Therapists in Virginia Beach, VA

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Photo of Denielle Rigoglioso, Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia Beach, VA
Denielle Rigoglioso
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC , CSAC , CAADC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23456  (Online Only)
Do you experience inner critic invading your self worth or have fears that limit your full potential? Do you struggle with boundaries or people pleasing? Over time various experiences, relationships or situations can strip us of our confidence, create fears and unleash ones inner critic and impact self confidence. Therapy with me can rebuild confidence, value and self-worth and reclaim your life without sacrificing your own needs. My counseling style is welcoming, warm, interactive, relaxed and non-judgmental. I am my authentic self in therapy sessions and provide a safe space for you to come as your are as well.
Do you experience inner critic invading your self worth or have fears that limit your full potential? Do you struggle with boundaries or people pleasing? Over time various experiences, relationships or situations can strip us of our confidence, create fears and unleash ones inner critic and impact self confidence. Therapy with me can rebuild confidence, value and self-worth and reclaim your life without sacrificing your own needs. My counseling style is welcoming, warm, interactive, relaxed and non-judgmental. I am my authentic self in therapy sessions and provide a safe space for you to come as your are as well.
(757) 781-0547 View (757) 781-0547
Photo of Monika Isip, Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia Beach, VA
Monika Isip
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23462
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome! I'm glad our paths have crossed. I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor and Registered Art Therapist with 18 years of experience. My aim is to help clients sort through confusion, learn/practice new ways of understanding and responding to experiences, meet their wounds with compassion, and reconnect with their inherent vitality. Through my practice, Vitality Counseling and Art Therapy, I often support clients who are navigating the effects of change, chronic stress, or trauma. Some report feeling too intensely, while others feel detached. Often, their relationships are difficult. I serve adults of all ages and teens 17+
Welcome! I'm glad our paths have crossed. I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor and Registered Art Therapist with 18 years of experience. My aim is to help clients sort through confusion, learn/practice new ways of understanding and responding to experiences, meet their wounds with compassion, and reconnect with their inherent vitality. Through my practice, Vitality Counseling and Art Therapy, I often support clients who are navigating the effects of change, chronic stress, or trauma. Some report feeling too intensely, while others feel detached. Often, their relationships are difficult. I serve adults of all ages and teens 17+
(757) 267-4718 View (757) 267-4718
Photo of Amy Phillips, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Virginia Beach, VA
Amy Phillips
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23451  (Online Only)
Do you wake up at night and can't go back to sleep? Do you wake up and dread starting another day? Many of my clients need help with depression, PTSD, anxiety, panic attacks, emotional & narcissistic abuse, and relationship issues. I have over 10 years of experience with children, families, teenagers, couples, and adults. I will help you or your family member access the strengths that have been overshadowed by life's challenges. I also specialize in couples and marital therapy. Call me before you call your lawyer.
Do you wake up at night and can't go back to sleep? Do you wake up and dread starting another day? Many of my clients need help with depression, PTSD, anxiety, panic attacks, emotional & narcissistic abuse, and relationship issues. I have over 10 years of experience with children, families, teenagers, couples, and adults. I will help you or your family member access the strengths that have been overshadowed by life's challenges. I also specialize in couples and marital therapy. Call me before you call your lawyer.
(757) 665-2452 View (757) 665-2452
Photo of Karen Johnston, Pre-Licensed Professional in Virginia Beach, VA
Karen Johnston
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
Karen Johnston Is a Resident in Counseling (RIC) working towards full licensure as an LPC with over 6 years of experience. She is passionate about helping people and couples of all ages and backgrounds address challenges and trauma they may have faced in the past or are currently facing. Karen specializes in anxiety, grief, trauma, depression, behavioral problems and relationship issues.
Karen Johnston Is a Resident in Counseling (RIC) working towards full licensure as an LPC with over 6 years of experience. She is passionate about helping people and couples of all ages and backgrounds address challenges and trauma they may have faced in the past or are currently facing. Karen specializes in anxiety, grief, trauma, depression, behavioral problems and relationship issues.
