Therapists in Los Alamitos, CA

Photo of James A Gould, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Alamitos, CA
James A Gould
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Los Alamitos, CA 90720
Are you struggling with Anxiety, Depression, Grief or Relationship issues? Is your teen struggling with anxiety, depression and/or having behavioral issues?
Are you struggling with Anxiety, Depression, Grief or Relationship issues? Is your teen struggling with anxiety, depression and/or having behavioral issues?
(657) 837-5979 View (657) 837-5979
Photo of Christine M. Lustig Ortiz, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Alamitos, CA
Christine M. Lustig Ortiz, MA, MFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Alamitos, CA 90720  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are you considering therapy for personal and relational growth, or for life transitions? Life’s ups and downs can pile up sometimes, and therapy may assist you with realizing your strengths to overcome challenges, and help you to cope, heal, and develop insight and awareness into your next steps in life. Together, we can help get you there. Our work may include facilitating new ways of thinking, feeling, and doing that can lead to greater communication and connection. You can have a renewed sense of compassion and empathy for yourself and others. You can practice living a happier life with more ease.
Are you considering therapy for personal and relational growth, or for life transitions? Life’s ups and downs can pile up sometimes, and therapy may assist you with realizing your strengths to overcome challenges, and help you to cope, heal, and develop insight and awareness into your next steps in life. Together, we can help get you there. Our work may include facilitating new ways of thinking, feeling, and doing that can lead to greater communication and connection. You can have a renewed sense of compassion and empathy for yourself and others. You can practice living a happier life with more ease.
(562) 340-7435 View (562) 340-7435
Photo of Monique Valle, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Los Alamitos, CA
Monique Valle
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, AMFT, QTAP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Los Alamitos, CA 90720  (Online Only)
Are you a highly sensitive teen, young adult, or in a relationship interested in exploring your identity in a neurodiverse-affirming space? If you're on a quest to understand your distinct self, navigate the complexities of your relationships, & find your place in a diverse world, you've discovered a compassionate companion. My practice is a haven for those who experience the world intensely, offering a nurturing environment to explore & honor your sensitivities, & intricacies. Together, we'll focus on building resilience, enhancing communication, & fostering authentic living, empowering you to embrace and celebrate your true self.
Are you a highly sensitive teen, young adult, or in a relationship interested in exploring your identity in a neurodiverse-affirming space? If you're on a quest to understand your distinct self, navigate the complexities of your relationships, & find your place in a diverse world, you've discovered a compassionate companion. My practice is a haven for those who experience the world intensely, offering a nurturing environment to explore & honor your sensitivities, & intricacies. Together, we'll focus on building resilience, enhancing communication, & fostering authentic living, empowering you to embrace and celebrate your true self.
(657) 214-7088 View (657) 214-7088
Photo of Jill S Grenda, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Alamitos, CA
Jill S Grenda
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Alamitos, CA 90720
Perhaps you are struggling with anxious or depressing feelings. You may have been hurt by others or encountered painful life circumstances that have led to being overwhelmed by the stressors of life. The process of therapy assists with finding the words for one's thoughts and feelings that may have been eluding you. Therapy is a place to know oneself and to be known by another. The process can result in an increased understanding of your actions and choices along with a place to work through emotional injuries. The result can be a higher level of personal satisfaction and an increased ability to handle life.
Perhaps you are struggling with anxious or depressing feelings. You may have been hurt by others or encountered painful life circumstances that have led to being overwhelmed by the stressors of life. The process of therapy assists with finding the words for one's thoughts and feelings that may have been eluding you. Therapy is a place to know oneself and to be known by another. The process can result in an increased understanding of your actions and choices along with a place to work through emotional injuries. The result can be a higher level of personal satisfaction and an increased ability to handle life.
