Therapists in Somerville, MA

Photo of Kellissa Anne Paquette, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Somerville, MA
Kellissa Anne Paquette
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Somerville, MA 02145  (Online Only)
Whether starting therapy for the first time, coming back or transitioning to a new therapist, the process can feel daunting & scary. As a LICSW, I am committed to practicing social justice, cultural humility, and strengthening one's sense of self-empowerment through therapy. I have experience working internationally and helping those with concerns around anxiety, depression, PTSD, migration stress, grief, life transitions, interpersonal challenges and other chronic medical/mental health needs. Additionally, I honor that each individual is an expert in their own experience, and aim to help build upon one's own inherent strengths.
Whether starting therapy for the first time, coming back or transitioning to a new therapist, the process can feel daunting & scary. As a LICSW, I am committed to practicing social justice, cultural humility, and strengthening one's sense of self-empowerment through therapy. I have experience working internationally and helping those with concerns around anxiety, depression, PTSD, migration stress, grief, life transitions, interpersonal challenges and other chronic medical/mental health needs. Additionally, I honor that each individual is an expert in their own experience, and aim to help build upon one's own inherent strengths.
(781) 776-7531 View (781) 776-7531
Photo of Dr. Ken Miller, Psychologist in Somerville, MA
Dr. Ken Miller
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02144  (Online Only)
Do any of these resonate for you? You want to break free from anxiety or depression, or tame your harsh inner-critic. You’ve tried counseling, or read self-help books, or have a mindfulness practice. But your distress persists, the inner critic refuses to be tamed. Maybe you feel stuck professionally. You’d love to feel more fulfilled by your work, but just don’t see how to make this happen. Or maybe you’re looking for a loving relationship, but despite all your efforts, true intimacy remains elusive.
Do any of these resonate for you? You want to break free from anxiety or depression, or tame your harsh inner-critic. You’ve tried counseling, or read self-help books, or have a mindfulness practice. But your distress persists, the inner critic refuses to be tamed. Maybe you feel stuck professionally. You’d love to feel more fulfilled by your work, but just don’t see how to make this happen. Or maybe you’re looking for a loving relationship, but despite all your efforts, true intimacy remains elusive.
(617) 618-5552 View (617) 618-5552
Photo of Amy K Fox, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Somerville, MA
Amy K Fox
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Somerville, MA 02144  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW). I received my Masters in Social Work from Boston University. I have worked in various settings in the field as a school based counselor, in-home family therapist and outpatient mental health clinician. I work with adolescents and adults using a strength-based approach.
I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW). I received my Masters in Social Work from Boston University. I have worked in various settings in the field as a school based counselor, in-home family therapist and outpatient mental health clinician. I work with adolescents and adults using a strength-based approach.
(774) 332-5441 View (774) 332-5441
Photo of Michael Robbins, Counselor in Somerville, MA
Michael Robbins
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Somerville, MA 02143
Not accepting new clients
Awards - Best of Somerville for Therapy - 2019, 2020 and 2021! As a psychotherapist I bring a depth of expertise to my work that has been sharpened by more than 35 years of clinical experience. The cornerstone of my therapeutic work is to help people become fully present in the Here and Now, free from dysfunctional roles, psychological distortions, trauma and body armoring. I use a variety of modalities including Sensorimotor Psychotherapy, Spiritual Psychology, Systems Oriented Therapy, Existential/Psychoanalytic Therapy, Meditation, Qi Gong Therapy and Body Oriented Psychotherapies. I work with individuals, couples and groups.
Awards - Best of Somerville for Therapy - 2019, 2020 and 2021! As a psychotherapist I bring a depth of expertise to my work that has been sharpened by more than 35 years of clinical experience. The cornerstone of my therapeutic work is to help people become fully present in the Here and Now, free from dysfunctional roles, psychological distortions, trauma and body armoring. I use a variety of modalities including Sensorimotor Psychotherapy, Spiritual Psychology, Systems Oriented Therapy, Existential/Psychoanalytic Therapy, Meditation, Qi Gong Therapy and Body Oriented Psychotherapies. I work with individuals, couples and groups.
