
Saturday appointments available. Relationships can be HARD. You feel disconnected, hurt, and anxious. That worry is overwhelming, and you are tired of the never-ending thoughts, resentment, and not feeling heard. Relationships can also be amazing, but we often need to create the connection and peace we crave. I help individuals and couples move past pain and conflict to build authentic and fulfilling relationships with healthy boundaries. When you feel emotionally safe and get to know yourself and your needs better, your relationships start to change, too.
Saturday appointments available. Relationships can be HARD. You feel disconnected, hurt, and anxious. That worry is overwhelming, and you are tired of the never-ending thoughts, resentment, and not feeling heard. Relationships can also be amazing, but we often need to create the connection and peace we crave. I help individuals and couples move past pain and conflict to build authentic and fulfilling relationships with healthy boundaries. When you feel emotionally safe and get to know yourself and your needs better, your relationships start to change, too.
Andrew E. Henry, MA, LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85209
Not accepting new clients
Unlock Your Mind and Transform Your Life with Expert Counseling in Arizona. Are you feeling trapped by past events that seem impossible to change? I'm here to help you break free and create positive change in your mind and body. As a licensed counselor, I specialize in empowering individuals to confront and overcome their inner obstacles. Here's how I can assist you: Access and safely address lingering events that may be holding you back. Collaborate with you to set personalized goals for your treatment journey.
Unlock Your Mind and Transform Your Life with Expert Counseling in Arizona. Are you feeling trapped by past events that seem impossible to change? I'm here to help you break free and create positive change in your mind and body. As a licensed counselor, I specialize in empowering individuals to confront and overcome their inner obstacles. Here's how I can assist you: Access and safely address lingering events that may be holding you back. Collaborate with you to set personalized goals for your treatment journey.
Kasondra Parr
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85215
I'm Kasondra, founder and owner of Bellum Mental Health + Wellness. I believe that as humans, it is our responsibility to take care of one another. As your provider, it is a privilege to do so during the most vulnerable and intimate moments of your life. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), with a specialty in Art Therapy, and have been offering professional support to individuals since 2005. With a history of working in both inpatient and outpatient settings, I am equipped with experience and trained by the utmost talented and compassionate pioneers within the mental health field.
I'm Kasondra, founder and owner of Bellum Mental Health + Wellness. I believe that as humans, it is our responsibility to take care of one another. As your provider, it is a privilege to do so during the most vulnerable and intimate moments of your life. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), with a specialty in Art Therapy, and have been offering professional support to individuals since 2005. With a history of working in both inpatient and outpatient settings, I am equipped with experience and trained by the utmost talented and compassionate pioneers within the mental health field.
Amanda Green
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85206
Not accepting new clients
Let's be realistic, making the decision to seek help and attend counseling can feel overwhelming and scary. It takes a lot of courage to take that step towards your own well-being. But here's the good news - you don't have to face it alone. I'll be by your side throughout the entire process, supporting you as we explore the root causes of your struggles and challenge any negative thoughts or beliefs that may be holding you back. This journey is about empowering you to make effective choices and positive changes, so that you can regain control of your life and find the happiness and fulfillment you deserve.
Let's be realistic, making the decision to seek help and attend counseling can feel overwhelming and scary. It takes a lot of courage to take that step towards your own well-being. But here's the good news - you don't have to face it alone. I'll be by your side throughout the entire process, supporting you as we explore the root causes of your struggles and challenge any negative thoughts or beliefs that may be holding you back. This journey is about empowering you to make effective choices and positive changes, so that you can regain control of your life and find the happiness and fulfillment you deserve.