(757) 780-1512 View (757) 780-1512
Photo of Morgan Cohen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Virginia Beach, VA
Morgan Cohen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23464  (Online Only)
Welcome! If you found yourself here, I am so glad that you decided to invest in yourself and your life! Starting therapy can be both exciting and scary and I am here to support you every step of the way. My name is Morgan (she/her) and I would love the opportunity to work with you. I focus on you as an individual and encourage you to come to your session ready to talk about topics that are important and relevant to you. I offer a safe, judgment-free environment where you can be your authentic self. As your therapist, I will provide insight, feedback, skills/tips, education, resources and support based on your needs.
Welcome! If you found yourself here, I am so glad that you decided to invest in yourself and your life! Starting therapy can be both exciting and scary and I am here to support you every step of the way. My name is Morgan (she/her) and I would love the opportunity to work with you. I focus on you as an individual and encourage you to come to your session ready to talk about topics that are important and relevant to you. I offer a safe, judgment-free environment where you can be your authentic self. As your therapist, I will provide insight, feedback, skills/tips, education, resources and support based on your needs.
(757) 798-8933 View (757) 798-8933
Photo of Cheryl L. Shiflett, Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia Beach, VA
Cheryl L. Shiflett
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-ACS, ATR-BC, ATCS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23451
Not accepting new clients
As an art therapist, my approach to psychotherapy is creative and depth-oriented. Art making and the creative process guide the exploration of presenting and underlying conflicts, symptoms, and feelings of dis-ease. Sometimes, explaining the hurt we are experiencing can be too difficult to put into words. Giving visual form to feelings, thoughts, and behaviors can facilitate the discovery of insights, self-awareness, and the strengths that can lead to healing and restoration of well-being.
As an art therapist, my approach to psychotherapy is creative and depth-oriented. Art making and the creative process guide the exploration of presenting and underlying conflicts, symptoms, and feelings of dis-ease. Sometimes, explaining the hurt we are experiencing can be too difficult to put into words. Giving visual form to feelings, thoughts, and behaviors can facilitate the discovery of insights, self-awareness, and the strengths that can lead to healing and restoration of well-being.
(757) 367-8819 View (757) 367-8819
Photo of Lauren Bise, Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia Beach, VA
Lauren Bise
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23462
My goal as a therapist is to help you identify your challenges and the steps to overcome them, whether you are struggling to cope with your past experiences, experiencing mood dysregulation, or are uncertain of how to navigate life’s many challenges. Together, we will embark on the journey towards self-exploration and mental wellness. Check my availability on our website.
My goal as a therapist is to help you identify your challenges and the steps to overcome them, whether you are struggling to cope with your past experiences, experiencing mood dysregulation, or are uncertain of how to navigate life’s many challenges. Together, we will embark on the journey towards self-exploration and mental wellness. Check my availability on our website.
(757) 571-8389 View (757) 571-8389
Photo of Jeanette Gaines, Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia Beach, VA
Jeanette Gaines
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23455
I specialize in depression, anxiety, and PTSD (trauma).
I specialize in depression, anxiety, and PTSD (trauma).
(757) 854-6871 View (757) 854-6871
Photo of Angela F Montgomery, Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia Beach, VA
Angela F Montgomery
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
Counseling is most effective when it is a collaborative process. Goals are established within the first few sessions intended to guide the course of our work. I will work diligently to provide you with compassionate and effective counseling that is respectful of your life experiences and individual perspective. Our ultimate goal is that your counseling experience will provide you with an opportunity for growth and healing. Together, we will strive to make each session a "safe place" to share thoughts and feelings, try new behaviors, and plan for a healthy and productive future.
Counseling is most effective when it is a collaborative process. Goals are established within the first few sessions intended to guide the course of our work. I will work diligently to provide you with compassionate and effective counseling that is respectful of your life experiences and individual perspective. Our ultimate goal is that your counseling experience will provide you with an opportunity for growth and healing. Together, we will strive to make each session a "safe place" to share thoughts and feelings, try new behaviors, and plan for a healthy and productive future.
