Therapists in Boulder, CO

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Photo of Jamie Law, Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate in Boulder, CO
Jamie Law
Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80302
I work with adult and teen individuals from a humanistic, somatic, mindfulness based perspective. It is my belief that the therapeutic relationship itself is a guiding force in the healing process and an essential component for clients to more deeply access themselves. In our time together, we will increase awareness around your relationship to self, relationship patterns with others, how you work to notice and process feelings, how you relate to past wounds and trauma and how you regulate through stressful times. Together we will increase your capacity to compassionately trust and come back to yourself over and over again.
I work with adult and teen individuals from a humanistic, somatic, mindfulness based perspective. It is my belief that the therapeutic relationship itself is a guiding force in the healing process and an essential component for clients to more deeply access themselves. In our time together, we will increase awareness around your relationship to self, relationship patterns with others, how you work to notice and process feelings, how you relate to past wounds and trauma and how you regulate through stressful times. Together we will increase your capacity to compassionately trust and come back to yourself over and over again.
(720) 806-4189 View (720) 806-4189
Photo of Tess Stoops, Marriage & Family Therapist in Boulder, CO
Tess Stoops
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80302
Not accepting new clients
Are you wanting to be able to relax easily, feel present and enjoy what you are doing? Do you want to be able to quiet your mind, stop over analyzing and connect with those around you? Do you want to be able to feel more at peace and sleep soundly without the need for extra aids to do so? These things above can feel difficult for many people, whether you are 15 or 55, successful or struggling, well off or barely scraping by (and many factors in these categories can absolutely make it more difficult) and it can exhausting.
Are you wanting to be able to relax easily, feel present and enjoy what you are doing? Do you want to be able to quiet your mind, stop over analyzing and connect with those around you? Do you want to be able to feel more at peace and sleep soundly without the need for extra aids to do so? These things above can feel difficult for many people, whether you are 15 or 55, successful or struggling, well off or barely scraping by (and many factors in these categories can absolutely make it more difficult) and it can exhausting.
(303) 834-7396 View (303) 834-7396
Photo of Piper Murray, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Piper Murray
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80302
I believe that much of our suffering begins with a lost connection. When we're depressed, we've lost touch with our own vitality, even our own reasons for living. When we're grieving, we've lost an essential part of our world--and, with it, a part of ourselves. When we're operating from a place of shame or fear, we've lost the internal sense of security and belonging that reminds us we're okay. I believe that psychotherapy works by restoring these vital connections--to ourselves, and to the people and pursuits that give our lives meaning--so that we can live our lives more authentically, creatively, and fully.
I believe that much of our suffering begins with a lost connection. When we're depressed, we've lost touch with our own vitality, even our own reasons for living. When we're grieving, we've lost an essential part of our world--and, with it, a part of ourselves. When we're operating from a place of shame or fear, we've lost the internal sense of security and belonging that reminds us we're okay. I believe that psychotherapy works by restoring these vital connections--to ourselves, and to the people and pursuits that give our lives meaning--so that we can live our lives more authentically, creatively, and fully.
(720) 924-4606 View (720) 924-4606
Photo of Mary Ellen Williams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boulder, CO
Mary Ellen Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80303
My approach integrates DBT, CBT, Gottman Method, Attachment Theory, body-based therapies, humor, and creativity to support clients in understanding unhelpful patterns; setting healthy boundaries and communicate needs to the people they love. My hope is to help clients create agency and purpose in their lives through providing the space necessary for individuals and couples to address a wide range of challenges that arise within significant relationships and impact our overall well-being.
My approach integrates DBT, CBT, Gottman Method, Attachment Theory, body-based therapies, humor, and creativity to support clients in understanding unhelpful patterns; setting healthy boundaries and communicate needs to the people they love. My hope is to help clients create agency and purpose in their lives through providing the space necessary for individuals and couples to address a wide range of challenges that arise within significant relationships and impact our overall well-being.
(720) 821-1609 View (720) 821-1609
Photo of Dr. Michal (Miki) Fire, Psychologist in Boulder, CO
Dr. Michal (Miki) Fire
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80304
Not accepting new clients
Inner exploration is one of the most extraordinary journeys one can undertake; a journey that requires enormous courage and curiosity to explore the unknown. It is with sensitivity and kindness that I join you in this work. The desire to seek therapy is often catalyzed by suffering or discord in our lives; a sense that something is out of alignment. As a result we feel anxiety, depression, grief, challenges in relationships, even crisis. Among other issues, I work with individual adults, couples and adolescents exploring issues related to life transitions, trauma, grief (death, dying, bereavement), relationships, and spiritual emergence/y.
