Therapists in Columbus, OH

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Photo of Donald Joseph Hupp, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Donald Joseph Hupp
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW-S, LCSW, LICSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43235  (Online Only)
My experience has been treating people who suffer from: Anxiety Depression Mood Disorders Thoughts Disorders Chemical Dependency Issues Sexual Addictions In addition to the above, I have vast experience working with people who have: Basic life issues Marital problems Family stress Job stress Low self-esteem Sexual problems Social anxiety Sexuality identification. I want you to feel as if you are having a conversation with me. It is important for me to feel that you can comfortably open up to me so we can work together to solve whatever issue or need that you would like to work on.
My experience has been treating people who suffer from: Anxiety Depression Mood Disorders Thoughts Disorders Chemical Dependency Issues Sexual Addictions In addition to the above, I have vast experience working with people who have: Basic life issues Marital problems Family stress Job stress Low self-esteem Sexual problems Social anxiety Sexuality identification. I want you to feel as if you are having a conversation with me. It is important for me to feel that you can comfortably open up to me so we can work together to solve whatever issue or need that you would like to work on.
(440) 510-3678 View (440) 510-3678
Photo of Nick Meister, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Columbus, OH
Nick Meister
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S, CCTP, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43235  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I have significant experience working with adults and couples who have been struggling with: trauma and abuse from childhood and adulthood, anxiety, depression and mood disorders, relationship distress, and adjustment and phase of life issues. I utilize a warm, direct, interactive and empathic approach in combination with evidence based practices that create a safe space where you can create change and reach your goals.
I have significant experience working with adults and couples who have been struggling with: trauma and abuse from childhood and adulthood, anxiety, depression and mood disorders, relationship distress, and adjustment and phase of life issues. I utilize a warm, direct, interactive and empathic approach in combination with evidence based practices that create a safe space where you can create change and reach your goals.
Photo of Colleen A McClanahan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Colleen A McClanahan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43220  (Online Only)
I want to help you create a life worth living and a life worth sharing. I want to help you create a life worth sharing. Over the years, therapists have focused on diagnoses, like depression or anxiety. Plum Behavioral's Radically Open Dialectical Behavior Therapy (RO DBT) class seeks to treat the core of the problem for some, excessive self-control (overcontrol, or OC). We work to help you improve your social signaling (what others see) so that you might form stronger social bonds, enriching your life and helping you share the best of you with others.
I want to help you create a life worth living and a life worth sharing. I want to help you create a life worth sharing. Over the years, therapists have focused on diagnoses, like depression or anxiety. Plum Behavioral's Radically Open Dialectical Behavior Therapy (RO DBT) class seeks to treat the core of the problem for some, excessive self-control (overcontrol, or OC). We work to help you improve your social signaling (what others see) so that you might form stronger social bonds, enriching your life and helping you share the best of you with others.
(877) 758-6328 View (877) 758-6328
Photo of Shealynne Baus, Psychologist in Columbus, OH
Shealynne Baus
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43221
Are you stressed? Anxious? Overwhelmed? Not performing well? Therapy is an opportunity for change. Whether you are a high school student, college student, parent, young adult facing a new career or an executive, the demands of everyday life can be challenging. We often lose our perspective and suffer emotionally, psychologically, and even physically. Whether you are struggling with your everyday demands or you are confronting unique life challenges, I am here to help you reestablish your strengths and empower you with the confidence you need to achieve your personal goals.
Are you stressed? Anxious? Overwhelmed? Not performing well? Therapy is an opportunity for change. Whether you are a high school student, college student, parent, young adult facing a new career or an executive, the demands of everyday life can be challenging. We often lose our perspective and suffer emotionally, psychologically, and even physically. Whether you are struggling with your everyday demands or you are confronting unique life challenges, I am here to help you reestablish your strengths and empower you with the confidence you need to achieve your personal goals.