(617) 415-7141 View (617) 415-7141
Photo of Jeffrey Siegel in Somerville, MA
Jeffrey Siegel
EdM, MA, CPT, DEPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Somerville, MA 02143  (Online Only)
I work with men who are feeling "off their game" and want to fulfill their personal and professional potential. Stuck in unhealthy habits? Repeating self-destructive patterns? Are you undermining your health and happiness? I give you accountability and support to make a change in how you take care of yourself. Stop beating yourself up. Start getting control of what really matters.
I work with men who are feeling "off their game" and want to fulfill their personal and professional potential. Stuck in unhealthy habits? Repeating self-destructive patterns? Are you undermining your health and happiness? I give you accountability and support to make a change in how you take care of yourself. Stop beating yourself up. Start getting control of what really matters.
(215) 515-7206 View (215) 515-7206
Photo of James Graceffo, Psychologist in Somerville, MA
James Graceffo
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02143  (Online Only)
I have extensive experience working and training in University Counseling Centers (i.e., Penn State University Graduate Assistant, Pre-doctoral internship at Suffolk University, Post-doctoral Fellow at Tufts University followed by three years as a Staff Psychologist at Tufts). My clinical interests include college student mental health, in general; stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, interpersonal concerns, drug and alcohol use/misuse/abuse; Men’s issues; Childhood trauma; Working with students on the Autism Spectrum; Identity concerns; Relationship concerns; Issues of diversity and inclusion. Please see website for more info.
I have extensive experience working and training in University Counseling Centers (i.e., Penn State University Graduate Assistant, Pre-doctoral internship at Suffolk University, Post-doctoral Fellow at Tufts University followed by three years as a Staff Psychologist at Tufts). My clinical interests include college student mental health, in general; stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, interpersonal concerns, drug and alcohol use/misuse/abuse; Men’s issues; Childhood trauma; Working with students on the Autism Spectrum; Identity concerns; Relationship concerns; Issues of diversity and inclusion. Please see website for more info.
(315) 729-6215 View (315) 729-6215
Photo of Bryan Christie, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Somerville, MA
Bryan Christie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02145
*Accepting new clients* My work aims to help individuals develop a deeper connection with themselves and how they relate to the world around them. Together, we will cultivate a greater sense of self-awareness to drive positive change in your life. I tend to focus on identifying maladaptive patterns in thoughts and coping strategies, understanding where these patterns stem from and what maintains them, and exploring more sustainable, affirming approaches. Often times this means examining attachments and ruptures in early development to consider how they continue to present in day-to-day life.
*Accepting new clients* My work aims to help individuals develop a deeper connection with themselves and how they relate to the world around them. Together, we will cultivate a greater sense of self-awareness to drive positive change in your life. I tend to focus on identifying maladaptive patterns in thoughts and coping strategies, understanding where these patterns stem from and what maintains them, and exploring more sustainable, affirming approaches. Often times this means examining attachments and ruptures in early development to consider how they continue to present in day-to-day life.
(617) 440-7637 View (617) 440-7637
Photo of Jack Holland in Somerville, MA
Jack Holland
Jack Holland, MEd, LCPC-C
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02145  (Online Only)
I have 12+ years of clinical experience working with diverse populations across various treatment settings including community mental health centers, inpatient and outpatient programs, and residential care. Across all these contexts, I've helped clients navigate challenges like life changes, relationships, depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, career changes, creative growth, substance use, anger management, emotion regulation, identity, and more.
I have 12+ years of clinical experience working with diverse populations across various treatment settings including community mental health centers, inpatient and outpatient programs, and residential care. Across all these contexts, I've helped clients navigate challenges like life changes, relationships, depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, career changes, creative growth, substance use, anger management, emotion regulation, identity, and more.
