Therapists in Boulder, CO

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Photo of Jessica K. Slatus, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boulder, CO
Jessica K. Slatus
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80304
There are few things in life that we are able to do without the help of another person. Emotional pain can feel insurmountable when you are struggling with it on your own. You do not have to be alone with these overwhelming feelings. I am a licensed clinical social worker and have experience working with adults, adolescents, children and families. I have a particular interest in working with adults and adolescents struggling with eating disorders, self-image, anxiety, mood disorders, abuse and/or relational problems. I also work with children and families around issues of trauma, school problems, and communication difficulties.
There are few things in life that we are able to do without the help of another person. Emotional pain can feel insurmountable when you are struggling with it on your own. You do not have to be alone with these overwhelming feelings. I am a licensed clinical social worker and have experience working with adults, adolescents, children and families. I have a particular interest in working with adults and adolescents struggling with eating disorders, self-image, anxiety, mood disorders, abuse and/or relational problems. I also work with children and families around issues of trauma, school problems, and communication difficulties.
(720) 263-4596 View (720) 263-4596
Photo of Rose Winkler, Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate in Boulder, CO
Rose Winkler
Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80301
Trauma-informed couple, polyamorous, & LGBTQIA+ relationship counseling for communication challenges! Are you struggling with communication? Does resolving conflicts feel overwhelming? Maybe you’re thinking ‘we love each other, why is this so hard?’. Are you noticing that you are getting triggered and want to learn ways to work with emotions that arise in your relationship? Maybe it feels difficult to make space for everyone’s feelings and needs. Are you leaving conversation feeling unheard? Maybe it’s feeling hard to trust and you’re not sure where that comes from.
Trauma-informed couple, polyamorous, & LGBTQIA+ relationship counseling for communication challenges! Are you struggling with communication? Does resolving conflicts feel overwhelming? Maybe you’re thinking ‘we love each other, why is this so hard?’. Are you noticing that you are getting triggered and want to learn ways to work with emotions that arise in your relationship? Maybe it feels difficult to make space for everyone’s feelings and needs. Are you leaving conversation feeling unheard? Maybe it’s feeling hard to trust and you’re not sure where that comes from.
(720) 740-3979 View (720) 740-3979
Photo of Neil J Rosen, Psychologist in Boulder, CO
Neil J Rosen
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80301
Self-defeating patterns, anxiety, bad moods, low self-esteem, compulsions, avoidance, inhibition, relationship problems at home, work or school or parenting dilemmas often respond to professional help. I work with all sorts of people including students, professionals, executives, academics, artists, writers, engineers, entrepreneurs, tradespeople and craftspeople, I'm interested in helping people learn about how they think, feel and understand themselves and others in order to develop more flexible responses.
Self-defeating patterns, anxiety, bad moods, low self-esteem, compulsions, avoidance, inhibition, relationship problems at home, work or school or parenting dilemmas often respond to professional help. I work with all sorts of people including students, professionals, executives, academics, artists, writers, engineers, entrepreneurs, tradespeople and craftspeople, I'm interested in helping people learn about how they think, feel and understand themselves and others in order to develop more flexible responses.
(720) 386-4744 View (720) 386-4744
Photo of James H Waters, Psychologist in Boulder, CO
James H Waters
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80302
Not accepting new clients
I enjoy helping people identify blocks to successful behavior or patterns that leave them unhappy or dissatisfied, issues they are often unaware of. I am very excited about using psychological tests for these purposes. I emphasize giving individuals direct feedback about the results, rather than only using them like "lab tests" where a report is sent to the referring therapist. I am also a neuropsychologist so I can provide information on whether brain-based problems like ADHD, learning disorders, or mild brain injury are present. I am also interested in helping identify effects of past trauma.
I enjoy helping people identify blocks to successful behavior or patterns that leave them unhappy or dissatisfied, issues they are often unaware of. I am very excited about using psychological tests for these purposes. I emphasize giving individuals direct feedback about the results, rather than only using them like "lab tests" where a report is sent to the referring therapist. I am also a neuropsychologist so I can provide information on whether brain-based problems like ADHD, learning disorders, or mild brain injury are present. I am also interested in helping identify effects of past trauma.
(720) 606-4620 View (720) 606-4620
Photo of Emily Musgrave, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Emily Musgrave
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80302
Are you ready to become the happiest, healthiest, most self-aware and authentic version of yourself? If so, reach out and join me as we embark on a powerful healing journey together. Healing can be isolating and fear provoking, but know that you are not alone. I am here to help guide you and let your soul shine. My purpose in life is to guide others in therapy so that they can feel full of light and joy, despite the heartaches of this human condition. My mission is to help you heal yourself. Everything is already within you. Sometimes we just need an external spark to light our flame.
