Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Snonita Marcus, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Snonita Marcus
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60614  (Online Only)
I believe that you are the expert in your story and understand that it can be difficult to ask for support, especially when you aren’t sure what to expect. Within you are the answers to many of the challenges you are trying to overcome. My role is to come along side you to help clear the obstacles that are preventing real growth and change. I am always honored to observe my clients through their journey and am truly passionate about supporting you in managing symptoms and gaining coping skills on the path to healing.
I believe that you are the expert in your story and understand that it can be difficult to ask for support, especially when you aren’t sure what to expect. Within you are the answers to many of the challenges you are trying to overcome. My role is to come along side you to help clear the obstacles that are preventing real growth and change. I am always honored to observe my clients through their journey and am truly passionate about supporting you in managing symptoms and gaining coping skills on the path to healing.
(847) 233-1755 View (847) 233-1755
Photo of Tricia Janosy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Tricia Janosy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60606  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm Tricia Janosy, a licensed clinical social worker in IL and CO. With almost 30 years of experience and utilizing a strengths-based approach, I work with individuals to identify their inner resources and resilience, helping them build upon their existing strengths to achieve positive change. In my practice, I integrate various therapeutic modalities, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, positive psychology and mindfulness techniques to promote healing and personal growth. My ultimate goal is to empower clients to lead fulfilling lives, foster resilience, and support their journey towards overall health and well-being.
Hi! I'm Tricia Janosy, a licensed clinical social worker in IL and CO. With almost 30 years of experience and utilizing a strengths-based approach, I work with individuals to identify their inner resources and resilience, helping them build upon their existing strengths to achieve positive change. In my practice, I integrate various therapeutic modalities, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, positive psychology and mindfulness techniques to promote healing and personal growth. My ultimate goal is to empower clients to lead fulfilling lives, foster resilience, and support their journey towards overall health and well-being.
(224) 206-0353 View (224) 206-0353
Photo of The Essence of Healing LLC, Counselor in Chicago, IL
The Essence of Healing LLC
Counselor, PhD, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60651  (Online Only)
Even the strongest people need a little bit of help to work through some of life’s more challenging problems. Everyone has hurdles to overcome, and we’d love to help you along the way. You might be initially hesitant to seek out help and support, but when you do, you will feel confident that you are taking a courageous first step towards getting to a better place and being a better you. Here at The Essence of Healing LLC, we realize that no two people are the same, and we tailor our therapy to meet your specific needs as an individual.
Even the strongest people need a little bit of help to work through some of life’s more challenging problems. Everyone has hurdles to overcome, and we’d love to help you along the way. You might be initially hesitant to seek out help and support, but when you do, you will feel confident that you are taking a courageous first step towards getting to a better place and being a better you. Here at The Essence of Healing LLC, we realize that no two people are the same, and we tailor our therapy to meet your specific needs as an individual.
(773) 232-5492 View (773) 232-5492
Photo of Sadie Salazar, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Sadie Salazar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601
Everything you need to heal is already inside you--let's work together to bring it to the surface. My practice is collaborative, holistic, and rooted in the acknowledgment that you are the expert of your own experience. My priority is ensuring that you feel heard and valued, while working towards bringing clarity and peace to your life and relationships. I prioritize culturally responsive and inclusive practice and am LGBTQIA+ affirming.
Everything you need to heal is already inside you--let's work together to bring it to the surface. My practice is collaborative, holistic, and rooted in the acknowledgment that you are the expert of your own experience. My priority is ensuring that you feel heard and valued, while working towards bringing clarity and peace to your life and relationships. I prioritize culturally responsive and inclusive practice and am LGBTQIA+ affirming.
(312) 634-6669 View (312) 634-6669
Photo of Courtney Morris in Chicago, IL
Courtney Morris
EdD, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602
You’re looking for a therapist who is approachable, attentive, and actively engaged—someone who can celebrate and see you, hang in the hard times, who can shift your perspective, facilitate new insights and provide concrete tools and strategies to help you better navigate life and relationships. No matter what we may be struggling with, we can all benefit from a safe and open space to process our unique issues. No problem is too small to share with someone who can help you explore ways to deal with it and to improve your overall quality of life.
You’re looking for a therapist who is approachable, attentive, and actively engaged—someone who can celebrate and see you, hang in the hard times, who can shift your perspective, facilitate new insights and provide concrete tools and strategies to help you better navigate life and relationships. No matter what we may be struggling with, we can all benefit from a safe and open space to process our unique issues. No problem is too small to share with someone who can help you explore ways to deal with it and to improve your overall quality of life.