(360) 529-3156 View (360) 529-3156
Photo of Kate Cronje, Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia Beach, VA
Kate Cronje
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, ATR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23464
Waitlist for new clients
I have a passion for helping individuals/families in all walks of life to take control of their experiences and use strengths to give them power to grow. Your story and collection of struggles are you unique to you. There is no one-size fits all approach to therapy, so I maintain a broad spectrum of approaches and techniques to assist in reaching goals through treatment. We will spend time understanding what you experience and why, so when you start making changes to improve your life, they will stick.
I have a passion for helping individuals/families in all walks of life to take control of their experiences and use strengths to give them power to grow. Your story and collection of struggles are you unique to you. There is no one-size fits all approach to therapy, so I maintain a broad spectrum of approaches and techniques to assist in reaching goals through treatment. We will spend time understanding what you experience and why, so when you start making changes to improve your life, they will stick.
(757) 210-7156 View (757) 210-7156
Photo of William H Bates, Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia Beach, VA
William H Bates
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23462
Burnout: It has been said “it’s lonely at the top”. You have reached the top in your career, but your personal life is in shambles or you’re experiencing “burnout”. The Therapist problem solves and suggests interventions for their clients but, who can the Therapist talk to? You’re a Veteran struggling to come back to the “Real World”, and every day and night are a battle with PTSD symptoms. You may be a parent that is at the “end of your rope” with a child with Autism, ADHD, or significant depression and is exhibiting negative behaviors in the home and at school. You may need help in processing loss, divorce, and retirement.
Burnout: It has been said “it’s lonely at the top”. You have reached the top in your career, but your personal life is in shambles or you’re experiencing “burnout”. The Therapist problem solves and suggests interventions for their clients but, who can the Therapist talk to? You’re a Veteran struggling to come back to the “Real World”, and every day and night are a battle with PTSD symptoms. You may be a parent that is at the “end of your rope” with a child with Autism, ADHD, or significant depression and is exhibiting negative behaviors in the home and at school. You may need help in processing loss, divorce, and retirement.
(757) 693-6900 View (757) 693-6900
Photo of Wash Carthon, Pre-Licensed Professional in Virginia Beach, VA
Wash Carthon
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23464
I provide Pastoral Christian Counseling and Life Coaching in the Hampton Roads area. As a Pastoral Counselor and Coach my professional philosophy is that I am committed to the same professional standards and code of ethics that are essential in clinical counseling. The goal of pastoral counseling is to help individuals think biblically about their current struggles in the context of a confidential, and in a caring environment. Life coaching is a developmental process whereby I will meet with individuals on a regular basis to clarify goals, deal with potential stumbling blocks and improve their performance.
I provide Pastoral Christian Counseling and Life Coaching in the Hampton Roads area. As a Pastoral Counselor and Coach my professional philosophy is that I am committed to the same professional standards and code of ethics that are essential in clinical counseling. The goal of pastoral counseling is to help individuals think biblically about their current struggles in the context of a confidential, and in a caring environment. Life coaching is a developmental process whereby I will meet with individuals on a regular basis to clarify goals, deal with potential stumbling blocks and improve their performance.
(757) 551-6746 View (757) 551-6746
Photo of The Faye Bonnick Counseling Center in Virginia Beach, VA
The Faye Bonnick Counseling Center
DMin, MA
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23462
The Faye Bonnick Counseling Center for Healing and Recovery is a non-profit organization that was founded in 2017 in loving memory of Ms. Faye Bonnick and serves teens, adults, couples, and families to help them navigate through painful feelings, setting personal boundaries, anxiety, depression, grief, anger, sexual trauma, and sexual addiction through our certified and qualified counselors and pastoral counselors.