Inner exploration is one of the most extraordinary journeys one can undertake; a journey that requires enormous courage and curiosity to explore the unknown. It is with sensitivity and kindness that I join you in this work. The desire to seek therapy is often catalyzed by suffering or discord in our lives; a sense that something is out of alignment. As a result we feel anxiety, depression, grief, challenges in relationships, even crisis. Among other issues, I work with individual adults, couples and adolescents exploring issues related to life transitions, trauma, grief (death, dying, bereavement), relationships, and spiritual emergence/y.
(720) 807-4640 View (720) 807-4640
Photo of Ellie Kraus, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boulder, CO
Ellie Kraus
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80304
Our experiences impact who we are, the positive ones stay with us, but the negative ones stay with us as well. The relationships we have had throughout our lives are also deeply influential in shaping who we are and how we feel and behave in our current environment. Therapy gives us a deeper understanding of who we are and how our relationships and experiences have impacted us. Through a deeper awareness we have more control over how we'd like to show up in our lives. I specialize in Eating Disorders, Trauma, PTSD, ASD, anxiety and depression.
Our experiences impact who we are, the positive ones stay with us, but the negative ones stay with us as well. The relationships we have had throughout our lives are also deeply influential in shaping who we are and how we feel and behave in our current environment. Therapy gives us a deeper understanding of who we are and how our relationships and experiences have impacted us. Through a deeper awareness we have more control over how we'd like to show up in our lives. I specialize in Eating Disorders, Trauma, PTSD, ASD, anxiety and depression.
(720) 897-5833 View (720) 897-5833
Photo of A. J. Durben, Counselor in Boulder, CO
A. J. Durben
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80303  (Online Only)
As both a therapist and a fellow traveler of life, I know the complexity and challenges of being a human in this world. I believe our identities are our most precious assets, despite what society has conditioned us to believe. Because of my own queer identity, I am particularly delighted to support folks who identify as queer/LGBTQ+. My work is centered around helping clients reconnect with their inherent worth, heal the impact of the past, and learn to regulate. I will help you explore the life experiences and narratives that challenge you showing up exactly as you are, and guide you towards the healing and wellness you deserve.
As both a therapist and a fellow traveler of life, I know the complexity and challenges of being a human in this world. I believe our identities are our most precious assets, despite what society has conditioned us to believe. Because of my own queer identity, I am particularly delighted to support folks who identify as queer/LGBTQ+. My work is centered around helping clients reconnect with their inherent worth, heal the impact of the past, and learn to regulate. I will help you explore the life experiences and narratives that challenge you showing up exactly as you are, and guide you towards the healing and wellness you deserve.
(720) 730-6798 View (720) 730-6798
Photo of Shane Wachlin | North Boulder Counseling, Marriage and Family Therapist Candidate in Boulder, CO
Shane Wachlin | North Boulder Counseling
Marriage and Family Therapist Candidate, MFT-C
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80301
If you're seeking support for yourself or as a couple, feeling disconnected from your partner, burdened by the grip of anxiety and depression, or grappling with the unique challenges that we all face in this day and age. Your struggle is real, but so is your resilience and I would like to offer my support in helping you find a path forward.
If you're seeking support for yourself or as a couple, feeling disconnected from your partner, burdened by the grip of anxiety and depression, or grappling with the unique challenges that we all face in this day and age. Your struggle is real, but so is your resilience and I would like to offer my support in helping you find a path forward.
(720) 790-6531 View (720) 790-6531
Photo of Meagan Whitney, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Meagan Whitney
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80302
Deciding to begin counseling can be intimidating! Maybe you've been thinking about going to therapy for a long time, or maybe something happened to you that you need space to process, with some guidance. I enjoy working with clients who are experiencing difficult life transitions, mood and anxiety disorders, and those who aren't quite sure what category they would fall into. Regardless, our job together once you walk into the room is to figure out how I can best help. It's okay if you don't know what that looks like, yet. That's part of my job!
Deciding to begin counseling can be intimidating! Maybe you've been thinking about going to therapy for a long time, or maybe something happened to you that you need space to process, with some guidance. I enjoy working with clients who are experiencing difficult life transitions, mood and anxiety disorders, and those who aren't quite sure what category they would fall into. Regardless, our job together once you walk into the room is to figure out how I can best help. It's okay if you don't know what that looks like, yet. That's part of my job!
(720) 897-0519 View (720) 897-0519
Photo of Ryan Lappi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boulder, CO
Ryan Lappi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80303
In an increasingly fractured world, it's easy to lose connection with the self and the world around us. The conflicting responsibilities of the home and the workplace often leave men struggling with intimacy, purpose, connection, emotional growth, or a balanced relationship with masculinity. As a therapist at one of the nation's leading intensive treatment centers for intimacy disorders, I have helped hundreds of men from across the country struggling with trauma, addiction, anger, unhealthy sexual behaviors, self-worth, relationship crisis, long-term recovery and sexual reintegration. I know that long-term healing is possible.