(714) 989-6929 View (714) 989-6929
Photo of Yoshika Sincock, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Alamitos, CA
Yoshika Sincock
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Alamitos, CA 90720
We all have hardship and emotional distress. In such times, it can be difficult to go through it alone. Facing these challenges with someone who guides and supports in a thoughtful way, can help to find deeper understanding. Psychotherapy is a collaborative process. Once a safe environment is provided, people find strength to realize their possibilities and discover their own solutions. One of the important goals of therapy is to activate your capacity for healing from within.
We all have hardship and emotional distress. In such times, it can be difficult to go through it alone. Facing these challenges with someone who guides and supports in a thoughtful way, can help to find deeper understanding. Psychotherapy is a collaborative process. Once a safe environment is provided, people find strength to realize their possibilities and discover their own solutions. One of the important goals of therapy is to activate your capacity for healing from within.
(562) 203-3241 View (562) 203-3241
Photo of Kristy Burns Scarlett, Psychologist in Los Alamitos, CA
Kristy Burns Scarlett
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Alamitos, CA 90720
My work focuses on emotional and personal development, where there is space to feel, explore, find insight, and confront challenges. I have special interests in highly sensitive people (HSP) work, couples work, trauma, biracial concerns, and anxiety. I believe therapy is about building a stronger sense of self through empathy, insight and symptom relief. I will be there to provide understanding, support and a different view of the problem that makes progress attainable and installs hope. Therapy provides an opportunity to grow as a person, get through personal struggles including mental illness, and strengthen relationships.
My work focuses on emotional and personal development, where there is space to feel, explore, find insight, and confront challenges. I have special interests in highly sensitive people (HSP) work, couples work, trauma, biracial concerns, and anxiety. I believe therapy is about building a stronger sense of self through empathy, insight and symptom relief. I will be there to provide understanding, support and a different view of the problem that makes progress attainable and installs hope. Therapy provides an opportunity to grow as a person, get through personal struggles including mental illness, and strengthen relationships.
(909) 764-3796 View (909) 764-3796
Photo of Souraya Matar, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Alamitos, CA
Souraya Matar
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Alamitos, CA 90720
A few years ago I read a joke: "Fish don't know they're in the water". The scenario is that Fish Number One asks Fish Number Two, "How's the water?" Fish Number Two responds, "What the hell is water?". The fish who is "in" the situation (hence the water) does not even realize its surrounding. What surrounds you is only normal because it's what you know. I got another one that I recently came across: "We don't see things as they are, we see them as we are." This, references to dream analysis but it basically mean that our preconceptions can dramatically alter the way we perceive the world. (Quote by writer Anais Nin).
A few years ago I read a joke: "Fish don't know they're in the water". The scenario is that Fish Number One asks Fish Number Two, "How's the water?" Fish Number Two responds, "What the hell is water?". The fish who is "in" the situation (hence the water) does not even realize its surrounding. What surrounds you is only normal because it's what you know. I got another one that I recently came across: "We don't see things as they are, we see them as we are." This, references to dream analysis but it basically mean that our preconceptions can dramatically alter the way we perceive the world. (Quote by writer Anais Nin).
(657) 226-1180 View (657) 226-1180
Photo of Kate O'Shaughnessy Nulty, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Alamitos, CA
Kate O'Shaughnessy Nulty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Alamitos, CA 90720
Healing cannot occur in isolation and as your therapist I will support and guide you on your path. I am a Holistic Psychotherapist in private practice for over 15 years. I was classically trained in psychoanalytic psychotherapy but my style has evolved over the years to be more humanistic and includes various treatment modalities including Somatic Experiencing.I have a special affinity for working with adults who have survived childhood trauma including sexual abuse, physical abuse and developmental trauma. My practice also focuses on supporting women in their journey through motherhood, mood disorders, and relational therapy
Healing cannot occur in isolation and as your therapist I will support and guide you on your path. I am a Holistic Psychotherapist in private practice for over 15 years. I was classically trained in psychoanalytic psychotherapy but my style has evolved over the years to be more humanistic and includes various treatment modalities including Somatic Experiencing.I have a special affinity for working with adults who have survived childhood trauma including sexual abuse, physical abuse and developmental trauma. My practice also focuses on supporting women in their journey through motherhood, mood disorders, and relational therapy
(562) 513-6676 View (562) 513-6676
Photo of Leah Southwick, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Alamitos, CA
Leah Southwick
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Alamitos, CA 90720
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, specializing in children, adolescents, individuals, and families. I have been licensed for 14 years. I just celebrated my 17 year wedding anniversary. I have an 11 year old and a 14 year old. Mood disorders, ADHD, addiction and autism run in our families. I went to UCLA undergrad and graduated Magna Cum Laude. I went to CIIS in San Francisco to get my Masters in Counseling Psychology. I believe in meeting people where they are at, building on their strengths and working collaboratively. I continue to work on myself, learn new skills and I look forward to working with you.