The Faye Bonnick Counseling Center for Healing and Recovery is a non-profit organization that was founded in 2017 in loving memory of Ms. Faye Bonnick and serves teens, adults, couples, and families to help them navigate through painful feelings, setting personal boundaries, anxiety, depression, grief, anger, sexual trauma, and sexual addiction through our certified and qualified counselors and pastoral counselors.
(757) 801-2117 View (757) 801-2117
Photo of Mind Over Matter Therapy, Pre-Licensed Professional in Virginia Beach, VA
Mind Over Matter Therapy
Pre-Licensed Professional, RIC, ME
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23454  (Online Only)
My name is Michael Sheffield and alongside obtaining my Master's degree, I have been working in the counseling field with people for 3 years. Life is hitting you hard right now and you're stuck. Maybe you feel alone. Maybe you struggle doing what you need or want to get done. Maybe you struggle with the way your mind works. Or just maybe you feel like there's not much meaning in your life. My life and training are lent towards working with people experiencing depressed mood, anxiety, overactive/judgemental minds, relationship stress, pessimism, trauma, sleep disturbance, OCD, uncontrolled anger/mood, workaholism, and chronic pain.
My name is Michael Sheffield and alongside obtaining my Master's degree, I have been working in the counseling field with people for 3 years. Life is hitting you hard right now and you're stuck. Maybe you feel alone. Maybe you struggle doing what you need or want to get done. Maybe you struggle with the way your mind works. Or just maybe you feel like there's not much meaning in your life. My life and training are lent towards working with people experiencing depressed mood, anxiety, overactive/judgemental minds, relationship stress, pessimism, trauma, sleep disturbance, OCD, uncontrolled anger/mood, workaholism, and chronic pain.
(757) 231-3952 View (757) 231-3952
Photo of Markesha Evans, Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia Beach, VA
Markesha Evans
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23464
If you are looking for a friendly professional that is truly interested in your well-being and your wellness, then you have come to the right place. Changing the dynamics of your life is one step away and you've already taken the first step. We will work together to break away from generational baggage, heal from broken heart, and change mindsets that no longer serve us. Let's start to unpack the heaviness and drop the bags of shame, guilt, low self-esteem, depression, trauma, etc that we have been carrying for so long. The bags that have been holding us back from us living a more fulfilled and peaceful life.
If you are looking for a friendly professional that is truly interested in your well-being and your wellness, then you have come to the right place. Changing the dynamics of your life is one step away and you've already taken the first step. We will work together to break away from generational baggage, heal from broken heart, and change mindsets that no longer serve us. Let's start to unpack the heaviness and drop the bags of shame, guilt, low self-esteem, depression, trauma, etc that we have been carrying for so long. The bags that have been holding us back from us living a more fulfilled and peaceful life.
(757) 993-7716 View (757) 993-7716
Photo of Heart and Soul Child and Family Services,PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia Beach, VA
Heart and Soul Child and Family Services,PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23464
Heart and Soul-Child and Family Services works with the effects of depression, anxiety, trauma, low self esteem, relationship issues, life stressors or the overwhelming feelings that come with your child's behavior? We work with you or your children to address behavioral and mental health concerns.
Heart and Soul-Child and Family Services works with the effects of depression, anxiety, trauma, low self esteem, relationship issues, life stressors or the overwhelming feelings that come with your child's behavior? We work with you or your children to address behavioral and mental health concerns.
(757) 210-7432 View (757) 210-7432
Photo of Brittany Hines, Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia Beach, VA
Brittany Hines
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23452  (Online Only)
Have you ever wondered what it would be like to break free from the grip and effects of trauma, depression and anxiety, while embracing your true self and finding lasting emotional balance? If your an adult or have a child who seeks refuge from the grip of these emotions, yearning to reclaim emotional equilibrium without losing your true essence and desire a life unburdened by constant inner turmoil, here is where you can rediscover joy and meaning. Together we will explore emotions and thoughts, gently nudging toward self-discovery, uncover patterns and building effective coping skills and gain valuable insights!