(773) 985-3353 View (773) 985-3353
Photo of Illinois Online EMDR with The Chicago EMDR Center, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Illinois Online EMDR with The Chicago EMDR Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60642
Looking for premier EMDR Therapy? Most of our clients have done "talk therapy" before and are ready to take therapy to the next level and go deeper for lasting change from within. Let's transform doubt, fear, and limits... We'll reveal growth and joy! Together, we'll break through limiting beliefs, trauma, and discover what is possible. We’ll transform “bad” experiences into post-traumatic growth with EMDR. EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a highly effective and specialized therapy. Give yourself the gift of experiencing EMDR with a certified therapist. Let's reveal joy and help you live your best life!
Looking for premier EMDR Therapy? Most of our clients have done "talk therapy" before and are ready to take therapy to the next level and go deeper for lasting change from within. Let's transform doubt, fear, and limits... We'll reveal growth and joy! Together, we'll break through limiting beliefs, trauma, and discover what is possible. We’ll transform “bad” experiences into post-traumatic growth with EMDR. EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a highly effective and specialized therapy. Give yourself the gift of experiencing EMDR with a certified therapist. Let's reveal joy and help you live your best life!
(708) 578-2860 View (708) 578-2860
Photo of Jewel Spencer in Chicago, IL
Jewel Spencer
LMFT
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
My ideal client is you. I enjoy supporting clients as they work to overcome a variety of presenting issues, steering away from pathology, and meeting them where they are in their process for change. My approach is person-centered, collaborative, and goal-oriented. My clinical interests include communication issues with couples and families, infidelity, substance use, and adults in transition. I am passionate about working with women of color, Black women in particular. My practice is sex-positive, LGTBQ+ and kink-affirming.
My ideal client is you. I enjoy supporting clients as they work to overcome a variety of presenting issues, steering away from pathology, and meeting them where they are in their process for change. My approach is person-centered, collaborative, and goal-oriented. My clinical interests include communication issues with couples and families, infidelity, substance use, and adults in transition. I am passionate about working with women of color, Black women in particular. My practice is sex-positive, LGTBQ+ and kink-affirming.
(773) 923-2060 View (773) 923-2060
Photo of Melissa Koontz, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Melissa Koontz
Counselor, LCPC, RYT
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601
Life can be overwhelming, unpredictable, and painful. Our lived experiences can influence the paths we take, but they don't have to define us. I work with clients who are looking to take a deeper look at emotional and behavioral patterns, better understand their personal needs, and heal from past wounds to create their meaningful life. My clients may struggle with issues including eating disorders, anxiety, depression, OCD, negative body image, or trauma/PTSD, as well as issues such as life transition, stress management, or relationship issues.
Life can be overwhelming, unpredictable, and painful. Our lived experiences can influence the paths we take, but they don't have to define us. I work with clients who are looking to take a deeper look at emotional and behavioral patterns, better understand their personal needs, and heal from past wounds to create their meaningful life. My clients may struggle with issues including eating disorders, anxiety, depression, OCD, negative body image, or trauma/PTSD, as well as issues such as life transition, stress management, or relationship issues.
(312) 584-9488 View (312) 584-9488
Photo of Ashlyn Zinck, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Ashlyn Zinck
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, EdS, MS, LCPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640  (Online Only)
Struggling with anxiety that feels unmanageable? Whether it's impacting your relationships, work, or overall well-being, I specialize in empowering you to navigate life with confidence and discover self-acceptance. I also support those navigating the complexities of religious trauma or deconstructing beliefs. If you're on a journey to discover your authentic self, rewrite values, or heal from past harms, let's embark on this transformative process together and reclaim peace and authenticity.
Struggling with anxiety that feels unmanageable? Whether it's impacting your relationships, work, or overall well-being, I specialize in empowering you to navigate life with confidence and discover self-acceptance. I also support those navigating the complexities of religious trauma or deconstructing beliefs. If you're on a journey to discover your authentic self, rewrite values, or heal from past harms, let's embark on this transformative process together and reclaim peace and authenticity.
(773) 232-6694 View (773) 232-6694
Photo of Denise Bradley, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Denise Bradley
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60604  (Online Only)
Hello there! My name is Denise, and I am a clinical psychotherapist licensed in 4 states. My values include providing trustworthy support, integrity, fairness, innovation, unconditional positive regard, and creativity. I have practiced for 7+ years working with adults with various neurodivergence and abilities to meet their individual goals. Additionally, 10 years’ experience with Dual Diagnosed adults with social, vocational and communicable difficulties. I use an Eclectic, Existential approach to counseling drawing from the top theories and allowing for a very personal experience.