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, specializing in children, adolescents, individuals, and families. I have been licensed for 14 years. I just celebrated my 17 year wedding anniversary. I have an 11 year old and a 14 year old. Mood disorders, ADHD, addiction and autism run in our families. I went to UCLA undergrad and graduated Magna Cum Laude. I went to CIIS in San Francisco to get my Masters in Counseling Psychology. I believe in meeting people where they are at, building on their strengths and working collaboratively. I continue to work on myself, learn new skills and I look forward to working with you.
(424) 532-8579 View (424) 532-8579
Photo of Nina R Barlevy, Psychologist in Los Alamitos, CA
Nina R Barlevy
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Los Alamitos, CA 90720
I love working with individual children, adolescents, and adults to improve their overall happiness and well-being. I have had great success treating anxiety, depression, bipolar disorders, OCD, and problems with grief and adjustment to other life stressors.
I love working with individual children, adolescents, and adults to improve their overall happiness and well-being. I have had great success treating anxiety, depression, bipolar disorders, OCD, and problems with grief and adjustment to other life stressors.
(562) 276-2751 View (562) 276-2751
Photo of Angela Perez Bell, Pre-Licensed Professional in Los Alamitos, CA
Angela Perez Bell
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Alamitos, CA 90720  (Online Only)
I'm a therapist that will utilize Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing-E.M.D.R., Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Dialectical Behavior Therapy while pulling from a Psychodynamic modality with a Christian faith-based foundation to achieve your desired goals. I will come alongside you in your journey, assisting you in figuring out what issues have got you stuck. I will challenge you to dig deep and explore your past, present or future fears. Together we will identify your negative beliefs, unpack the events around these beliefs & heal from them. Allowing you to show up as a more resilient version of yourself.
I'm a therapist that will utilize Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing-E.M.D.R., Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Dialectical Behavior Therapy while pulling from a Psychodynamic modality with a Christian faith-based foundation to achieve your desired goals. I will come alongside you in your journey, assisting you in figuring out what issues have got you stuck. I will challenge you to dig deep and explore your past, present or future fears. Together we will identify your negative beliefs, unpack the events around these beliefs & heal from them. Allowing you to show up as a more resilient version of yourself.
(562) 784-5456 View (562) 784-5456
Photo of Erin M. Parker, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Alamitos, CA
Erin M. Parker
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Alamitos, CA 90720
I am honored to sit with you on your journey toward wholeness. I will provide an environment where you can exhale, and sift through the internal knots you are experiencing. I commit to providing a nonjudgmental and compassionate presence. Whether we go back into past events or work on the present, it is my privilege to accompany and guide you in this pursuit of self awareness.
I am honored to sit with you on your journey toward wholeness. I will provide an environment where you can exhale, and sift through the internal knots you are experiencing. I commit to providing a nonjudgmental and compassionate presence. Whether we go back into past events or work on the present, it is my privilege to accompany and guide you in this pursuit of self awareness.