(614) 808-2085 View (614) 808-2085
Photo of Cary Sanders, Counselor in Columbus, OH
Cary Sanders
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43215  (Online Only)
It is with much admiration and respect that I engage with clients in the journey to wellness. As a therapist, I have always believed in the strength of the individual to heal. I have a depth of knowledge in how trauma impacts individuals. It is part of who we are, but doesn’t need to define us. It can be difficult to seek help when things seem overwhelming and that is why I have always tried to create a warm, compassionate and safe environment for clients so they can feel accepted wherever they might be in their journey of self discovery and growth.
It is with much admiration and respect that I engage with clients in the journey to wellness. As a therapist, I have always believed in the strength of the individual to heal. I have a depth of knowledge in how trauma impacts individuals. It is part of who we are, but doesn’t need to define us. It can be difficult to seek help when things seem overwhelming and that is why I have always tried to create a warm, compassionate and safe environment for clients so they can feel accepted wherever they might be in their journey of self discovery and growth.
(380) 205-9915 View (380) 205-9915
Photo of Ellen Heddleston, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Ellen Heddleston
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43220
Presence, trust, and empathy are the basic building blocks to creating any healing relationship. In a society that doesn’t always support wellness, isolation, grief, and overstimulation are all too familiar. My aim is to provide you with a space to feel seen and supported, where you can open up as your empowered, authentic Self. Together in a non-judgmental environment, we’ll explore the parts of you that are stuck to discover your highest potential. Whether we’re sitting with grief, recognizing and recovering from trauma symptoms, or developing boundaries, we’ll explore your inner landscapes in an affirming environment.
Presence, trust, and empathy are the basic building blocks to creating any healing relationship. In a society that doesn’t always support wellness, isolation, grief, and overstimulation are all too familiar. My aim is to provide you with a space to feel seen and supported, where you can open up as your empowered, authentic Self. Together in a non-judgmental environment, we’ll explore the parts of you that are stuck to discover your highest potential. Whether we’re sitting with grief, recognizing and recovering from trauma symptoms, or developing boundaries, we’ll explore your inner landscapes in an affirming environment.
(614) 908-4504 View (614) 908-4504
Photo of Jordan Redman, LPC Intern in Columbus, OH
Jordan Redman
LPC Intern, CT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43215
I have a passion for working with adolescents and adults struggling with depression, anxiety, stress, relationship distress and anger management issues. Everyone has strengths and areas for improvement. I will assist you in taking the steps to heal and grow into the person you want to be.
I have a passion for working with adolescents and adults struggling with depression, anxiety, stress, relationship distress and anger management issues. Everyone has strengths and areas for improvement. I will assist you in taking the steps to heal and grow into the person you want to be.
(614) 504-4457 View (614) 504-4457
Photo of Shara Reiss, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Shara Reiss
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43209
I have been working in the mental health field for over 20 years. For the past 19 years I has been exclusive to the JCC in the top-rated Early Childhood Department as a resource for all mental and behavioral health needs. I have worked with countless children, families, teachers and school systems over the years. I also work with adults, mostly moms who are trying to make it all happen. Additionally, I have a lot of experience with Multiple Sclerosis and work with many MS patients who struggle with their mental health.
I have been working in the mental health field for over 20 years. For the past 19 years I has been exclusive to the JCC in the top-rated Early Childhood Department as a resource for all mental and behavioral health needs. I have worked with countless children, families, teachers and school systems over the years. I also work with adults, mostly moms who are trying to make it all happen. Additionally, I have a lot of experience with Multiple Sclerosis and work with many MS patients who struggle with their mental health.
(614) 996-6826 View (614) 996-6826
Photo of Kim J Haring, Counselor in Columbus, OH
Kim J Haring
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43214
I offer support and counseling through a holistic, preventative model. I will work to understand and address your biological, social, mental and spiritual needs with the goal of helping you function better as a whole person. Uncovering your unique strengths, abilities, different worldviews and cultural experiences will be important to our work. Collaborating through curiosity and compassion enhances understanding for fostering and using your natural strengths and abilities. It is my privilege to assist you on your journey towards flourishing in your relationships, and emotional, spiritual, and mental health skills.
