Therapists in Columbia, SC

Photo of Howard Malpass, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
Howard Malpass
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29210  (Online Only)
Howard Malpass is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), Supervisor (LPC-S), and Master Addiction Counselor (MAC) who has over 30 years of experience in the mental health field. Howard's initial 5 years of counseling were as a substance abuse counselor in the U.S. Navy. After retiring from the military, he worked as a counselor and clinical supervisor in the substance use disorder and behavioral health fields. Howard has worked with adolescents in a children's home environment (using mainly experiential therapy), as well as with individuals, couples, and families, and many more.
Howard Malpass is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), Supervisor (LPC-S), and Master Addiction Counselor (MAC) who has over 30 years of experience in the mental health field. Howard's initial 5 years of counseling were as a substance abuse counselor in the U.S. Navy. After retiring from the military, he worked as a counselor and clinical supervisor in the substance use disorder and behavioral health fields. Howard has worked with adolescents in a children's home environment (using mainly experiential therapy), as well as with individuals, couples, and families, and many more.
(803) 974-8947 View (803) 974-8947
Photo of Christi Stewart, EdS, LPC, Counselor in Columbia, SC
Christi Stewart, EdS, LPC
Counselor, EdS, LPC
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29201
At Stewart Counseling Center, our approach is working with clients to mutually develop creative and effective strategies for dealing with the inevitable stress that occurs in our lives and to enhance their ability to experience more joy in life. The goal is to become increasingly skillful in making life-enhancing choices. With training in counseling and massage therapy, Ms. Stewart brings a unique and holistic approach to clients. The bringing together of Western and Eastern teachings is the focus of Ms. Stewart's work.
At Stewart Counseling Center, our approach is working with clients to mutually develop creative and effective strategies for dealing with the inevitable stress that occurs in our lives and to enhance their ability to experience more joy in life. The goal is to become increasingly skillful in making life-enhancing choices. With training in counseling and massage therapy, Ms. Stewart brings a unique and holistic approach to clients. The bringing together of Western and Eastern teachings is the focus of Ms. Stewart's work.
(803) 753-8923 View (803) 753-8923
Photo of Mark Stewart, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Columbia, SC
Mark Stewart
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, EdS, MS
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29201
Relationship struggles are my focus, though these may be explored alone or together. We can work to help you navigate high-stakes situations to strengthen your most intimate, important attachments. We all need to feel understood, and deserve to feel loved. Through a relational, systemic approach, we can explore and strengthen your connecting bonds and your place within them. Life is as much about how we tell our stories as it is the content of these narratives. Attachment is a key part of my work with romantic / sexual partners and families. Being newly seen and heard in more complete ways can be transformative and hope-inducing.
Relationship struggles are my focus, though these may be explored alone or together. We can work to help you navigate high-stakes situations to strengthen your most intimate, important attachments. We all need to feel understood, and deserve to feel loved. Through a relational, systemic approach, we can explore and strengthen your connecting bonds and your place within them. Life is as much about how we tell our stories as it is the content of these narratives. Attachment is a key part of my work with romantic / sexual partners and families. Being newly seen and heard in more complete ways can be transformative and hope-inducing.
(803) 991-4197 View (803) 991-4197
Photo of The Ultimate Choice Consulting, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
The Ultimate Choice Consulting, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, BSW, LPC, LPCS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29223
Life is filled with countless choices, and at times, these choices can leave us feeling overwhelmed and unsure of what steps to take next. However, fear not, for we are here to guide you in making wise decisions and navigating through the choices that have been presented to you. Our mission is to assist individuals we have a diverse background in treating adolescents, adults, and the elderly, couples and families in embracing change and finding solutions to life's most challenging dilemmas.
Life is filled with countless choices, and at times, these choices can leave us feeling overwhelmed and unsure of what steps to take next. However, fear not, for we are here to guide you in making wise decisions and navigating through the choices that have been presented to you. Our mission is to assist individuals we have a diverse background in treating adolescents, adults, and the elderly, couples and families in embracing change and finding solutions to life's most challenging dilemmas.
(803) 636-8940 View (803) 636-8940
Photo of Bertha Y Myers, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
Bertha Y Myers
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29202  (Online Only)
Many elements impact our lives; some are anxiety, stress, anger, depression, grief, addiction, and conflict. These issues decline our physical and mental health. The ideal client is ready for change and desires additional coping skills; one who is willing to progress daily towards goals that WE establish; one who understands that life can be rigid, but daily living can be fluid, and adjusting can be the benefit of counseling. Changing is difficult; refusing to change or not knowing that change is necessary is dysfunctional.
