Therapists in Bloomington, IN

Photo of C Jessica Hersch, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bloomington, IN
C Jessica Hersch
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCSW, ACSW, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47404
The challenges you face may be overwhelming at times, and with over 40 years of experience as a psychotherapist, I hope I can join with you to overcome life's difficulties. Clients need someone to listen and understand what their goals are and use the best available research to meet those goals. My years of experience as a Director of a County Mental Health Center included working with mood disorders, children and adults, marriage & family issues, and trauma. I look forward to using my experience as a therapist, professor and trainer to hear you and meet your needs.
The challenges you face may be overwhelming at times, and with over 40 years of experience as a psychotherapist, I hope I can join with you to overcome life's difficulties. Clients need someone to listen and understand what their goals are and use the best available research to meet those goals. My years of experience as a Director of a County Mental Health Center included working with mood disorders, children and adults, marriage & family issues, and trauma. I look forward to using my experience as a therapist, professor and trainer to hear you and meet your needs.
(812) 496-3255 View (812) 496-3255
Photo of Amanda Lynne Quinby, Psychologist in Bloomington, IN
Amanda Lynne Quinby
Psychologist, PhD, HSPP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bloomington, IN 47404  (Online Only)
I work with professionals in their 30s and 40s who identify as ambitious achievers and yet feel stuck in the overwhelm of life transitions, such as considering a job or career change, getting a divorce, or moving to a new area. I also work with individuals who identify as being analytical, meaning that they often analyze or try to better understand themselves, find themselves more in touch with their thoughts than their feelings, and think and process information quickly.
I work with professionals in their 30s and 40s who identify as ambitious achievers and yet feel stuck in the overwhelm of life transitions, such as considering a job or career change, getting a divorce, or moving to a new area. I also work with individuals who identify as being analytical, meaning that they often analyze or try to better understand themselves, find themselves more in touch with their thoughts than their feelings, and think and process information quickly.
(812) 496-0589 View (812) 496-0589
Photo of The Highlands Psychology Group, Psychologist in Bloomington, IN
The Highlands Psychology Group
Psychologist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bloomington, IN 47408
We are accepting new clients! We are a dedicated group of mental health therapists who provide the highest level of services. We have decades of experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. Our main focus is the care of our clients. We take our time to truly understand what you are experiencing. Through this process, we will also work to help you to notice your feelings and reactions, develop your voice, and when appropriate, share this with key people in your life.
We are accepting new clients! We are a dedicated group of mental health therapists who provide the highest level of services. We have decades of experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. Our main focus is the care of our clients. We take our time to truly understand what you are experiencing. Through this process, we will also work to help you to notice your feelings and reactions, develop your voice, and when appropriate, share this with key people in your life.
(812) 871-4018 View (812) 871-4018
Photo of Melodie Martini, Counselor in Bloomington, IN
Melodie Martini
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47405
I am looking for a client who is motivated to make changes, may be struggling with depression or anxiety, or may even have some trauma that needs to be addressed. The ideal client would be ready to take the needed steps to make progress.
I am looking for a client who is motivated to make changes, may be struggling with depression or anxiety, or may even have some trauma that needs to be addressed. The ideal client would be ready to take the needed steps to make progress.
(463) 220-0193 View (463) 220-0193
Photo of Tommi Vernon, Counselor in Bloomington, IN
Tommi Vernon
Counselor, LMHC, LAC, ATR
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47404
Waitlist for new clients
From an early age, you begin to develop methods for coping with your world. Eventually, you may find these methods are no longer serving you and, in truth, are undermining the relationship you have with yourself and others. Perhaps old ways of coping are not working for current situations and are worsening your own suffering. Or maybe this is the first time you are going through a specific situation, and you are at a loss for how to get through it. Let’s find a way through it, together. I will help you evolve your coping methods to better serve you because they fit your current life and current situation.
From an early age, you begin to develop methods for coping with your world. Eventually, you may find these methods are no longer serving you and, in truth, are undermining the relationship you have with yourself and others. Perhaps old ways of coping are not working for current situations and are worsening your own suffering. Or maybe this is the first time you are going through a specific situation, and you are at a loss for how to get through it. Let’s find a way through it, together. I will help you evolve your coping methods to better serve you because they fit your current life and current situation.