I offer support and counseling through a holistic, preventative model. I will work to understand and address your biological, social, mental and spiritual needs with the goal of helping you function better as a whole person. Uncovering your unique strengths, abilities, different worldviews and cultural experiences will be important to our work. Collaborating through curiosity and compassion enhances understanding for fostering and using your natural strengths and abilities. It is my privilege to assist you on your journey towards flourishing in your relationships, and emotional, spiritual, and mental health skills.
(614) 768-3052 View (614) 768-3052
Photo of New Hope Therapists, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
New Hope Therapists
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43222
Hi there! My name is Eric Eghan, I am a therapist at New Hope Therapists. I am inspired by my faith and believe that a tender plant can shoot and blossom from a dry ground. I believe in the harvest no matter how dry the ground may be. I believe healing and growth can occur no matter how difficult the situation may be. I believe a new you can emerge from the same old you. I am hopeful about your situation just as a tree has hope that it will sprout again when cut off. I keep hoping even when there is no reason for hope.
Hi there! My name is Eric Eghan, I am a therapist at New Hope Therapists. I am inspired by my faith and believe that a tender plant can shoot and blossom from a dry ground. I believe in the harvest no matter how dry the ground may be. I believe healing and growth can occur no matter how difficult the situation may be. I believe a new you can emerge from the same old you. I am hopeful about your situation just as a tree has hope that it will sprout again when cut off. I keep hoping even when there is no reason for hope.
(380) 212-2755 View (380) 212-2755
Photo of Emilie Stouffer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Emilie Stouffer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43215  (Online Only)
Hello and Welcome, I'm glad you are considering taking the space to focus on YOU! I am a Licensed Independent/Clinical Social Worker in Ohio and Connecticut and offer online therapy services. I received my Masters of Social Work from The Ohio State University. I have experiencing working with adults, adolescents, and children. I specialize in anxiety, life transitions, trauma, self-esteem, boundaries, and relationship challenges (family, friends, co-workers, etc.).
Hello and Welcome, I'm glad you are considering taking the space to focus on YOU! I am a Licensed Independent/Clinical Social Worker in Ohio and Connecticut and offer online therapy services. I received my Masters of Social Work from The Ohio State University. I have experiencing working with adults, adolescents, and children. I specialize in anxiety, life transitions, trauma, self-esteem, boundaries, and relationship challenges (family, friends, co-workers, etc.).
(614) 665-5138 View (614) 665-5138
Photo of Barb Moore, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Columbus, OH
Barb Moore
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43220
We face many challenges throughout our lives. These challenges can either positively or negatively impact how we navigate our life journey. Either way, the challenges that we face can influence our emotional, physical, and spiritual well-being. I believe that it is important to come alongside clients on the journey to healing and self-awareness so that they can better navigate the challenges of life.
We face many challenges throughout our lives. These challenges can either positively or negatively impact how we navigate our life journey. Either way, the challenges that we face can influence our emotional, physical, and spiritual well-being. I believe that it is important to come alongside clients on the journey to healing and self-awareness so that they can better navigate the challenges of life.
(614) 660-8067 View (614) 660-8067
Photo of Glenn Byers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Glenn Byers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43213
Glenn A. Byers, LISW, is a goal-oriented therapist working with adolescents and adults to produce successful outcomes. Glenn received his undergraduate degree from Wright State University, Dayton Ohio and his master's in social work from The Ohio State University. With over 20 years of experience, Glenn has successfully worked with a variety of mental health and behavioral issues. Areas of interest include but are not limited to ADD/ADHD, Anger Management, Autism, Depression, Physical/Sexual Abuse, Relationship Issues, and Spectrum Disorders.