Have you ever wondered what it would be like to break free from the grip and effects of trauma, depression and anxiety, while embracing your true self and finding lasting emotional balance? If your an adult or have a child who seeks refuge from the grip of these emotions, yearning to reclaim emotional equilibrium without losing your true essence and desire a life unburdened by constant inner turmoil, here is where you can rediscover joy and meaning. Together we will explore emotions and thoughts, gently nudging toward self-discovery, uncover patterns and building effective coping skills and gain valuable insights!
(757) 993-7611 View (757) 993-7611
Photo of Chara Scott, Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia Beach, VA
Chara Scott
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23464  (Online Only)
Even the strongest people I know have times of doubt, low self-confidence, and even guilt. Perhaps you feel capable in certain areas of your life while at a loss in others. I have a unique perspective as both a mother and former first-responder. While those may seem like very different experiences, they have a lot in common. There are many highs, lows, moments of reward and moments where you feel you just can’t keep going, and yet you do. I specialize in areas that may or may not overlap, including treating first-responders, mothers, and others who need support and guidance moving forward.
Even the strongest people I know have times of doubt, low self-confidence, and even guilt. Perhaps you feel capable in certain areas of your life while at a loss in others. I have a unique perspective as both a mother and former first-responder. While those may seem like very different experiences, they have a lot in common. There are many highs, lows, moments of reward and moments where you feel you just can’t keep going, and yet you do. I specialize in areas that may or may not overlap, including treating first-responders, mothers, and others who need support and guidance moving forward.
(757) 835-3392 View (757) 835-3392
Photo of Dr. Barbara F Shabazz, Psychologist in Virginia Beach, VA
Dr. Barbara F Shabazz
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23464  (Online Only)
Welcome VA residents! Here, you’ll find personalized mental health care, from a licensed clinical psychologist, to help you navigate life’s waves from wherever you are in the world. My name is Dr. Barbara F. Shabazz. You can call me Dr.B. I have over 25 years of experience facilitating change in the lives of clients and students. My role is to journey alongside you - supporting, validating, and encouraging agency - as you ‘work out the waves’. I can’t want it for you, more than you do. But, if you’re ready to make the commitment, to professional care, I’ll stand with you. Let’s do the work!
Welcome VA residents! Here, you’ll find personalized mental health care, from a licensed clinical psychologist, to help you navigate life’s waves from wherever you are in the world. My name is Dr. Barbara F. Shabazz. You can call me Dr.B. I have over 25 years of experience facilitating change in the lives of clients and students. My role is to journey alongside you - supporting, validating, and encouraging agency - as you ‘work out the waves’. I can’t want it for you, more than you do. But, if you’re ready to make the commitment, to professional care, I’ll stand with you. Let’s do the work!
(757) 637-1814 View (757) 637-1814
Photo of Nachelle Jenkins, Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia Beach, VA
Nachelle Jenkins
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
Hello, I am an LPC who is passionate about supporting all my clients through current stressors until growth and healing occurs. I listen, process the desire, and utilize the best theoretical approach in efforts to gain measurable success. The desire to help through listening and establishing reasonable goals. What drives me are the passionate individuals who are self-aware regarding change.
Hello, I am an LPC who is passionate about supporting all my clients through current stressors until growth and healing occurs. I listen, process the desire, and utilize the best theoretical approach in efforts to gain measurable success. The desire to help through listening and establishing reasonable goals. What drives me are the passionate individuals who are self-aware regarding change.
(757) 231-3587 View (757) 231-3587

See more therapy options for Virginia Beach

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Virginia Beach, VA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Virginia Beach, VA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
90% Depression
76% Self Esteem
73% Coping Skills
73% Stress
72% Trauma and PTSD
71% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% Aetna
74% BlueCross and BlueShield
72% Anthem | Elevance

How Therapists in Virginia Beach, VA see their clients

61% In Person and Online
39% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
13% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Virginia Beach?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.