(812) 398-8376 View (812) 398-8376
Photo of Gilbert R Marsh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bloomington, IN
Gilbert R Marsh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47401
People are often not aware of all the factors affecting their emotions and behavior because they reside at the unconscious level outside of our awareness. These unconscious issues may cause physical symptoms, emotional pain and frustration, or problems in working and relating. The unconscious mind cannot be dealt with directly by reading, journaling, self help advice, or well intentioned suggestions from family or friends. Medication alone and quick-fix therapy are usually inadequate.
People are often not aware of all the factors affecting their emotions and behavior because they reside at the unconscious level outside of our awareness. These unconscious issues may cause physical symptoms, emotional pain and frustration, or problems in working and relating. The unconscious mind cannot be dealt with directly by reading, journaling, self help advice, or well intentioned suggestions from family or friends. Medication alone and quick-fix therapy are usually inadequate.
(314) 227-9723 View (314) 227-9723
Photo of Linda F Brown, Psychologist in Bloomington, IN
Linda F Brown
Psychologist, PhD, HSPP
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47404
Waitlist for new clients
My clinical practice is devoted to working exclusively with people looking for support with the stress of chronic illness or cancer. Nearly everyone facing chronic illness or cancer can use extra support at times to navigate the challenges. Seeing this to be so, I have been inspired to devote my practice of psychotherapy to providing that support in a compassionate manner to adults throughout Indiana. I have experience and special training to help with illnesses such as cancer, Long COVID, epilepsy, fibromyalgia, ME/CFS, lupus, functional neurological disorder (conversion disorder), and epilepsy (both neurologic and psychogenic).
My clinical practice is devoted to working exclusively with people looking for support with the stress of chronic illness or cancer. Nearly everyone facing chronic illness or cancer can use extra support at times to navigate the challenges. Seeing this to be so, I have been inspired to devote my practice of psychotherapy to providing that support in a compassionate manner to adults throughout Indiana. I have experience and special training to help with illnesses such as cancer, Long COVID, epilepsy, fibromyalgia, ME/CFS, lupus, functional neurological disorder (conversion disorder), and epilepsy (both neurologic and psychogenic).
(812) 302-0561 View (812) 302-0561
Photo of Sean Abraham, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bloomington, IN
Sean Abraham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47401  (Online Only)
My name is Sean Abraham and I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Indiana with a Bachelor’s and a Master’s degree in Social Work from Indiana University Bloomington. I have been in the field of social work and therapy for 4 years working with people to solve real problems in their lives. My experience includes working with those who have struggled with substance use, depression, anxiety, loss, communication problems, student life, as well as other mental health concerns. I enjoy being able to work one on one with individuals and witness the life changing journeys that everyone is capable of.
My name is Sean Abraham and I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Indiana with a Bachelor’s and a Master’s degree in Social Work from Indiana University Bloomington. I have been in the field of social work and therapy for 4 years working with people to solve real problems in their lives. My experience includes working with those who have struggled with substance use, depression, anxiety, loss, communication problems, student life, as well as other mental health concerns. I enjoy being able to work one on one with individuals and witness the life changing journeys that everyone is capable of.
(317) 647-1323 View (317) 647-1323
Photo of Daniel Patrick Versweyveld, Counselor in Bloomington, IN
Daniel Patrick Versweyveld
Counselor, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47403
I am an existential-humanistic counselor, meaning that I am here to support my clients as they navigate a world that for lots of people can be alienating, isolating and dehumanizing. It is my hope that through meaningful connection is it possible to gain resilience and experience liberation from patterns that no longer serve us.
I am an existential-humanistic counselor, meaning that I am here to support my clients as they navigate a world that for lots of people can be alienating, isolating and dehumanizing. It is my hope that through meaningful connection is it possible to gain resilience and experience liberation from patterns that no longer serve us.