Glenn A. Byers, LISW, is a goal-oriented therapist working with adolescents and adults to produce successful outcomes. Glenn received his undergraduate degree from Wright State University, Dayton Ohio and his master's in social work from The Ohio State University. With over 20 years of experience, Glenn has successfully worked with a variety of mental health and behavioral issues. Areas of interest include but are not limited to ADD/ADHD, Anger Management, Autism, Depression, Physical/Sexual Abuse, Relationship Issues, and Spectrum Disorders.
(380) 212-3048 View (380) 212-3048
Photo of Dr. Kristen Swope, Psychologist in Columbus, OH
Dr. Kristen Swope
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43201
With increased understanding of ourselves and our experiences comes an enhanced ability to intentionally navigate the world and live a more fulfilling life. Taking a dynamic approach to therapy, I work most effectively with clients who want to increase their understanding of why they do what they do, and how past relationships (both with themselves and others) affect current behavior, concerns, and "stuck points". It is with this new understanding that they can change patterns that are no longer working for them.
With increased understanding of ourselves and our experiences comes an enhanced ability to intentionally navigate the world and live a more fulfilling life. Taking a dynamic approach to therapy, I work most effectively with clients who want to increase their understanding of why they do what they do, and how past relationships (both with themselves and others) affect current behavior, concerns, and "stuck points". It is with this new understanding that they can change patterns that are no longer working for them.
(717) 927-7183 View (717) 927-7183
Photo of Tami L Childs, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Tami L Childs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43214
I feel the most helpful with clients who experience unmanaged symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, ADHD, Addiction, Grief and Trauma. Left unmanaged, these disorders can decrease our sense of self worth. A variety of other issues might develop such as relationship conflicts, loneliness, phobias, panic attacks, and substance abuse. Along with empowering individuals to become mentally strong, I enjoy helping Couples improve their relationship. Whether it's teaching communication skills, conflict resolution skills or endeavoring to heal from specific events and issues, there are gains we can make by working together.
I feel the most helpful with clients who experience unmanaged symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, ADHD, Addiction, Grief and Trauma. Left unmanaged, these disorders can decrease our sense of self worth. A variety of other issues might develop such as relationship conflicts, loneliness, phobias, panic attacks, and substance abuse. Along with empowering individuals to become mentally strong, I enjoy helping Couples improve their relationship. Whether it's teaching communication skills, conflict resolution skills or endeavoring to heal from specific events and issues, there are gains we can make by working together.
(614) 714-5021 View (614) 714-5021
Photo of KJS Counseling & Consultation , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
KJS Counseling & Consultation
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43235
Welcome, I hope this finds you well. Therapy is a journey I join my clients in & I look forward to working with you to reach whatever goals you have for yourself. I approach therapy from a collaborative, strengths based perspective. I specialize in the treatment of PTSD which includes complex trauma, traumatic loss, single incident trauma, and dissociative disorders in adults. I also treat depression, anxiety, social anxiety, complicated grief and the unavoidable issues that arise from living life.
Welcome, I hope this finds you well. Therapy is a journey I join my clients in & I look forward to working with you to reach whatever goals you have for yourself. I approach therapy from a collaborative, strengths based perspective. I specialize in the treatment of PTSD which includes complex trauma, traumatic loss, single incident trauma, and dissociative disorders in adults. I also treat depression, anxiety, social anxiety, complicated grief and the unavoidable issues that arise from living life.
(740) 498-2436 View (740) 498-2436
Photo of Caitlin McGrew, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Caitlin McGrew
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, MSW, 500CYT
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43234  (Online Only)
I come to sessions vulnerable, prepared, compassionate, and ready to challenge unhelpful patterns. I hope to guide you to find fulfillment and joy in your every day life. I strongly believe you have strengths, skills, and capabilities to create a life worth living. I strive to be honest with you as we work together to find a balanced life and restore the best version of yourself.