Many elements impact our lives; some are anxiety, stress, anger, depression, grief, addiction, and conflict. These issues decline our physical and mental health. The ideal client is ready for change and desires additional coping skills; one who is willing to progress daily towards goals that WE establish; one who understands that life can be rigid, but daily living can be fluid, and adjusting can be the benefit of counseling. Changing is difficult; refusing to change or not knowing that change is necessary is dysfunctional.
(803) 599-2023 View (803) 599-2023
Photo of Sarah Todd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbia, SC
Sarah Todd
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-CP, PMH-C
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29205
Being a new parent, no matter how you came into the role, can be difficult. It’s not unusual to experience feelings of sadness, anger, irritability, or intrusive, unsettling thoughts. My goal is to give you a safe place to vent your feelings, and work through your specific challenges in order to come to a happier place in your life, and love yourself for the awesome person you are. I have speciality training working with Postpartum depression and anxiety from Postpartum Support International, and I come to session as a fellow birthing person/parent who can empathize with your experience.
Being a new parent, no matter how you came into the role, can be difficult. It’s not unusual to experience feelings of sadness, anger, irritability, or intrusive, unsettling thoughts. My goal is to give you a safe place to vent your feelings, and work through your specific challenges in order to come to a happier place in your life, and love yourself for the awesome person you are. I have speciality training working with Postpartum depression and anxiety from Postpartum Support International, and I come to session as a fellow birthing person/parent who can empathize with your experience.
(864) 383-0610 View (864) 383-0610
Photo of Madeline Eads, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbia, SC
Madeline Eads
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, MT-BC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29201
My goal is to walk alongside you and help you discover your own resiliency and worth in the midst of mental illness, neurodivergence, and even life transitions and stressors. I have significant experience working with a variety of issues, but have extensive knowledge and experience working with folks in crisis, thinking about ending their life or hurting themselves, or folks living with Borderline Personality Disorder. I am also committed to changing the culture of mental health into one that is inclusive, nonjudgemental, accepting, safe and authentic. After all, mental health is not about being sick, it's about being alive.
My goal is to walk alongside you and help you discover your own resiliency and worth in the midst of mental illness, neurodivergence, and even life transitions and stressors. I have significant experience working with a variety of issues, but have extensive knowledge and experience working with folks in crisis, thinking about ending their life or hurting themselves, or folks living with Borderline Personality Disorder. I am also committed to changing the culture of mental health into one that is inclusive, nonjudgemental, accepting, safe and authentic. After all, mental health is not about being sick, it's about being alive.
(803) 866-7531 View (803) 866-7531
Photo of Kaye Randall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbia, SC
Kaye Randall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-CP
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29206  (Online Only)
Hi! My name is Kathleen Randall, MSW, LISW-CP. It is great to meet you! Life’s challenges can be overwhelming at times. You may be dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship issues or simply seeking personal growth in all areas of your life. I am here to provide support and guide you through solution focused strategies. Our discussions will be grounded in empathy, understanding and empowerment. I am a licensed clinical therapist with over 24 years of experience in private practice. I love helping people discover their innate strengths while sharing new strategies in order to implement and sustain lasting positive change.
Hi! My name is Kathleen Randall, MSW, LISW-CP. It is great to meet you! Life’s challenges can be overwhelming at times. You may be dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship issues or simply seeking personal growth in all areas of your life. I am here to provide support and guide you through solution focused strategies. Our discussions will be grounded in empathy, understanding and empowerment. I am a licensed clinical therapist with over 24 years of experience in private practice. I love helping people discover their innate strengths while sharing new strategies in order to implement and sustain lasting positive change.
(803) 674-5732 View (803) 674-5732
Photo of Ashley Settles, Pre-Licensed Professional in Columbia, SC
Ashley Settles
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29210  (Online Only)
You not alone in this journey of healing. I will be on the passenger side while you are in the driver’s seat. You are in control over the direction that we will go throughout your wellness process and we will go at your own speed. In working together, I strive to help my clients feel better than they did in the beginning of a session. Therapy may not be an easy road for you, but you will learn more about yourself throughout this journey. I want you to feel as though you can be 100% yourself and our therapeutic space is a safe place where you can express your feelings openly. I’m here for you and excited to go through this journey
You not alone in this journey of healing. I will be on the passenger side while you are in the driver’s seat. You are in control over the direction that we will go throughout your wellness process and we will go at your own speed. In working together, I strive to help my clients feel better than they did in the beginning of a session. Therapy may not be an easy road for you, but you will learn more about yourself throughout this journey. I want you to feel as though you can be 100% yourself and our therapeutic space is a safe place where you can express your feelings openly. I’m here for you and excited to go through this journey
(803) 373-9819 View (803) 373-9819
Photo of Sydney Stinson, Licensed Master Social Worker in Columbia, SC
Sydney Stinson
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29201  (Online Only)
My ideal client is someone who is wanting to make a positive change in their life. I work mainly with individuals who are experiencing anxiety, depression, major life changes, interpersonal conflict, negative impact from a trauma, difficulties with parenting and stress from care taking someone who is experiencing severe mental illness. My goal is to focus on making beneficial changes in your life so that you are able to feel belonging, success and joy.