(714) 709-2937 View (714) 709-2937
Photo of Stephanie Archinas-Murphin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Alamitos, CA
Stephanie Archinas-Murphin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Alamitos, CA 90720
Do you struggle with co-parenting and find it difficult to communicate with the other parent and worry about how it affects your child? Do you wish to support your “big feelings” child but find it hard not to have “big feelings” yourself? As an adult child, do you wish to build a better relationship with your parent but struggle on how to make yourself feel heard? I can help. I help parents communicate with their co-parent without getting caught up in a cycle and focus on what matters the most- your child. I help families listen and hear each other and instead of “blowing up”, build empathy and closeness instead.
Do you struggle with co-parenting and find it difficult to communicate with the other parent and worry about how it affects your child? Do you wish to support your “big feelings” child but find it hard not to have “big feelings” yourself? As an adult child, do you wish to build a better relationship with your parent but struggle on how to make yourself feel heard? I can help. I help parents communicate with their co-parent without getting caught up in a cycle and focus on what matters the most- your child. I help families listen and hear each other and instead of “blowing up”, build empathy and closeness instead.
(310) 919-0675 View (310) 919-0675
Photo of Audrey Malone, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Alamitos, CA
Audrey Malone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Alamitos, CA 90720
Are you are a parent struggling with a child? Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed or lost? Maybe you are in a relationship that feels broken and you want to find healing, but don't know where to begin? Is your past keeping you burdened? It might feel like you have tried everything and have not made progress. Together, we will guide you back towards rediscovering a purposeful existence. My goal is to help you feel calm and a sense of relief by reducing your symptoms as quickly as possible. I will tailor your treatment so we can achieve your goals and meet your specific needs.
Are you are a parent struggling with a child? Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed or lost? Maybe you are in a relationship that feels broken and you want to find healing, but don't know where to begin? Is your past keeping you burdened? It might feel like you have tried everything and have not made progress. Together, we will guide you back towards rediscovering a purposeful existence. My goal is to help you feel calm and a sense of relief by reducing your symptoms as quickly as possible. I will tailor your treatment so we can achieve your goals and meet your specific needs.
(562) 203-0623 View (562) 203-0623
Photo of Jamie Lesser, Psychologist in Los Alamitos, CA
Jamie Lesser
Psychologist, PsyD, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Los Alamitos, CA 90720
I am a licensed psychologist who specializes in individually-tailored evidence-based treatment. I have formal training in CBT and DBT, as well as specialized training in ACT. I have completed specialized training through PSI to treat perinatal mood disorders. I provide support for those struggling with infertility, pregnancy loss, and difficulties related to pregnancy and postpartum. I assist with developing a postpartum plan during pregnancy to reduce factors that contribute to postpartum anxiety, depression, and OCD.
I am a licensed psychologist who specializes in individually-tailored evidence-based treatment. I have formal training in CBT and DBT, as well as specialized training in ACT. I have completed specialized training through PSI to treat perinatal mood disorders. I provide support for those struggling with infertility, pregnancy loss, and difficulties related to pregnancy and postpartum. I assist with developing a postpartum plan during pregnancy to reduce factors that contribute to postpartum anxiety, depression, and OCD.
(657) 216-6992 View (657) 216-6992
Photo of Nova Mental Health, Psychologist in Los Alamitos, CA
Nova Mental Health
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Los Alamitos, CA 90720  (Online Only)
The twists and turns of life come at us pretty quickly sometimes, if you prefer guided work mixed with compassionate processing for anxiety, ADHD and parenting support, I would love to help you understand yourself and figure out how we can work through the challenges together.
The twists and turns of life come at us pretty quickly sometimes, if you prefer guided work mixed with compassionate processing for anxiety, ADHD and parenting support, I would love to help you understand yourself and figure out how we can work through the challenges together.