I come to sessions vulnerable, prepared, compassionate, and ready to challenge unhelpful patterns. I hope to guide you to find fulfillment and joy in your every day life. I strongly believe you have strengths, skills, and capabilities to create a life worth living. I strive to be honest with you as we work together to find a balanced life and restore the best version of yourself.
(614) 666-6501 View (614) 666-6501
Photo of Aliyah McConahay, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Aliyah McConahay
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43206  (Online Only)
My treatment process begins with a comprehensive diagnostic assessment, typically lasting one to two hours. During this assessment, I carefully evaluate your presenting concerns and symptoms to provide accurate diagnoses and formulate personalized treatment recommendations. If I determine that I am the best fit for your needs, I will suggest starting with outpatient sessions on a weekly basis, gradually transitioning to biweekly sessions as progress is made.
My treatment process begins with a comprehensive diagnostic assessment, typically lasting one to two hours. During this assessment, I carefully evaluate your presenting concerns and symptoms to provide accurate diagnoses and formulate personalized treatment recommendations. If I determine that I am the best fit for your needs, I will suggest starting with outpatient sessions on a weekly basis, gradually transitioning to biweekly sessions as progress is made.
(380) 666-3151 View (380) 666-3151
Photo of Sasha L Ribic, Psychologist in Columbus, OH
Sasha L Ribic
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43221
I am a socially responsible practitioner, who respects and celebrates human diversity and difference. Trained as a generalist, I provide psychotherapy for children, adolescents, and adults. I specialize in working with emerging adults, ages 15-25, and individuals coping with various life transitions, self-harming behaviors, anxiety symptoms, disordered eating habits, self-esteem concerns, and women's issues. Additionally, areas of interest include grief/trauma counseling, depression, LGBTQ related topics, and eliminating self-defeating behaviors.
I am a socially responsible practitioner, who respects and celebrates human diversity and difference. Trained as a generalist, I provide psychotherapy for children, adolescents, and adults. I specialize in working with emerging adults, ages 15-25, and individuals coping with various life transitions, self-harming behaviors, anxiety symptoms, disordered eating habits, self-esteem concerns, and women's issues. Additionally, areas of interest include grief/trauma counseling, depression, LGBTQ related topics, and eliminating self-defeating behaviors.
(614) 300-3772 View (614) 300-3772
Photo of Amy J. Hohman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Amy J. Hohman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S, CCTP
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43212  (Online Only)
“In order to be irreplaceable, one must always be different.” -Coco Chanel We all have different life experiences, beliefs, values, strengths, challenges, obstacles, levels of support, etc. I utilize an integrative approach that allows me to work with you to tailor treatment to meet your unique needs. Therapeutic techniques can be integrated from Solution-Focused, Strengths-Based, Culturally Sensitive, Cognitive Behavioral, Acceptance and Commitment, Psychodynamic, Eye Movement Desensitization and Restructuring (EMDR), Internal Family Systems (IFS), Motivational Interviewing, and Positive Psychology.
“In order to be irreplaceable, one must always be different.” -Coco Chanel We all have different life experiences, beliefs, values, strengths, challenges, obstacles, levels of support, etc. I utilize an integrative approach that allows me to work with you to tailor treatment to meet your unique needs. Therapeutic techniques can be integrated from Solution-Focused, Strengths-Based, Culturally Sensitive, Cognitive Behavioral, Acceptance and Commitment, Psychodynamic, Eye Movement Desensitization and Restructuring (EMDR), Internal Family Systems (IFS), Motivational Interviewing, and Positive Psychology.
(614) 963-3963 View (614) 963-3963

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Columbus, OH

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Columbus, OH who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
72% Trauma and PTSD
71% Self Esteem
68% Relationship Issues
65% Coping Skills
62% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
76% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
68% Optum

How Therapists in Columbus, OH see their clients

61% In Person and Online
39% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Columbus?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.