Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

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Photo of Intensive Care Counseling LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Intensive Care Counseling LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15237
I am a trauma therapist who enjoys helping individuals and families bring more joy and compassion to their relationships. I am available to meet with you for a series of intensive virtual sessions or for several days of intensive in-home work. I bring understanding and light as we work to overcome emotional hardships based on common problems including anger, anxiety, grief, depression, phobias, low self-esteem, post-traumatic stress disorder, relational problems and more.
I am a trauma therapist who enjoys helping individuals and families bring more joy and compassion to their relationships. I am available to meet with you for a series of intensive virtual sessions or for several days of intensive in-home work. I bring understanding and light as we work to overcome emotional hardships based on common problems including anger, anxiety, grief, depression, phobias, low self-esteem, post-traumatic stress disorder, relational problems and more.
(412) 754-7627 View (412) 754-7627
Photo of Dominique Dove, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Dominique Dove
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15217  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
NOTE: I have no current availability, but you can reach out to join my waitlist. Are you feeling anxious or burnt out? Are you stuck or unfulfilled in your career or in your life? Do you lay awake at night and fantasize about a life that's complete different from what yours looks like now - but you're not sure how to get there? When you're struggling with your mental health or with your career, it can feel like you're living to just get through the day. This does NOT have to be your reality. With support, clarity, and the right skills, you can go from merely surviving to thriving in your personal and professional life.
NOTE: I have no current availability, but you can reach out to join my waitlist. Are you feeling anxious or burnt out? Are you stuck or unfulfilled in your career or in your life? Do you lay awake at night and fantasize about a life that's complete different from what yours looks like now - but you're not sure how to get there? When you're struggling with your mental health or with your career, it can feel like you're living to just get through the day. This does NOT have to be your reality. With support, clarity, and the right skills, you can go from merely surviving to thriving in your personal and professional life.
(412) 900-8957 View (412) 900-8957
Photo of Holly Jasin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Holly Jasin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15228
"Love is the great miracle cure, loving ourselves works great miracles in our lives." I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and I aspire to team with my clients to achieve their fullest potential using a holistic, wellness-based approach to therapy. By focusing on the mind, body, & spirit, we are capable of healing and moving toward our highest potential. In therapy I like to take both a solution-focused and personal growth approach. Looking at one's life and stressors using a wellness model, allows growth and healing in all areas of life.
"Love is the great miracle cure, loving ourselves works great miracles in our lives." I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and I aspire to team with my clients to achieve their fullest potential using a holistic, wellness-based approach to therapy. By focusing on the mind, body, & spirit, we are capable of healing and moving toward our highest potential. In therapy I like to take both a solution-focused and personal growth approach. Looking at one's life and stressors using a wellness model, allows growth and healing in all areas of life.
(724) 675-4538 View (724) 675-4538
Photo of Jeffrey Bowden, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Jeffrey Bowden
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15241
Now accepting new clients! My approach starts with the basic premise that we are all capable of becoming more than we are at this point in our lives, both psychologically and physically. By engaging in the process of examining ourselves, understanding our motivations, and evaluating the effectiveness of our actions, we can learn to achieve personal satisfaction and fulfillment. Our capacity to embrace challenges and pursue goals is a process that evolves throughout our lives.
Now accepting new clients! My approach starts with the basic premise that we are all capable of becoming more than we are at this point in our lives, both psychologically and physically. By engaging in the process of examining ourselves, understanding our motivations, and evaluating the effectiveness of our actions, we can learn to achieve personal satisfaction and fulfillment. Our capacity to embrace challenges and pursue goals is a process that evolves throughout our lives.
(412) 743-9514 View (412) 743-9514
Photo of Christine Cremonni, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Christine Cremonni
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
My ideal candidate is struggling with intrusive thoughts and anxiety; they need both a safe space to share their thoughts and emotions, as well as guidance; their goals are to develop a healthier relationship with themself, as well as develop coping skills and tools to manage their mental health concerns better.
My ideal candidate is struggling with intrusive thoughts and anxiety; they need both a safe space to share their thoughts and emotions, as well as guidance; their goals are to develop a healthier relationship with themself, as well as develop coping skills and tools to manage their mental health concerns better.
(412) 912-4040 View (412) 912-4040
Photo of Kimberly Weeden, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Kimberly Weeden
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CCFP
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217  (Online Only)
Do you struggle with self esteem, decision making, or just life in general? Are you ready to make a change? Often times our experiences can/have shape(d) who we’ve become. You may be in need of support and that’s ok. Congratulations to you for taking the first step in seeking support.