My ideal client is someone who is wanting to make a positive change in their life. I work mainly with individuals who are experiencing anxiety, depression, major life changes, interpersonal conflict, negative impact from a trauma, difficulties with parenting and stress from care taking someone who is experiencing severe mental illness. My goal is to focus on making beneficial changes in your life so that you are able to feel belonging, success and joy.
(803) 656-1535 View (803) 656-1535
Photo of Brianna Drake, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Columbia, SC
Brianna Drake
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, LPCA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29201
I have extensive training with severe symptoms including suicidal thoughts and self-harm. I specialize in DBT (Dialectical Behavior Therapy) techniques for a variety of mood and personality disorders. I help people work out the barriers to their goals by teaching techniques that are specific to clients' needs.
I have extensive training with severe symptoms including suicidal thoughts and self-harm. I specialize in DBT (Dialectical Behavior Therapy) techniques for a variety of mood and personality disorders. I help people work out the barriers to their goals by teaching techniques that are specific to clients' needs.
(803) 881-2101 View (803) 881-2101
Photo of Dr. Connell Anthony, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
Dr. Connell Anthony
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, NCC, CCMHC, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29206  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I serve as a private practitioner working with a broad spectrum of clients. I have experience in a wide range of settings including schools, a mental health center, and psychiatric hospitals. My training as Certified Clinical Mental Health Counselor, Licensed Professional Counselor, and a certified high school teacher enhance my skills to work with parents and their children with many issues they encounter in an educational and social environment, such as bullying, conflict resolution, anger management, low esteem, and many other issues that they may encounter throughout the school year. I provide supervision for Counseling Practicum and Internship, and LPC-I.
I serve as a private practitioner working with a broad spectrum of clients. I have experience in a wide range of settings including schools, a mental health center, and psychiatric hospitals. My training as Certified Clinical Mental Health Counselor, Licensed Professional Counselor, and a certified high school teacher enhance my skills to work with parents and their children with many issues they encounter in an educational and social environment, such as bullying, conflict resolution, anger management, low esteem, and many other issues that they may encounter throughout the school year. I provide supervision for Counseling Practicum and Internship, and LPC-I.
(803) 610-2933 View (803) 610-2933
Photo of Cindy S Smith, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
Cindy S Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MS, NCC, CCMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29204
Not accepting new clients
I are not accepting referrals or new clients at this time. Thanks for checking us out. If you would like to be added to our waiting list, please call and/or come back if you have not found the help you need and we will gladly get you added.
I are not accepting referrals or new clients at this time. Thanks for checking us out. If you would like to be added to our waiting list, please call and/or come back if you have not found the help you need and we will gladly get you added.
(803) 828-0199 View (803) 828-0199
Photo of Ashton Doby Tisdale, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbia, SC
Ashton Doby Tisdale
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-CP, LAC, AADC, MAC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29201
Waitlist for new clients
Waitlist available for prospective new clients. I understand that mental health and substance use offer challenges to individuals and families, sometimes requiring outside help to overcome these issues. I provide you as a client with a safe, nonjudgmental space to enhance self discovery and skill building to lead to a healthy lifestyle. My goals for all of my clients include building on effective life skills, learning new coping skills that empower you to reach your goals, processing past traumas to change core beliefs about yourself and the world, and overall feeling respected as a human being through the therapy process.
Waitlist available for prospective new clients. I understand that mental health and substance use offer challenges to individuals and families, sometimes requiring outside help to overcome these issues. I provide you as a client with a safe, nonjudgmental space to enhance self discovery and skill building to lead to a healthy lifestyle. My goals for all of my clients include building on effective life skills, learning new coping skills that empower you to reach your goals, processing past traumas to change core beliefs about yourself and the world, and overall feeling respected as a human being through the therapy process.
(803) 373-1360 View (803) 373-1360
Photo of Olivia Tate, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
Olivia Tate
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29229  (Online Only)
Are you overwhelmed with the pressure of being all the things, to all the people? Are you the strong one for everyone else, even though it feels like you're barely hanging on? Is your answer always "yes" even when your heart, body, and soul are saying "no"? Do you struggle to reconcile your faith with your mental health challenges? Do you crave a safe place that you can simply take the cape off and breathe? Does representation matter? If so, I've got you.