Are you ready to become the happiest, healthiest, most self-aware and authentic version of yourself? If so, reach out and join me as we embark on a powerful healing journey together. Healing can be isolating and fear provoking, but know that you are not alone. I am here to help guide you and let your soul shine. My purpose in life is to guide others in therapy so that they can feel full of light and joy, despite the heartaches of this human condition. My mission is to help you heal yourself. Everything is already within you. Sometimes we just need an external spark to light our flame.
(720) 782-0882 View (720) 782-0882
Photo of Krista Malek, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Krista Malek
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, EMDR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80304  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Perinatal and postpartum mental health (including pre-conception, fertility, pregnancy, loss, birth, traumatic birth and the transition into parenthood) are my particular passions. It takes courage to acknowledge that our old ways of doing things are no longer serving us, this particularly peaks in the childbearing years (for a variety of reasons). Sometimes we feel that change is needed but we don't know where to start. I work from a foundational belief that ALL of us are capable of taking the steps necessary to actualize our full potential - the brilliance of who we truly are - and that sometimes old patterns get in the way.
Perinatal and postpartum mental health (including pre-conception, fertility, pregnancy, loss, birth, traumatic birth and the transition into parenthood) are my particular passions. It takes courage to acknowledge that our old ways of doing things are no longer serving us, this particularly peaks in the childbearing years (for a variety of reasons). Sometimes we feel that change is needed but we don't know where to start. I work from a foundational belief that ALL of us are capable of taking the steps necessary to actualize our full potential - the brilliance of who we truly are - and that sometimes old patterns get in the way.
(844) 338-4722 View (844) 338-4722
Photo of Johanna Lindau, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Johanna Lindau
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80302
I believe everyone has the ability to live a joyful life, have fulfilling relationships and experience wellness. I work with individuals and couples addressing challenges including: depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship difficulties, grief, disordered eating, low self esteem and more. I utilize practices of: PACT (Psychobiological Approach to Couples Counseling), mindfulness, somatic/body centered, principles of trauma resolution (neurobiology and polyvagal theory), wilderness/nature therapy, Internal Family Systems (parts work), art therapy, Brainspotting and more in our work together.
I believe everyone has the ability to live a joyful life, have fulfilling relationships and experience wellness. I work with individuals and couples addressing challenges including: depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship difficulties, grief, disordered eating, low self esteem and more. I utilize practices of: PACT (Psychobiological Approach to Couples Counseling), mindfulness, somatic/body centered, principles of trauma resolution (neurobiology and polyvagal theory), wilderness/nature therapy, Internal Family Systems (parts work), art therapy, Brainspotting and more in our work together.
(831) 325-0382 View (831) 325-0382
Photo of Andrew Schwartz, Psychologist in Boulder, CO
Andrew Schwartz
Psychologist, MS, PhD
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80304
My goal is to provide clients with science-based tools to manage their anxiety-related concerns on their own. My general treatment orientation is cognitive behavioral, with a peripheral focus on lifestyle issues that can impede your progress. Using a symptom-specific approach I can help to provide accurate diagnosis and treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Social Phobia, and other anxiety related issues. In addition to working with adults, I specialize in working with college students navigating the challenges of the university environment while managing an anxiety disorder.
My goal is to provide clients with science-based tools to manage their anxiety-related concerns on their own. My general treatment orientation is cognitive behavioral, with a peripheral focus on lifestyle issues that can impede your progress. Using a symptom-specific approach I can help to provide accurate diagnosis and treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Social Phobia, and other anxiety related issues. In addition to working with adults, I specialize in working with college students navigating the challenges of the university environment while managing an anxiety disorder.
(720) 606-6212 View (720) 606-6212
Photo of Klara N Brown, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Klara N Brown
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80301  (Online Only)
As a certified marriage and family therapist and relationship coach focusing on women empowerment whether they seek individual or couples therapy. My clients are successful, intelligent, conscientious women who hold themselves to high standards. Intimate relationship is challenging. It's tough to get through the week without hurt feelings, upsets, or disagreement. They want to make things work. It feels like nothing ever changes. They feel powerless, unhappy, and unfulfilled. I can help even if their partner is not on board.
As a certified marriage and family therapist and relationship coach focusing on women empowerment whether they seek individual or couples therapy. My clients are successful, intelligent, conscientious women who hold themselves to high standards. Intimate relationship is challenging. It's tough to get through the week without hurt feelings, upsets, or disagreement. They want to make things work. It feels like nothing ever changes. They feel powerless, unhappy, and unfulfilled. I can help even if their partner is not on board.