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Photo of Jane Axelrod, Counselor in Somerville, MA
Jane Axelrod
Counselor, EdD, LMHC, BCC
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02144
In his "Sermon on Courage" a great historical figure once said, "Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter" (King, 1963). Deciding to seek out therapy may be one of the most difficult choices a person makes in a lifetime. It is an act of courage, and those individuals seeking help with their lives when they feel most vulnerable deserve respect and admiration. My goal is to provide you with warmth, attunement, empathy, and years of professional experience as we talk about the things in your life that really matter. Together we work and collaborate in a deeply genuine, person-to-person connection.
In his "Sermon on Courage" a great historical figure once said, "Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter" (King, 1963). Deciding to seek out therapy may be one of the most difficult choices a person makes in a lifetime. It is an act of courage, and those individuals seeking help with their lives when they feel most vulnerable deserve respect and admiration. My goal is to provide you with warmth, attunement, empathy, and years of professional experience as we talk about the things in your life that really matter. Together we work and collaborate in a deeply genuine, person-to-person connection.
(978) 767-9048 View (978) 767-9048
Photo of Brian Delaney, Psychologist in Somerville, MA
Brian Delaney
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02144
I am a psychologist with over 20 years experience providing psychotherapy, teaching and consultation both in private practice and at local Harvard Medical School affiliated institutions. Many of my clients come to therapy at a time when they are facing a significant life circumstance or transition. Some are experiencing uncomfortable symptoms of depression or anxiety they would like to address. Some have also noticed patterns in their life or relationships that they would like to understand more fully.
I am a psychologist with over 20 years experience providing psychotherapy, teaching and consultation both in private practice and at local Harvard Medical School affiliated institutions. Many of my clients come to therapy at a time when they are facing a significant life circumstance or transition. Some are experiencing uncomfortable symptoms of depression or anxiety they would like to address. Some have also noticed patterns in their life or relationships that they would like to understand more fully.
(617) 855-1457 View (617) 855-1457
Photo of Paige Keefe, MA, Therapist in Somerville, MA
Paige Keefe, MA, Therapist
MA
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02145
As a mental health counselor, I provide therapy that embraces the holistic philosophy of mind, body, and spirit interconnectedness. My practice specializes in holistic approaches, blending elements of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Motivational Interviewing to support individuals, couples, and families facing anxiety, depression, and relationship challenges. Together, we navigate life's complexities in a safe, non-judgmental space, fostering trust and growth.
As a mental health counselor, I provide therapy that embraces the holistic philosophy of mind, body, and spirit interconnectedness. My practice specializes in holistic approaches, blending elements of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Motivational Interviewing to support individuals, couples, and families facing anxiety, depression, and relationship challenges. Together, we navigate life's complexities in a safe, non-judgmental space, fostering trust and growth.
(339) 500-7861 View (339) 500-7861
Photo of Christie Jacobson, Mental Health Counselor in Somerville, MA
Christie Jacobson
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02144
Not accepting new clients
***I am unable to accept new patients at this time*** Something is wrong and you've been trying to fix it. Relationships are rocky. How can you get your needs met when it seems like everyone else's needs come first? You're misunderstood and confused about your role. What are the rules here? What is "normal"? It has been a long time since you felt a sense of order and stability in your relationship. You crave a sense of belonging. And peace.
***I am unable to accept new patients at this time*** Something is wrong and you've been trying to fix it. Relationships are rocky. How can you get your needs met when it seems like everyone else's needs come first? You're misunderstood and confused about your role. What are the rules here? What is "normal"? It has been a long time since you felt a sense of order and stability in your relationship. You crave a sense of belonging. And peace.