Do you struggle with self esteem, decision making, or just life in general? Are you ready to make a change? Often times our experiences can/have shape(d) who we’ve become. You may be in need of support and that’s ok. Congratulations to you for taking the first step in seeking support.
(412) 214-8979 View (412) 214-8979
Photo of Dr. Samantha Marino, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Dr. Samantha Marino
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15237
I have been most helpful with clients who have clear goals or specific issues they want to address. I can work with you in a brief, specific and time-limited ways to help faciliate problem-solving and behavioral changes as needed. I can also work with you long-term to address chronic or longer standing issues of past trauma, family conflict, or issues with self and identity. Most importantly, I work collaboratively to help you meet your own needs by matching the treatment modality and plan with your stated needs and learning/attachment style. I am direct and honest, but always with permission and gentleness. I respect and value all.
I have been most helpful with clients who have clear goals or specific issues they want to address. I can work with you in a brief, specific and time-limited ways to help faciliate problem-solving and behavioral changes as needed. I can also work with you long-term to address chronic or longer standing issues of past trauma, family conflict, or issues with self and identity. Most importantly, I work collaboratively to help you meet your own needs by matching the treatment modality and plan with your stated needs and learning/attachment style. I am direct and honest, but always with permission and gentleness. I respect and value all.
(412) 899-2191 View (412) 899-2191
Photo of Thrive Counseling Center LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Thrive Counseling Center LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15201
Our lives tend to be multi-faceted works of art, made up of many roles, relationships, and responsibilities. Oftentimes, we are able to adapt to changes in these roles and responsibilities with little or no difficulty; however there are times in our lives when change can cause distraction, negative feelings, and overall dissatisfaction with our lives. These times are when we can be empowered to discover our true authentic lives, within ourselves and our relationships, by engaging in therapy. During sessions, we will explore ineffective behavior patterns and perceptions to move forward into a better state of mind and lead a more fulfilling life.
Our lives tend to be multi-faceted works of art, made up of many roles, relationships, and responsibilities. Oftentimes, we are able to adapt to changes in these roles and responsibilities with little or no difficulty; however there are times in our lives when change can cause distraction, negative feelings, and overall dissatisfaction with our lives. These times are when we can be empowered to discover our true authentic lives, within ourselves and our relationships, by engaging in therapy. During sessions, we will explore ineffective behavior patterns and perceptions to move forward into a better state of mind and lead a more fulfilling life.
(412) 301-9949 View (412) 301-9949
Photo of Alison Paniccia, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Alison Paniccia
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MT-BC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15243  (Online Only)
Do you feel out of control with food? Is your body dissatisfaction getting in the way of your goals? Are you taking extreme measures to lose weight? Parents - is your child suddenly skipping meals or eliminating their favorite foods? Is your adolescent a "picky eater?" I have spent the last five years working exclusively in eating disorders and can help with goals such as eliminating binge eating, introducing non food related coping skills, expanding food variety, reintegrating regular meals, and establishing body acceptance. Eating disorder treatment is often a difficult journey but recovery is possible.
Do you feel out of control with food? Is your body dissatisfaction getting in the way of your goals? Are you taking extreme measures to lose weight? Parents - is your child suddenly skipping meals or eliminating their favorite foods? Is your adolescent a "picky eater?" I have spent the last five years working exclusively in eating disorders and can help with goals such as eliminating binge eating, introducing non food related coping skills, expanding food variety, reintegrating regular meals, and establishing body acceptance. Eating disorder treatment is often a difficult journey but recovery is possible.
(412) 725-0234 View (412) 725-0234
Photo of Virginia Wendt, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Virginia Wendt
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSCP, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15219
Not accepting new clients
Hello! I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 10 years of experience working in community mental health, including over six years as a psychotherapist. I believe that when we're able to live as authentically, honestly, and purposefully as we can, we feel more satisfaction, connection, and peace. I believe that awareness, curiosity, and self-compassion are powerful and necessary tools for growth, and that how we make meaning - of our lives, relationships, and the world - is deeply connected to our ability to live a fulfilling life.
Hello! I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 10 years of experience working in community mental health, including over six years as a psychotherapist. I believe that when we're able to live as authentically, honestly, and purposefully as we can, we feel more satisfaction, connection, and peace. I believe that awareness, curiosity, and self-compassion are powerful and necessary tools for growth, and that how we make meaning - of our lives, relationships, and the world - is deeply connected to our ability to live a fulfilling life.