Hello there! My name is Denise, and I am a clinical psychotherapist licensed in 4 states. My values include providing trustworthy support, integrity, fairness, innovation, unconditional positive regard, and creativity. I have practiced for 7+ years working with adults with various neurodivergence and abilities to meet their individual goals. Additionally, 10 years’ experience with Dual Diagnosed adults with social, vocational and communicable difficulties. I use an Eclectic, Existential approach to counseling drawing from the top theories and allowing for a very personal experience.
(708) 847-6038 View (708) 847-6038
Photo of Freddie Lipmann, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Freddie Lipmann
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60603
I believe that therapy can help people to make profound and lasting changes in their lives. Whether you are going through a big transition, wrestling with difficult emotions, or just feeling stuck, therapy can be a space for you to talk through what is happening and to build toward a happier and more fulfilling way of living.
I believe that therapy can help people to make profound and lasting changes in their lives. Whether you are going through a big transition, wrestling with difficult emotions, or just feeling stuck, therapy can be a space for you to talk through what is happening and to build toward a happier and more fulfilling way of living.
(773) 780-2778 View (773) 780-2778
Photo of Jonathan Speigel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Jonathan Speigel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602
Not accepting new clients
I work with people who are experiencing feelings of anxiety, depression, sadness and anger. They are in unfulfilling relationships or Have difficulty making relationships. The situations they find themselves in can be of short or long duration. Whether from external sources or more internally driven, helping them express their feelings and connecting them to their source allows individuals to bring more objectivity to their perspective. From this vantage point comes the ability to create new approaches to viewing themselves and situations. When helpful I give very concrete practical advice. From this comes change.
I work with people who are experiencing feelings of anxiety, depression, sadness and anger. They are in unfulfilling relationships or Have difficulty making relationships. The situations they find themselves in can be of short or long duration. Whether from external sources or more internally driven, helping them express their feelings and connecting them to their source allows individuals to bring more objectivity to their perspective. From this vantage point comes the ability to create new approaches to viewing themselves and situations. When helpful I give very concrete practical advice. From this comes change.
(312) 374-6231 View (312) 374-6231
Photo of Amy Tierney, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chicago, IL
Amy Tierney
Marriage & Family Therapist, MEd, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60625  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I work with individuals, couples and families to express their challenges and understand themselves and their relationships in a healthier context. I also offer support during life transitions and crisis so clients are empowered and experience resilience. My approach is humanistic and interpersonal in which we work in the relationship and our relationship helps you gain insight and awareness into your self and patterns. I am supportive and gentle, yet can be challenging and directive when appropriate. I am experienced in conflict resolution in couples and families.
I work with individuals, couples and families to express their challenges and understand themselves and their relationships in a healthier context. I also offer support during life transitions and crisis so clients are empowered and experience resilience. My approach is humanistic and interpersonal in which we work in the relationship and our relationship helps you gain insight and awareness into your self and patterns. I am supportive and gentle, yet can be challenging and directive when appropriate. I am experienced in conflict resolution in couples and families.
(773) 692-4296 View (773) 692-4296
Photo of Emily Schulz, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Chicago, IL
Emily Schulz
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602
Feeling and processing our emotions has an incredible influence on our health, well-being, and relationships. We will work together to learn how your emotional experiences impact you holistically. Therapy should be a space where you feel safe and supported to explore your sexual identity, gender, pleasure-oriented sex, relationship dynamics, and radical self-love. Relationships are intertwined in every dimension of our lives, they can cultivate love and euphoria or create emotional wounds. You deserve to feel emotionally at peace and secure in your relationship with yourself and others.
Feeling and processing our emotions has an incredible influence on our health, well-being, and relationships. We will work together to learn how your emotional experiences impact you holistically. Therapy should be a space where you feel safe and supported to explore your sexual identity, gender, pleasure-oriented sex, relationship dynamics, and radical self-love. Relationships are intertwined in every dimension of our lives, they can cultivate love and euphoria or create emotional wounds. You deserve to feel emotionally at peace and secure in your relationship with yourself and others.
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Photo of Mallory Cybulski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Mallory Cybulski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60622  (Online Only)
From my perspective, therapy is the ultimate representation of "working smart, not hard." There is no question that life can be incredibly difficult, and we have all learned ways to adapt and bear our unique burdens. A therapist can be instrumental in making the weight you carry just the slightest bit lighter. Through the development of targeted coping skills and candid conversation, I aim to assist each of my clients in "doing life" just a little bit better.
From my perspective, therapy is the ultimate representation of "working smart, not hard." There is no question that life can be incredibly difficult, and we have all learned ways to adapt and bear our unique burdens. A therapist can be instrumental in making the weight you carry just the slightest bit lighter. Through the development of targeted coping skills and candid conversation, I aim to assist each of my clients in "doing life" just a little bit better.