15 Second Videos
Shelbi Kendrick
Warren Bodine
Jessica Reynoso
Andrew E. Henry, MA, LPC
Clark Lee
Maddie Armentrout
Patti Arrington
Audra Owens
Rebecca Gassett Nurse Practitioner
Tony Ziolko
Michael Keenan
Sharon Connour
Joel Downs
Kelli Forsythe
Dan Oakes
Caylie Brock
Amy Johns
Rachel Beth Wininger
Eric J Henley
Cassandra Darner
Hannah Ray
Adult & Adolescent Recovery Counseling
Leslie Pechkurow
Deborah M Johansen
Kelly Lopez
Mahria Thompson, M.A. Life Coach
John D McLean
Forrest Call
Jeni Steele (Gessel)
Marika Joubert
Healthy Minds Counseling, PLLC
Full of Heart Counseling & Consultation
Lisa Randall
Joshua Alston
Mellissa Perry Hill
Andrea Cordoba
Agave Center for Behavioral Health
Ashton Dunphy
Scott Fuller
Refined Mental Health and Wellness, PLLC
Amanda Mathews
Aaron Hallstrom Phd
Alexandrea Oviatt
Angela Allen
Brittany Callahan
Nathan Williams
Charmaine Fuller
Courtney R Pavone
James Weisbecker
Jen Ohlund
Rachel Santos
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85203
Limited evening, appointments available T & TH. Hey there, I’m Rachel Santos, an LPC based in Arizona, here to support adults from all walks of life. My passion lies in helping individuals navigate emerging adulthood. As well as assisting women though all stages of life, through the journey of womanhood. Specializing in anxiety, stress reduction, perinatal and postpartum issues, body dissatisfaction, low self-worth, eating disorders, college/emerging adult stressors, and trauma healing.
Limited evening, appointments available T & TH. Hey there, I’m Rachel Santos, an LPC based in Arizona, here to support adults from all walks of life. My passion lies in helping individuals navigate emerging adulthood. As well as assisting women though all stages of life, through the journey of womanhood. Specializing in anxiety, stress reduction, perinatal and postpartum issues, body dissatisfaction, low self-worth, eating disorders, college/emerging adult stressors, and trauma healing.
Austin Gamble
MEd, LASAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85210
Are you trying to push through issues in your life? Does it feel like you are not gaining traction? Where you are now is not where you have to stay. If your issue is anxiety, depression, or poor athletic performance, though these may feel overwhelming and even permanent, you have the ability to change course. Using self-reflection and evidence based counseling methods, I will work alongside you and challenge you in order to reach your goals.
Are you trying to push through issues in your life? Does it feel like you are not gaining traction? Where you are now is not where you have to stay. If your issue is anxiety, depression, or poor athletic performance, though these may feel overwhelming and even permanent, you have the ability to change course. Using self-reflection and evidence based counseling methods, I will work alongside you and challenge you in order to reach your goals.
Jamar Pruitt
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LISAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85203
I have experience with clients ranging from adolescence to the elderly, families and couples. My specialization is working with serious mental illness and substance abuse. I rely on compassion, empathy, and non judgment to respectfully approach complex situations. I understand that life has ebbs and flows. It can be difficult to traverse, especially when one feels alone, overwhelmed, hopeless, helpless, misunderstood, powerless, ashamed, unheard, victimized, confused, invisible, etc.
I have experience with clients ranging from adolescence to the elderly, families and couples. My specialization is working with serious mental illness and substance abuse. I rely on compassion, empathy, and non judgment to respectfully approach complex situations. I understand that life has ebbs and flows. It can be difficult to traverse, especially when one feels alone, overwhelmed, hopeless, helpless, misunderstood, powerless, ashamed, unheard, victimized, confused, invisible, etc.
Linda Rae Platt
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85202
As a licensed counselor I work with individuals, couples and families who have experienced trauma, including shame; as well as clients with anxiety, depression and addictions. I also specialize in working with children who have autism, anxiety, ADHD and sensory processing issues, as well as with their family members. I work with clients to help heal their attachment wounds and to integrate their past traumas so they no longer act as triggers in their lives. Working with couples and families to assist them in understanding their triggers and emotions and in communicating in a validating and empathic way is my strength.
As a licensed counselor I work with individuals, couples and families who have experienced trauma, including shame; as well as clients with anxiety, depression and addictions. I also specialize in working with children who have autism, anxiety, ADHD and sensory processing issues, as well as with their family members. I work with clients to help heal their attachment wounds and to integrate their past traumas so they no longer act as triggers in their lives. Working with couples and families to assist them in understanding their triggers and emotions and in communicating in a validating and empathic way is my strength.
Alicia Wright
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, MSW, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85213
You matter. You are not here by chance but by divine appointment. You are ready. The thought of starting therapy can be daunting, especially if this is your first time looking for help. I’ve sat on "the couch." I’ve felt the anxiety. I’ve reached for the tissues and sobbed in a stranger’s office. I want to acknowledge your strength and potential as you embark on this beautiful journey of healing and transformation- a coming back to your essence, open to the experiences of the present moment, and confident in your ability to navigate the "ebb and flow" of life. Let me guide you to this place with mindfulness and connection.