Are you overwhelmed with the pressure of being all the things, to all the people? Are you the strong one for everyone else, even though it feels like you're barely hanging on? Is your answer always "yes" even when your heart, body, and soul are saying "no"? Do you struggle to reconcile your faith with your mental health challenges? Do you crave a safe place that you can simply take the cape off and breathe? Does representation matter? If so, I've got you.
(803) 805-8490 View (803) 805-8490
Photo of Ree Wolfe, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
Ree Wolfe
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29210  (Online Only)
Are you someone who is tired of the cost of abandoning yourself and your story to accommodate others' expectations? Are you ready to do the work of facing the way your trauma history has wired your body into a chronic series of reactions (fight/flight/freeze/fawn, etc.) and discover how to free yourself from the past to LIVE in the present?
Are you someone who is tired of the cost of abandoning yourself and your story to accommodate others' expectations? Are you ready to do the work of facing the way your trauma history has wired your body into a chronic series of reactions (fight/flight/freeze/fawn, etc.) and discover how to free yourself from the past to LIVE in the present?
(803) 599-2314 View (803) 599-2314
Photo of Dr. Janelle Renee Robinson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
Dr. Janelle Renee Robinson
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29229
I am Dr. Janelle Robinson, a Licensed Professional Counselor and a National Certified Counselor based in Columbia, SC - here to guide you through life’s most complex and difficult matters. I truly care about my clients’ well-being and guarantee top of the line counseling services catered to their needs. Since 2006, I have provided a number of specialized therapeutic services to those dealing with challenging life experiences. Client well-being is my number one priority, and I go above and beyond to help them through all their obstacles.
I am Dr. Janelle Robinson, a Licensed Professional Counselor and a National Certified Counselor based in Columbia, SC - here to guide you through life’s most complex and difficult matters. I truly care about my clients’ well-being and guarantee top of the line counseling services catered to their needs. Since 2006, I have provided a number of specialized therapeutic services to those dealing with challenging life experiences. Client well-being is my number one priority, and I go above and beyond to help them through all their obstacles.
(803) 879-4442 View (803) 879-4442
Photo of Nick Benenhaley, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
Nick Benenhaley
Licensed Professional Counselor, Ed S, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29201
My goal is to take the path with you and help you discover your own resiliency in the midst of trauma, mental illness, neurodivergence, and even life transitions. Each and every one of us has the ability to overcome hardships, sometimes you just need help along the way. I am a practitioner that aligns with person-centered therapy, LGBTQ affirmation therapy, child-centered play therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, and I also specialize in treating personality disorders.
My goal is to take the path with you and help you discover your own resiliency in the midst of trauma, mental illness, neurodivergence, and even life transitions. Each and every one of us has the ability to overcome hardships, sometimes you just need help along the way. I am a practitioner that aligns with person-centered therapy, LGBTQ affirmation therapy, child-centered play therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, and I also specialize in treating personality disorders.
(803) 882-3254 View (803) 882-3254
Photo of Counseling Behaviors, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
Counseling Behaviors, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MPhil, LPC, LAC
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29204
I am Cory Russell, a licensed therapist. I have been working in the field for 9 years and enjoy working with people to find solutions to their concerns. There are times in which we are battling numerous disturbances in our life. The concerns you will raise from these disturbances can limit your ability to overcome daily tasks, goals, and other concerns that may come along in our lives.
I am Cory Russell, a licensed therapist. I have been working in the field for 9 years and enjoy working with people to find solutions to their concerns. There are times in which we are battling numerous disturbances in our life. The concerns you will raise from these disturbances can limit your ability to overcome daily tasks, goals, and other concerns that may come along in our lives.
(803) 335-5611 View (803) 335-5611
Photo of Christine Schaub, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
Christine Schaub
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29203  (Online Only)
Feeling like things just won't get better. I have been there and understand the struggle it takes to face the day, when all you want to do is crawl back into your bed. At Haven's Pathway, I offer a caring and support environment to discuss, explore and process through emotions you may not want to talk about with anyone else. I also understand the difficulty it takes to pick the phone up and ask for help, but if you don't do it today when will you?
Feeling like things just won't get better. I have been there and understand the struggle it takes to face the day, when all you want to do is crawl back into your bed. At Haven's Pathway, I offer a caring and support environment to discuss, explore and process through emotions you may not want to talk about with anyone else. I also understand the difficulty it takes to pick the phone up and ask for help, but if you don't do it today when will you?
(803) 866-6525 View (803) 866-6525

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Columbia, SC

600+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Columbia, SC who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
76% Self Esteem
75% Relationship Issues
74% Coping Skills
72% Stress
70% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

73% BlueCross and BlueShield
58% Aetna
57% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Columbia, SC see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Columbia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.