(412) 660-6100 View (412) 660-6100
Photo of Kevin Debow, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Kevin Debow
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
A lot of people see therapy as a one-sided conversation with little opportunity for interaction or getting to experience each other as real people. I owe it to you to be as real as possible. I want to help you achieve whatever solutions and life changes you are looking for while enjoying the process as much as possible and experiencing yourself in new ways. I do not believe therapy has to always be a painful experience. I understand that making that call to a therapist can be intimidating, but I hope you will take a moment to call and see how I can help.
A lot of people see therapy as a one-sided conversation with little opportunity for interaction or getting to experience each other as real people. I owe it to you to be as real as possible. I want to help you achieve whatever solutions and life changes you are looking for while enjoying the process as much as possible and experiencing yourself in new ways. I do not believe therapy has to always be a painful experience. I understand that making that call to a therapist can be intimidating, but I hope you will take a moment to call and see how I can help.
(412) 866-1015 View (412) 866-1015
Photo of Elis O'Marehen, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Elis O'Marehen
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15232
Currently accepting new clients! Being able to connect with a therapist is hard. Really hard. Especially if you are part of the LGBTQIA+ community. Am I right? Feeling "other" has become so normal that we often don't even realize we are merely surviving because we don't know there's another way to exist. Stress, shame, and all of the other emotions swirling around create a tornado that is hard to get out of. That's where I come in. I'm a LGBTQIA+, relationship (i.e. CNM), and culturally affirming therapist with lived experience as a queer woman with a trans partner, as well as assisted reproduction and gender-expansive parenting.
Currently accepting new clients! Being able to connect with a therapist is hard. Really hard. Especially if you are part of the LGBTQIA+ community. Am I right? Feeling "other" has become so normal that we often don't even realize we are merely surviving because we don't know there's another way to exist. Stress, shame, and all of the other emotions swirling around create a tornado that is hard to get out of. That's where I come in. I'm a LGBTQIA+, relationship (i.e. CNM), and culturally affirming therapist with lived experience as a queer woman with a trans partner, as well as assisted reproduction and gender-expansive parenting.
(412) 844-4838 View (412) 844-4838
Photo of Natalie McCormick, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Natalie McCormick
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSCP, LPC, NCC, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15203  (Online Only)
Let's work together to help you live your best life: Whatever that means and looks like for you! I believe in the therapeutic process of discovery, understanding, healing and ultimately creating meaning in one's life and circumstances. As your therapist, my goal is to create a comfortable space to work towards your goals. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor experienced working with adults, teens, couples and families struggling with a variety of concerns including: stress/anxiety, depression, life transitions, career changes, emotion management, self-esteem, relationships, women's issues and so on.
Let's work together to help you live your best life: Whatever that means and looks like for you! I believe in the therapeutic process of discovery, understanding, healing and ultimately creating meaning in one's life and circumstances. As your therapist, my goal is to create a comfortable space to work towards your goals. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor experienced working with adults, teens, couples and families struggling with a variety of concerns including: stress/anxiety, depression, life transitions, career changes, emotion management, self-esteem, relationships, women's issues and so on.
(412) 888-0986 View (412) 888-0986
Photo of Neta Bar, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Neta Bar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15217  (Online Only)
I see therapy as a process of exploration, which is enabled by a safe and supportive space, allowing clients to examine past and present challenges, reach insights, identify patterns, and process life’s transitions and relationships. I work with adults who feel that the challenges they face are unnecessarily burdened by their past and unresolved experiences and relationships, and with those who seek to better understand themselves, their difficulties, their connections — and wish to work towards positive change.
I see therapy as a process of exploration, which is enabled by a safe and supportive space, allowing clients to examine past and present challenges, reach insights, identify patterns, and process life’s transitions and relationships. I work with adults who feel that the challenges they face are unnecessarily burdened by their past and unresolved experiences and relationships, and with those who seek to better understand themselves, their difficulties, their connections — and wish to work towards positive change.
(878) 313-2271 View (878) 313-2271
Photo of Clara H Gautier, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Clara H Gautier
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
My aim is to form a supportive, accepting, and respectful relationship as the foundation for change. Through the development of new outlooks and skills, therapy can help us to get out of ruts, suffer less, enjoy more, and find life more satisfying.
My aim is to form a supportive, accepting, and respectful relationship as the foundation for change. Through the development of new outlooks and skills, therapy can help us to get out of ruts, suffer less, enjoy more, and find life more satisfying.
(412) 228-0706 View (412) 228-0706
Photo of Holly Zill, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Holly Zill
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15222
Holly Zill is Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who works with her clients by meeting them at their pace and need level to achieve their personal goals, decrease negative symptoms, improve interpersonal relationships, and increase quality of life. Holly has 7 years of experience in the mental health field. Holly completed her Master of Arts (MA) in Couples, Marriage and Family Therapy at Kutztown University.