You matter. You are not here by chance but by divine appointment. You are ready. The thought of starting therapy can be daunting, especially if this is your first time looking for help. I’ve sat on "the couch." I’ve felt the anxiety. I’ve reached for the tissues and sobbed in a stranger’s office. I want to acknowledge your strength and potential as you embark on this beautiful journey of healing and transformation- a coming back to your essence, open to the experiences of the present moment, and confident in your ability to navigate the "ebb and flow" of life. Let me guide you to this place with mindfulness and connection.
Sarah J Drummond
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Mesa, AZ 85206
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and have been practicing in the mental health field since 2006. During my career, my primary focus has been working with adolescents and families. I have specialized in working with trauma and am certified in Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF CBT). I am also certified in The Nurtured Heart Approach (NHA) and incorporate the Collaborative Problem Solving Approach. I have worked with a variety of other mental health areas, including mood, grief and loss, self-harm, and more. Bean is my 4 year old chocolate Labrador Retriever and is in sessions as a certified Therapy Dog.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and have been practicing in the mental health field since 2006. During my career, my primary focus has been working with adolescents and families. I have specialized in working with trauma and am certified in Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF CBT). I am also certified in The Nurtured Heart Approach (NHA) and incorporate the Collaborative Problem Solving Approach. I have worked with a variety of other mental health areas, including mood, grief and loss, self-harm, and more. Bean is my 4 year old chocolate Labrador Retriever and is in sessions as a certified Therapy Dog.
Jessica Lama
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, DBTC
Verified Verified
Mesa, AZ 85206
I have a desire to create a solution focused and person centered natural and holistic approach to therapy. I am dedicated to developing meaningful partnerships with individuals and families in order to provide a personalized journey towards emotional wellness. Additionally, I am a proud ally to the LGBTQ+ community and offer Gender Affirming Surgery (transition surgery) and Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) evaluation and letter writing services, following the WPath standards of care and using the Gender ASSET evaluation tool.
I have a desire to create a solution focused and person centered natural and holistic approach to therapy. I am dedicated to developing meaningful partnerships with individuals and families in order to provide a personalized journey towards emotional wellness. Additionally, I am a proud ally to the LGBTQ+ community and offer Gender Affirming Surgery (transition surgery) and Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) evaluation and letter writing services, following the WPath standards of care and using the Gender ASSET evaluation tool.
Clark Lee
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85206
Hello I'm Clark Lee owner of S.O.L.E. "survivors of life experience" Counseling. I have a passion for the work I do. I'm a certified sexual addiction therapist and also trained in betrayal trauma healing. We work with individuals and couples in experiencing healing and wholeness through this essential work. We provide clients with an atmosphere of support and safety in their journey toward healing and finding their true self. I have worked at The Meadows, a world-renowned inpatient treatment facility, assisting clients with their sexual addiction and betrayal trauma.
Hello I'm Clark Lee owner of S.O.L.E. "survivors of life experience" Counseling. I have a passion for the work I do. I'm a certified sexual addiction therapist and also trained in betrayal trauma healing. We work with individuals and couples in experiencing healing and wholeness through this essential work. We provide clients with an atmosphere of support and safety in their journey toward healing and finding their true self. I have worked at The Meadows, a world-renowned inpatient treatment facility, assisting clients with their sexual addiction and betrayal trauma.
Sarah Post
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW
Verified Verified
Mesa, AZ 85210
Living with chronic conditions can present numerous challenges beyond physical discomfort. It often leads to struggles with anxiety, depression, and self-esteem, impacting our relationships with ourselves and others. Unaddressed past issues can leave us feeling stuck, disconnected, or hopeless, deeply impacting our adult lives.
Living with chronic conditions can present numerous challenges beyond physical discomfort. It often leads to struggles with anxiety, depression, and self-esteem, impacting our relationships with ourselves and others. Unaddressed past issues can leave us feeling stuck, disconnected, or hopeless, deeply impacting our adult lives.
See more therapy options for Mesa
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in Mesa, AZ
700+
Average cost per session
$145
Therapists in Mesa, AZ who prioritize treating:
91% | Anxiety |
86% | Depression |
75% | Relationship Issues |
75% | Self Esteem |
74% | Trauma and PTSD |
71% | Coping Skills |
69% | Stress |
Average years in practice
9 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
85% | Aetna |
76% | BlueCross and BlueShield |
57% | Cigna and Evernorth |
How Therapists in Mesa, AZ see their clients
82% | In Person and Online | |
18% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
81% | Female | |
18% | Male | |
1% | Non-Binary |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in Mesa?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.