In an increasingly fractured world, it's easy to lose connection with the self and the world around us. The conflicting responsibilities of the home and the workplace often leave men struggling with intimacy, purpose, connection, emotional growth, or a balanced relationship with masculinity. As a therapist at one of the nation's leading intensive treatment centers for intimacy disorders, I have helped hundreds of men from across the country struggling with trauma, addiction, anger, unhealthy sexual behaviors, self-worth, relationship crisis, long-term recovery and sexual reintegration. I know that long-term healing is possible.
(720) 807-5801 View (720) 807-5801
Photo of Tranquil Mind Counseling and Wellness Center, Psychologist in Boulder, CO
Tranquil Mind Counseling and Wellness Center
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80302  (Online Only)
Are you navigating through anxiety, seeking clarity amidst life's transitions, or striving for deeper personal connections? What drives your quest for growth, and how do you envision your path to well-being? Our journey together focuses on understanding your unique challenges, embracing change, and cultivating resilience. Why choose us? Because we believe in a partnership that empowers you with empathy, insight, and tailored strategies. Together, let's explore your aspirations, tackle your obstacles, and unlock a fulfilling, authentic life. Are you ready to transform your struggles into strengths?
Are you navigating through anxiety, seeking clarity amidst life's transitions, or striving for deeper personal connections? What drives your quest for growth, and how do you envision your path to well-being? Our journey together focuses on understanding your unique challenges, embracing change, and cultivating resilience. Why choose us? Because we believe in a partnership that empowers you with empathy, insight, and tailored strategies. Together, let's explore your aspirations, tackle your obstacles, and unlock a fulfilling, authentic life. Are you ready to transform your struggles into strengths?
(720) 637-5782 View (720) 637-5782
Photo of Become Boulder in Boulder, CO
Become Boulder
SPED, SELF, CYT
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80304
I provide services to those looking to find support with emotional regulation, executive functioning, self-care strategies, mental shifts and transitions, self love, self inquiry, communication skills, social skills, motivation, and confidence.
I provide services to those looking to find support with emotional regulation, executive functioning, self-care strategies, mental shifts and transitions, self love, self inquiry, communication skills, social skills, motivation, and confidence.
(720) 637-3431 View (720) 637-3431
Photo of Erin A Flynn, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Erin A Flynn
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80302
I work from body-based, humanistic, and positive-value approach. I cultivate deep empathy for and with my clients in their present state. I add in breathing and awareness tools to support allowing for whatever arises in the present moment to be tolerable. Together, we elicit the idea or desire for change and work together to move toward what change you would like to see in your life.
I work from body-based, humanistic, and positive-value approach. I cultivate deep empathy for and with my clients in their present state. I add in breathing and awareness tools to support allowing for whatever arises in the present moment to be tolerable. Together, we elicit the idea or desire for change and work together to move toward what change you would like to see in your life.
(720) 897-3340 View (720) 897-3340
Photo of Marley Hill-Filben, Counselor in Boulder, CO
Marley Hill-Filben
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80304  (Online Only)
I find that therapy is most impactful when it is collaborative and I base my therapeutic approach on my client’s unique life experiences and individual strengths. If you have been feeling stuck, scared, or just curious, I can help you learn more about yourself, your attachment patterns, and your goals. Emotional growth and healing is a lifelong journey and together we can navigate the low points and celebrate your progress along the way. You deserve to be treated with compassion, warmth, and kindness by those around you, but most importantly by yourself.
I find that therapy is most impactful when it is collaborative and I base my therapeutic approach on my client’s unique life experiences and individual strengths. If you have been feeling stuck, scared, or just curious, I can help you learn more about yourself, your attachment patterns, and your goals. Emotional growth and healing is a lifelong journey and together we can navigate the low points and celebrate your progress along the way. You deserve to be treated with compassion, warmth, and kindness by those around you, but most importantly by yourself.
(720) 730-5206 View (720) 730-5206
Photo of Shannon Huntsberry, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Shannon Huntsberry
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80305  (Online Only)
I provide therapy and coaching for neurologically diverse adults and teens who may at times feel challenged, confused or exhausted by the social world. I enjoy helping clients to interpret the 'invisible' rules of social relationships, and to problem-solve practical challenges they may face at home, work, or school. I use EMDR therapy frequently for improving self-regulation, and for processing trauma or other past experiences that may be interfering with clients' daily life. I also provide consultation to parents and caregivers of individuals who are working on social cognition issues.