(773) 863-3230 View (773) 863-3230
Photo of Eric Lindquist, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Eric Lindquist
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, CADC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60643
Even without a crisis, one can still be troubled: "I know what to do to make my life better. But it's hard for me to move on things. . . I always felt that I loved everyone I live with. But now I'm not so sure. . . I am trying to stay in my job until I get Social Security. But I don't know if I can bear eight more years of misery." Thoughts like the above are common. Sometimes, we can confine them to a few moments. Beyond that, they can drain us. Unfortunately, there are risks in confiding these thoughts to those we care about. The risks in disclosing them to a therapist are less. Afterall, they will not benefit from your choices.
Even without a crisis, one can still be troubled: "I know what to do to make my life better. But it's hard for me to move on things. . . I always felt that I loved everyone I live with. But now I'm not so sure. . . I am trying to stay in my job until I get Social Security. But I don't know if I can bear eight more years of misery." Thoughts like the above are common. Sometimes, we can confine them to a few moments. Beyond that, they can drain us. Unfortunately, there are risks in confiding these thoughts to those we care about. The risks in disclosing them to a therapist are less. Afterall, they will not benefit from your choices.
(773) 345-9337 View (773) 345-9337
Photo of Michael Lloyd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Michael Lloyd
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW, CADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613  (Online Only)
I have worked in many different contexts of practice, from inpatient psychiatric care to outpatient substance use with many diverse communities including the LGBTQIA community, youth and families, racial/ethnic minorities, and persons entering and leaving the federal prison system. I utilize an eclectic style including motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy in order to provide a safe and supportive place for clients to create change. I believe that it is important to assess each client's needs and provide either direct support or space for an individual to work on their own for short or long term care.
I have worked in many different contexts of practice, from inpatient psychiatric care to outpatient substance use with many diverse communities including the LGBTQIA community, youth and families, racial/ethnic minorities, and persons entering and leaving the federal prison system. I utilize an eclectic style including motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy in order to provide a safe and supportive place for clients to create change. I believe that it is important to assess each client's needs and provide either direct support or space for an individual to work on their own for short or long term care.
(847) 416-0716 View (847) 416-0716
Photo of Madison Max, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Madison Max
Counselor, LCPC, RYT
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60618
I am a staff therapist and yoga teacher with experience working in a variety of levels of mental health treatment including outpatient, inpatient hospitalization, residential treatment, and partial hospitalization. I strive to guide, support, and empower my clients to recognize their own, unique strengths and resilience.
I am a staff therapist and yoga teacher with experience working in a variety of levels of mental health treatment including outpatient, inpatient hospitalization, residential treatment, and partial hospitalization. I strive to guide, support, and empower my clients to recognize their own, unique strengths and resilience.
(773) 900-7920 View (773) 900-7920
Photo of Carolyn A Braverman, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Carolyn A Braverman
Counselor, MA, LCPC, DTR
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60603
With over 20 years of experience in the field of mental health, Carolyn has come to trust that the therapeutic bond is crucial to a feeling of safety for the client. Because therapy is an intimate experience, she tailors treatment plans as a co-created process, ensuring that the client’s needs are prioritized. Carolyn integrates techniques to tailor solutions that are not only practical but create lasting change. As a psychotherapist, Carolyn works with individuals, couples, and families.
With over 20 years of experience in the field of mental health, Carolyn has come to trust that the therapeutic bond is crucial to a feeling of safety for the client. Because therapy is an intimate experience, she tailors treatment plans as a co-created process, ensuring that the client’s needs are prioritized. Carolyn integrates techniques to tailor solutions that are not only practical but create lasting change. As a psychotherapist, Carolyn works with individuals, couples, and families.
(773) 537-4118 View (773) 537-4118
Photo of Leah Goodman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Leah Goodman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, OTR/L, OTD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
Therapy can be an opportunity to explore patterns in your life and relationships without judgment. As a therapist, I show up with warmth, humor and affirmation and work collaboratively with you toward self-reflection, self-compassion, and growth. My goal in individual and relationship therapy is to support you to learn more about yourself in the world— what’s shaped you, how you connect to others, and what stands in the way of where you’d like to be. I want you to feel safe to explore what brings you to therapy, and to feel held as you develop new insights and tools to navigate life’s challenges.
Therapy can be an opportunity to explore patterns in your life and relationships without judgment. As a therapist, I show up with warmth, humor and affirmation and work collaboratively with you toward self-reflection, self-compassion, and growth. My goal in individual and relationship therapy is to support you to learn more about yourself in the world— what’s shaped you, how you connect to others, and what stands in the way of where you’d like to be. I want you to feel safe to explore what brings you to therapy, and to feel held as you develop new insights and tools to navigate life’s challenges.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.