(720) 821-6460 View (720) 821-6460
Susan Nofziger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80305  (Online Only)
Struggling with your relationship, loss of a loved one, job difficulties, poor self esteem? Sometimes no matter what you've tried you find yourself repeating old patterns, feeling stuck. There is help. We'll start wherever you are on your life's journey. We'll talk about your situation, your goals. With warmth and compassion, I'll offer practical solutions, support, guidance, problem solving, self understanding and self discovery. People report relief after just a few sessions.
Struggling with your relationship, loss of a loved one, job difficulties, poor self esteem? Sometimes no matter what you've tried you find yourself repeating old patterns, feeling stuck. There is help. We'll start wherever you are on your life's journey. We'll talk about your situation, your goals. With warmth and compassion, I'll offer practical solutions, support, guidance, problem solving, self understanding and self discovery. People report relief after just a few sessions.
(720) 288-0968 View (720) 288-0968
Photo of Stephanie Gold, Psychologist in Boulder, CO
Stephanie Gold
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80302
People seek therapy for a variety of reasons. It could be because they are feeling sad or anxious, lacking in motivation, feeling unfulfilled, or having relationship problems. Maybe you are going through a life transition such as the loss of a loved one, an illness, or a divorce. There are many bumps and curves on the road of life.
People seek therapy for a variety of reasons. It could be because they are feeling sad or anxious, lacking in motivation, feeling unfulfilled, or having relationship problems. Maybe you are going through a life transition such as the loss of a loved one, an illness, or a divorce. There are many bumps and curves on the road of life.
(720) 792-7076 View (720) 792-7076
Photo of Afra Moenter, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Afra Moenter
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80301
I have 25+ years of experience in the field of Mental and Neuro Health. My special Interest and Expertise is in the areas of Functional Neurological Disorders (FND), Somatoform Dissociation, (P)NES, NEAD, Epilepsy, Unexplained Medical Symptoms, and Unique Experiences (such as hearing voices, having visions, mystical or paranormal experiences).
I have 25+ years of experience in the field of Mental and Neuro Health. My special Interest and Expertise is in the areas of Functional Neurological Disorders (FND), Somatoform Dissociation, (P)NES, NEAD, Epilepsy, Unexplained Medical Symptoms, and Unique Experiences (such as hearing voices, having visions, mystical or paranormal experiences).
(720) 606-4341 View (720) 606-4341
Photo of Megan Ramos, Counselor in Boulder, CO
Megan Ramos
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80301
I offer somatic psychotherapy, energetic, and intuitive support for working through trauma, recovering a sense of aliveness, and connecting with the wisdom that naturally moves through each of us. Our sessions often start by coming into connection, safety and regulation in the moment. Often times, the symptoms and issues we experience are rooted in dysregulation in our nervous systems. Our time is rooted in expanding resource, a sense of well being in the moment, so that more difficult material can begin to integrate.
I offer somatic psychotherapy, energetic, and intuitive support for working through trauma, recovering a sense of aliveness, and connecting with the wisdom that naturally moves through each of us. Our sessions often start by coming into connection, safety and regulation in the moment. Often times, the symptoms and issues we experience are rooted in dysregulation in our nervous systems. Our time is rooted in expanding resource, a sense of well being in the moment, so that more difficult material can begin to integrate.
(970) 373-1488 View (970) 373-1488
Photo of Kc Cohen, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Boulder, CO
Kc Cohen
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, MFTC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80301
Are you looking to reconnect with your partner or family members? Feeling stuck in the same pattern of conflict and old wounds? Has your relationship been pushed to the back burner during major life transitions? I have the privilege of working with individuals, couples, and families looking to discover better connections with themselves and each other. My practice is grounded in Relational Life Therapy, Emotionally Focused Therapy, and Mindful Self Compassion. I support clients in acknowledging, valuing, and working with the parts of themselves and their loved ones that are often perceived as painful and in need of “fixing”.
Are you looking to reconnect with your partner or family members? Feeling stuck in the same pattern of conflict and old wounds? Has your relationship been pushed to the back burner during major life transitions? I have the privilege of working with individuals, couples, and families looking to discover better connections with themselves and each other. My practice is grounded in Relational Life Therapy, Emotionally Focused Therapy, and Mindful Self Compassion. I support clients in acknowledging, valuing, and working with the parts of themselves and their loved ones that are often perceived as painful and in need of “fixing”.
(720) 743-6646 View (720) 743-6646
Photo of Irene Lee, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boulder, CO
Irene Lee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80305
My approach is client-centered, meaning I start where you are and work collaboratively to find a way forward. Perhaps that means finding a solution to a specific problem, or breaking patterns of behavior, or simply developing a better understanding of yourself.
My approach is client-centered, meaning I start where you are and work collaboratively to find a way forward. Perhaps that means finding a solution to a specific problem, or breaking patterns of behavior, or simply developing a better understanding of yourself.