(857) 995-9145 View (857) 995-9145
Photo of Daniel Bolton, Counselor in Somerville, MA
Daniel Bolton
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Somerville, MA 02143
I have been a psychotherapist for 20 years. My practice specializes in helping men redefine their approach to relationships in a way that feels authentic, and in line with healthy male emotional development. I specialize in self-esteem, self-actualization, and helping men build and maintain attraction and intimacy. The foundation for male self-esteem begins in childhood and sets the foundation for men to share themselves in relationships, feel successful, and being a meaningful part of their children's lives. I also specialize in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in men and women, as well as recovery from abusive relationships.
I have been a psychotherapist for 20 years. My practice specializes in helping men redefine their approach to relationships in a way that feels authentic, and in line with healthy male emotional development. I specialize in self-esteem, self-actualization, and helping men build and maintain attraction and intimacy. The foundation for male self-esteem begins in childhood and sets the foundation for men to share themselves in relationships, feel successful, and being a meaningful part of their children's lives. I also specialize in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in men and women, as well as recovery from abusive relationships.
(617) 446-3111 View (617) 446-3111
Photo of Kelly Christian, Counselor in Somerville, MA
Kelly Christian
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02145  (Online Only)
I am continually amazed by the authentic human-to-human interaction that therapy embodies. I do not believe that I know more than anyone else; rather I believe therapy is a joint effort. I will help guide the process, but together we will create a therapeutic process that fits your unique needs and strengths. It is an empowering feeling to be a part of your own path of changing.
I am continually amazed by the authentic human-to-human interaction that therapy embodies. I do not believe that I know more than anyone else; rather I believe therapy is a joint effort. I will help guide the process, but together we will create a therapeutic process that fits your unique needs and strengths. It is an empowering feeling to be a part of your own path of changing.
(617) 546-4869 View (617) 546-4869
Photo of Rachel Stouck, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Somerville, MA
Rachel Stouck
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02143  (Online Only)
I am a LICSW with experience working in a variety of treatment settings. I am passionate about helping adults (18+) improve their quality of life by learning how to achieve balance, navigate life stressors, and set boundaries. Majority of my work addresses symptoms related to anxiety, depression, burnout, body image, stress management, and self esteem. My therapeutic style is open, empathetic, and curious, with a dash of humor and attitude.
I am a LICSW with experience working in a variety of treatment settings. I am passionate about helping adults (18+) improve their quality of life by learning how to achieve balance, navigate life stressors, and set boundaries. Majority of my work addresses symptoms related to anxiety, depression, burnout, body image, stress management, and self esteem. My therapeutic style is open, empathetic, and curious, with a dash of humor and attitude.
(857) 575-3180 View (857) 575-3180
Photo of Stephanie Wiens, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Somerville, MA
Stephanie Wiens
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02144
*Currently accepting new clients (private pay only)* My clients are typically between the ages of 4-19yo and present with a wide variety of needs. My passion is working with children and adolescents, and my goal is to create a space where kids & teens can express themselves and work toward their goals with support. Children & adolescents have experienced a lot in the past year through the pandemic and may have a lot of feelings or needs stemming from stressors related to the last year. My clients often seek support around managing related needs.
*Currently accepting new clients (private pay only)* My clients are typically between the ages of 4-19yo and present with a wide variety of needs. My passion is working with children and adolescents, and my goal is to create a space where kids & teens can express themselves and work toward their goals with support. Children & adolescents have experienced a lot in the past year through the pandemic and may have a lot of feelings or needs stemming from stressors related to the last year. My clients often seek support around managing related needs.
(617) 410-5999 View (617) 410-5999
Photo of Ally Rosenberg, Counselor in Somerville, MA
Ally Rosenberg
Counselor, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Somerville, MA 02144  (Online Only)
Are you feeling stressed, worried, anxious or hyper-alert at work, with peers, at home, and/or in romantic relationships? Overwhelmed with painful feelings of inadequacy, self-doubt, inferiority, and your attempts to feel better are not enough? Are you looking for something to change? By joining therapy with me, you will see healthier relationships, relief from anxiety and overwhelm, and a renewal of your sense of self and confidence. You will also walk away with scientifically proven life changing coping skills.