(562) 568-7511 View (562) 568-7511
Photo of Susana Prego, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Alamitos, CA
Susana Prego
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Alamitos, CA 90720
Not accepting new clients
I am a bilingual Spanish-Speaking Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 8 year of experience working with children, teens, adults, families, and couples. I specialize in assisting individuals to overcome depression, anxiety, traumatic experiences and major life transitions such as moving, grief and loss, a career change, and starting and/or ending relationships.
I am a bilingual Spanish-Speaking Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 8 year of experience working with children, teens, adults, families, and couples. I specialize in assisting individuals to overcome depression, anxiety, traumatic experiences and major life transitions such as moving, grief and loss, a career change, and starting and/or ending relationships.
(562) 501-4588 View (562) 501-4588
Photo of Fei Yang, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Los Alamitos, CA
Fei Yang
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Los Alamitos, CA 90720
Relationships with our loved ones and with ourselves can be complicated. Do you struggle with effective communication and setting boundaries with your family? Do you feel lonely and not seen in your intimate relationships? Do you ever feel conflicted within yourself about going after what you really want? I understand how hard it can be to change relational dynamics and how powerless you might feel at times. Yet, I see your grit - you’re right here, digging for answers, and that means a lot to me. So, props to you for making moves and shaking things up in your life!
Relationships with our loved ones and with ourselves can be complicated. Do you struggle with effective communication and setting boundaries with your family? Do you feel lonely and not seen in your intimate relationships? Do you ever feel conflicted within yourself about going after what you really want? I understand how hard it can be to change relational dynamics and how powerless you might feel at times. Yet, I see your grit - you’re right here, digging for answers, and that means a lot to me. So, props to you for making moves and shaking things up in your life!
(626) 270-9400 View (626) 270-9400
Photo of Irene Su, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Los Alamitos, CA
Irene Su
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Los Alamitos, CA 90720
Hello, I'm Irene. Navigating life's intricate layers of complexity can be challenging. However, prioritizing our mental well-being can pave the way for a smoother journey, fostering resilience and overall wellness. Attaining happiness begins with finding inner harmony. Drawing from my background and training, I believe in a person-centered approach to mental health, where individuals are empowered to untangle the knots of their lives. Through therapy, I strive to help people confront and overcome trauma, navigate life transitions, and address challenges. Reach out and that moment of change is already happening.
Hello, I'm Irene. Navigating life's intricate layers of complexity can be challenging. However, prioritizing our mental well-being can pave the way for a smoother journey, fostering resilience and overall wellness. Attaining happiness begins with finding inner harmony. Drawing from my background and training, I believe in a person-centered approach to mental health, where individuals are empowered to untangle the knots of their lives. Through therapy, I strive to help people confront and overcome trauma, navigate life transitions, and address challenges. Reach out and that moment of change is already happening.
(562) 662-3364 View (562) 662-3364
Photo of Marcella Briceno, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Alamitos, CA
Marcella Briceno
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Alamitos, CA 90720
My focus as a therapist is to help others on their journey to self-improvement and symptom reduction. I have extensive experience treating anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, grief/loss, life transitions, parenting, and relationship challenges. I have a strong background in trauma related issues and can incorporate EMDR into treatment. The primary framework from which I operate is based on Attachment Theory. This framework helps to analyze the way we relate and connect to others, since our primary relationships play a vital role to the way we view the world.
My focus as a therapist is to help others on their journey to self-improvement and symptom reduction. I have extensive experience treating anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, grief/loss, life transitions, parenting, and relationship challenges. I have a strong background in trauma related issues and can incorporate EMDR into treatment. The primary framework from which I operate is based on Attachment Theory. This framework helps to analyze the way we relate and connect to others, since our primary relationships play a vital role to the way we view the world.
(657) 530-5688 View (657) 530-5688

See more therapy options for Los Alamitos

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Los Alamitos, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$165

Therapists in Los Alamitos, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
93% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
72% Grief
64% Parenting

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

46% Cigna and Evernorth
43% Optum
42% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Los Alamitos, CA see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
21% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Los Alamitos?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.