(720) 408-7766 View (720) 408-7766
Photo of Soraya Orr, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Soraya Orr
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MSEd
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80302  (Online Only)
Have you found it difficult to cope lately? Are you struggling to get through each day? Far too often we struggle internally, not knowing where to turn. I believe that we all need an opportunity to understand ourselves, our experiences, and our relationships with greater clarity. I want to help you become a better problem solver no matter how big or small your problems are.
Have you found it difficult to cope lately? Are you struggling to get through each day? Far too often we struggle internally, not knowing where to turn. I believe that we all need an opportunity to understand ourselves, our experiences, and our relationships with greater clarity. I want to help you become a better problem solver no matter how big or small your problems are.
(720) 307-1164 View (720) 307-1164
Photo of Ashley Shires, Counselor in Boulder, CO
Ashley Shires
Counselor, MFA, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80304
Compassionate, mindfulness-based therapy and writing groups: I support my clients through life transitions, divorce, grief, depression, anxiety, addiction, and other emotional challenges. I offer research-based tools to help clients live a more meaningful, connected and creative life.
Compassionate, mindfulness-based therapy and writing groups: I support my clients through life transitions, divorce, grief, depression, anxiety, addiction, and other emotional challenges. I offer research-based tools to help clients live a more meaningful, connected and creative life.
(720) 615-4234 View (720) 615-4234
Photo of Samantha Monk Grigsby, Psychologist in Boulder, CO
Samantha Monk Grigsby
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80302
I help people feel less anxious, less stressed, less overwhelmed and less depressed by providing life-changing psychological services for long-lasting emotional wellness. I am committed to using the best cognitive behavioral therapies that have been extensively researched and proven to work. Using my expertise in these gold standard treatments, I collaborate with my clients to tailor treatment to their specific needs and provide these therapy services in a private, tranquil, peaceful environment. I am here to help you, and your loved ones, feel better through therapy that is grounded in compassion, understanding and empathy.
I help people feel less anxious, less stressed, less overwhelmed and less depressed by providing life-changing psychological services for long-lasting emotional wellness. I am committed to using the best cognitive behavioral therapies that have been extensively researched and proven to work. Using my expertise in these gold standard treatments, I collaborate with my clients to tailor treatment to their specific needs and provide these therapy services in a private, tranquil, peaceful environment. I am here to help you, and your loved ones, feel better through therapy that is grounded in compassion, understanding and empathy.
(720) 263-4360 View (720) 263-4360
Photo of Ana Sofia Ferrara, Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate in Boulder, CO
Ana Sofia Ferrara
Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80301
Important: I only offer telehealth psychotherapy and coaching for now. I believe as humans we are a whole of all of our areas: body, mind, spirit, relationships, energy. All of these aspects are interacting within themselves and the world all the time. I am a best fit for people who want to take responsiblity for themselves and want to build a relationships to their parts. Clients who already are in their spiritual path, or are curious to cultivate one, want to meet their body is the portal to work with emotion, trauma, and capacity for joy.
Important: I only offer telehealth psychotherapy and coaching for now. I believe as humans we are a whole of all of our areas: body, mind, spirit, relationships, energy. All of these aspects are interacting within themselves and the world all the time. I am a best fit for people who want to take responsiblity for themselves and want to build a relationships to their parts. Clients who already are in their spiritual path, or are curious to cultivate one, want to meet their body is the portal to work with emotion, trauma, and capacity for joy.
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Photo of Heather A. Lee, LCSW StresSpecialist, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boulder, CO
Heather A. Lee, LCSW StresSpecialist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80301
I am passionate about helping people discover their own inner wisdom so they can experience more peace, pleasure and calm in their lives and relationships. "You must make a choice to take a chance or your life will never change". I am here to support and guide you in creating long lasting, sustained change using highly effective treatment methods including Brainspotting, Mindfulness, Nature Therapy, Ketamine and Psychedelic Medicine. I specialize in Anxiety, OCD, Women's Life Transitions and Cultivating Calm. My pioneering work in psychedelics was featured on CBS with Lisa Ling
I am passionate about helping people discover their own inner wisdom so they can experience more peace, pleasure and calm in their lives and relationships. "You must make a choice to take a chance or your life will never change". I am here to support and guide you in creating long lasting, sustained change using highly effective treatment methods including Brainspotting, Mindfulness, Nature Therapy, Ketamine and Psychedelic Medicine. I specialize in Anxiety, OCD, Women's Life Transitions and Cultivating Calm. My pioneering work in psychedelics was featured on CBS with Lisa Ling
(720) 896-2984 View (720) 896-2984

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Boulder, CO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Boulder, CO who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
85% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
76% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress
70% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
60% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
59% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Boulder, CO see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
22% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Boulder?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.