Holly Zill is Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who works with her clients by meeting them at their pace and need level to achieve their personal goals, decrease negative symptoms, improve interpersonal relationships, and increase quality of life. Holly has 7 years of experience in the mental health field. Holly completed her Master of Arts (MA) in Couples, Marriage and Family Therapy at Kutztown University.
(339) 244-7023 View (339) 244-7023
Photo of Jonathan McComas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Jonathan McComas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Jonathan McComas is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania who has been practicing in the mental health field since 2001. Jonathan has had success working with a wide variety of clients in a wide range of environments. Jonathan takes a multifaceted, holistic approach to therapy. Do you struggle with Anxiety, Depression, Anger, Trauma, Grief/Loss or managing Life Events? Our emotions can often impact our overall well-being and ability to enjoy life. Understanding and coping with our emotions can be difficult and overwhelming, often causing issues not just for us, but also for those in our lives as well.
Jonathan McComas is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania who has been practicing in the mental health field since 2001. Jonathan has had success working with a wide variety of clients in a wide range of environments. Jonathan takes a multifaceted, holistic approach to therapy. Do you struggle with Anxiety, Depression, Anger, Trauma, Grief/Loss or managing Life Events? Our emotions can often impact our overall well-being and ability to enjoy life. Understanding and coping with our emotions can be difficult and overwhelming, often causing issues not just for us, but also for those in our lives as well.
(412) 386-0983 View (412) 386-0983
Photo of Courtney Williams, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Courtney Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, PMH-C, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15218
Not accepting new clients
The journey to parenthood can bring up many different emotions; fear, uncertainty, unresolved pasts, self-doubt, or grief, to name a few. Trying to navigate these emotions during a time of such vulnerability can be overwhelming. Resiliency and healing are fostered through empathy, connection, and understanding, and I know that growth can come from some of the most painful experiences. In my role as a therapist, my job is to help you explore the resources you already have to help you safely navigate your own experience of parenthood.
The journey to parenthood can bring up many different emotions; fear, uncertainty, unresolved pasts, self-doubt, or grief, to name a few. Trying to navigate these emotions during a time of such vulnerability can be overwhelming. Resiliency and healing are fostered through empathy, connection, and understanding, and I know that growth can come from some of the most painful experiences. In my role as a therapist, my job is to help you explore the resources you already have to help you safely navigate your own experience of parenthood.
(412) 436-9034 View (412) 436-9034
Photo of David Prybock, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
David Prybock
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
Do you want to improve your relationship, have less stress, or simply gain insight about yourself so that you can be happier and live a more fulfilling life? Change is difficult, especially when we try to do it alone. I am a Licensed Psychologist who offers individual and group therapy that are designed to help you be happier. My aim is to provide you with the knowledge and skills that will help you achieve change. Working together, we will utilize the strengths you already have and target those aspects of yourself that you want to change the most.
Do you want to improve your relationship, have less stress, or simply gain insight about yourself so that you can be happier and live a more fulfilling life? Change is difficult, especially when we try to do it alone. I am a Licensed Psychologist who offers individual and group therapy that are designed to help you be happier. My aim is to provide you with the knowledge and skills that will help you achieve change. Working together, we will utilize the strengths you already have and target those aspects of yourself that you want to change the most.
(412) 228-0094 View (412) 228-0094
Photo of Alexa Stern, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Alexa Stern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
I utilize an embodied and integrated approach to support clients to heal from past wounds and improve current functioning. As a body-oriented therapist, I believe attending to posture, gesture, breath, tensions, voice, and movement can yield powerful insights and changes in how we experience ourselves and the world and facilitate the integration of body, mind and spirit toward fuller authentic living. Often, we need to encounter what we find within us to be deeply unacceptable, painful, and terrifying to be set free and transform. As a compassionate, supportive guide, I am humbled and honored to accompany my clients on this journey.
I utilize an embodied and integrated approach to support clients to heal from past wounds and improve current functioning. As a body-oriented therapist, I believe attending to posture, gesture, breath, tensions, voice, and movement can yield powerful insights and changes in how we experience ourselves and the world and facilitate the integration of body, mind and spirit toward fuller authentic living. Often, we need to encounter what we find within us to be deeply unacceptable, painful, and terrifying to be set free and transform. As a compassionate, supportive guide, I am humbled and honored to accompany my clients on this journey.
(724) 987-6963 View (724) 987-6963

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Highmark
74% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
19% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pittsburgh?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.