Are you feeling stressed, worried, anxious or hyper-alert at work, with peers, at home, and/or in romantic relationships? Overwhelmed with painful feelings of inadequacy, self-doubt, inferiority, and your attempts to feel better are not enough? Are you looking for something to change? By joining therapy with me, you will see healthier relationships, relief from anxiety and overwhelm, and a renewal of your sense of self and confidence. You will also walk away with scientifically proven life changing coping skills.
(617) 231-9709 View (617) 231-9709
Photo of Sarah C. Deschenes, Counselor in Somerville, MA
Sarah C. Deschenes
Counselor, LMHC, LCPC, RYT-200
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02144
Being a human is both challenging and strange and having nonjudgmental professional support along the journey can be helpful. Whether you are seeking therapy out of a desire for healing, self-care, self-improvement, or self-discovery, together we will sort through where you're at in life and what you want going forward. Our work together will be tailored to you and your unique self. Using mind-body-spirit skills and techniques, my focus is to help you navigate your life and connect with your inner self while we process your challenges through a lens of curiosity, compassion and non-judgment.
Being a human is both challenging and strange and having nonjudgmental professional support along the journey can be helpful. Whether you are seeking therapy out of a desire for healing, self-care, self-improvement, or self-discovery, together we will sort through where you're at in life and what you want going forward. Our work together will be tailored to you and your unique self. Using mind-body-spirit skills and techniques, my focus is to help you navigate your life and connect with your inner self while we process your challenges through a lens of curiosity, compassion and non-judgment.
(339) 345-3277 View (339) 345-3277
Photo of Dr. Kaila Mack, Psychologist in Somerville, MA
Dr. Kaila Mack
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02145  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Dr. Kaila Mack is a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in cognitive-behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders, OCD, OC related disorders (e.g., hair pulling disorder, skin picking disorder), depression, and co-occurring conditions for children and adults who are MA residents. Dr. Mack's treatment approach is guided by scientific research and more than 15 years of clinical experience. In her practice, Dr. Mack helps patients to change unhelpful patterns of thinking and behavior to feel more centered in the present, connected to their values, and able to live the life they want.
Dr. Kaila Mack is a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in cognitive-behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders, OCD, OC related disorders (e.g., hair pulling disorder, skin picking disorder), depression, and co-occurring conditions for children and adults who are MA residents. Dr. Mack's treatment approach is guided by scientific research and more than 15 years of clinical experience. In her practice, Dr. Mack helps patients to change unhelpful patterns of thinking and behavior to feel more centered in the present, connected to their values, and able to live the life they want.
(617) 958-6165 View (617) 958-6165
Photo of Erica Edwards, Counselor in Somerville, MA
Erica Edwards
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02144  (Online Only)
Welcome! I’m happy you’ve taken that first step and found your way here. I understand it’s not easy to seek out support. Therapy is unique to each person, but some themes I have noticed people are seeking out are an understanding of their emotions, an improved ability to cope and function and feeling more empowered about their individual situations. I also have an interest in and offer years of expertise supporting individuals around issues related to parenting, identity development, LBGTQIA+ identities and life transitions.
Welcome! I’m happy you’ve taken that first step and found your way here. I understand it’s not easy to seek out support. Therapy is unique to each person, but some themes I have noticed people are seeking out are an understanding of their emotions, an improved ability to cope and function and feeling more empowered about their individual situations. I also have an interest in and offer years of expertise supporting individuals around issues related to parenting, identity development, LBGTQIA+ identities and life transitions.
(617) 958-5075 View (617) 958-5075

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Somerville, MA

400+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Somerville, MA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
91% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% BlueCross and BlueShield
50% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
50% Optum

How Therapists in Somerville, MA see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Somerville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.