I provide therapy and coaching for neurologically diverse adults and teens who may at times feel challenged, confused or exhausted by the social world. I enjoy helping clients to interpret the 'invisible' rules of social relationships, and to problem-solve practical challenges they may face at home, work, or school. I use EMDR therapy frequently for improving self-regulation, and for processing trauma or other past experiences that may be interfering with clients' daily life. I also provide consultation to parents and caregivers of individuals who are working on social cognition issues.
(720) 709-1870 View (720) 709-1870
Photo of Sarah Gunther, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Sarah Gunther
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80301  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My ideal client values trust and collaboration in therapy. They seek holistic healing for diverse challenges—mental, emotional, and physical. Their needs include respect, understanding, and autonomy in navigating therapy. They desire a therapist who honors their expertise in their own life journey. This client seeks a consent-based relationship, valuing choices at every step. They long for a safe space where thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and identity interlace. Their goal? To explore all facets of self and environment, guided by the therapeutic bond, fostering profound self-discovery and growth.
My ideal client values trust and collaboration in therapy. They seek holistic healing for diverse challenges—mental, emotional, and physical. Their needs include respect, understanding, and autonomy in navigating therapy. They desire a therapist who honors their expertise in their own life journey. This client seeks a consent-based relationship, valuing choices at every step. They long for a safe space where thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and identity interlace. Their goal? To explore all facets of self and environment, guided by the therapeutic bond, fostering profound self-discovery and growth.
(720) 613-9829 View (720) 613-9829
Photo of Anna Constancia, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Anna Constancia
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80303
Anna will welcome you into a welcoming environment where you'll feel safe expressing your concerns. She is a genuine, understanding, knowledgeable, and accepting therapist. You can develop a therapeutic relationship with her that fosters growth, positive change, and life skills to give you the confidence and ability to live the best quality of life possible for yourself. Anna's experience with clients across the life span (age 2+) has offered a meaningful opportunity to witness how our experiences create the foundations from which we form our self-image, relationships, beliefs, and outlook on life.
Anna will welcome you into a welcoming environment where you'll feel safe expressing your concerns. She is a genuine, understanding, knowledgeable, and accepting therapist. You can develop a therapeutic relationship with her that fosters growth, positive change, and life skills to give you the confidence and ability to live the best quality of life possible for yourself. Anna's experience with clients across the life span (age 2+) has offered a meaningful opportunity to witness how our experiences create the foundations from which we form our self-image, relationships, beliefs, and outlook on life.
(720) 712-2283 View (720) 712-2283
Photo of Elise Alvarez, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Elise Alvarez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, R-DMT
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80302  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are you a women and/or a queer person looking to become more connected with yourself and your emotional expression? Perhaps you are struggling with body image issues, relational conflicts or trauma. As a therapist, I like to approach clients with non-judgment and vulnerability, and provide a space for them to fully and authentically express their emotions.
Are you a women and/or a queer person looking to become more connected with yourself and your emotional expression? Perhaps you are struggling with body image issues, relational conflicts or trauma. As a therapist, I like to approach clients with non-judgment and vulnerability, and provide a space for them to fully and authentically express their emotions.
(720) 664-5140 View (720) 664-5140
Photo of Nikolas H Maslow, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Nikolas H Maslow
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80303  (Online Only)
The process of self-recovery and rebuilding starts with finding someone to hear you, someone who can help put your feelings into words so that you feel less alone, and someone to help you gain self-confidence. For over 21 years, I have helped people in various life transitions discover deep-rooted happiness in their lives.
The process of self-recovery and rebuilding starts with finding someone to hear you, someone who can help put your feelings into words so that you feel less alone, and someone to help you gain self-confidence. For over 21 years, I have helped people in various life transitions discover deep-rooted happiness in their lives.
(719) 356-4858 View (719) 356-4858
Photo of Teresa L Pavlisick, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Teresa L Pavlisick
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LAC
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80304
In addition to working with adults struggling with early childhood neglect and abuse, I have experience in working with individuals experiencing life transitions and loss, dual diagnosis, self-harming behaviors and first responder experiences. I am trained in Trauma Recovery and Empowerment group work for female survivors. For individual work, I use a combination of techniques from EMDR Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, Mindfulness Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and other therapies as needed to facilitate movement through the challenges that individuals face to move into a space of empowerment and personal freedom.
In addition to working with adults struggling with early childhood neglect and abuse, I have experience in working with individuals experiencing life transitions and loss, dual diagnosis, self-harming behaviors and first responder experiences. I am trained in Trauma Recovery and Empowerment group work for female survivors. For individual work, I use a combination of techniques from EMDR Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, Mindfulness Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and other therapies as needed to facilitate movement through the challenges that individuals face to move into a space of empowerment and personal freedom.
(970) 458-7042 View (970) 458-7042

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Boulder, CO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Boulder, CO who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
85% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
76% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress
70% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
59% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Boulder, CO see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
22% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Boulder?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.