(812) 505-3145 View (812) 505-3145
Photo of Brittany Sperka, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bloomington, IN
Brittany Sperka
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47405
I appreciate someone with an open heart and a willingness to explore their inner self. I value individuals who are ready to engage and connect in meaningful conversations. I know it can be hard to take the first step for help, and look for someone who is committed to their own growth and willing to collaborate in their goals. Trust, honesty, and a desire to change create a supportive connecting environment where healing and transformation can take place.
I appreciate someone with an open heart and a willingness to explore their inner self. I value individuals who are ready to engage and connect in meaningful conversations. I know it can be hard to take the first step for help, and look for someone who is committed to their own growth and willing to collaborate in their goals. Trust, honesty, and a desire to change create a supportive connecting environment where healing and transformation can take place.
(463) 241-6650 View (463) 241-6650
Photo of Kelley Havill, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bloomington, IN
Kelley Havill
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LMHC
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47401
Not accepting new clients
~I am currently not accepting new clients~ Considering therapy is a courageous step to take, as it often seems easier to avoid what is uncomfortable than to face it. It is important that we develop a safe, trusting, and comfortable relationship as the foundation to address the issues that brought you in. I have 22 years of experience working with children, adolescents, families, and adults. My treatment approach is guided by family systems, insight-oriented, and attachment theories.
~I am currently not accepting new clients~ Considering therapy is a courageous step to take, as it often seems easier to avoid what is uncomfortable than to face it. It is important that we develop a safe, trusting, and comfortable relationship as the foundation to address the issues that brought you in. I have 22 years of experience working with children, adolescents, families, and adults. My treatment approach is guided by family systems, insight-oriented, and attachment theories.
(812) 652-4593 View (812) 652-4593
Photo of Teresa R. Foster Counseling and Coaching, L.L.C., Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bloomington, IN
Teresa R. Foster Counseling and Coaching, L.L.C.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR , MCPC
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47404  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
If you are struggling with sad feelings, wanting to feel less anxious or making dramatic changes in your life, or improve relationships, I can help. Together we can work through the tough stuff so you can start living a life closer to your dreams, one more in line with your personal goals and values. And I will be there every step of the way! Are you ready to make changes? We can work together via therapy where we review your past moving forward or via life coaching where we set up an action plan and help you find motivation within to accomplish your goals! Packages available for coaching!
If you are struggling with sad feelings, wanting to feel less anxious or making dramatic changes in your life, or improve relationships, I can help. Together we can work through the tough stuff so you can start living a life closer to your dreams, one more in line with your personal goals and values. And I will be there every step of the way! Are you ready to make changes? We can work together via therapy where we review your past moving forward or via life coaching where we set up an action plan and help you find motivation within to accomplish your goals! Packages available for coaching!
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Photo of Rebecca Austin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bloomington, IN
Rebecca Austin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47405
I am a Licensed Social Worker with a passion for decreasing the stigma surrounding mental health and promoting the health and well being of my clients. For my undergraduate degree, I moved from Central Jersey (Yes! It exists!) to South Jersey to attend Stockton University. I received a Bachelor of Science Degree in Social Work with a Minor in Behavioral Neuroscience from Stockton, and then moved on to attend graduate school in Philadelphia. I received my Master of Social Work Degree with a clinical concentration from the University of Pennsylvania’s School of Social Policy and Practice in May of 2020.
I am a Licensed Social Worker with a passion for decreasing the stigma surrounding mental health and promoting the health and well being of my clients. For my undergraduate degree, I moved from Central Jersey (Yes! It exists!) to South Jersey to attend Stockton University. I received a Bachelor of Science Degree in Social Work with a Minor in Behavioral Neuroscience from Stockton, and then moved on to attend graduate school in Philadelphia. I received my Master of Social Work Degree with a clinical concentration from the University of Pennsylvania’s School of Social Policy and Practice in May of 2020.
(463) 583-2931 View (463) 583-2931
Photo of Cheryl Wallen, Counselor in Bloomington, IN
Cheryl Wallen
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47401  (Online Only)
Hi there, I'm Cheryl, Do you feel pulled in a million directions, unable to fit it all in? Are you struggling to keep up with your relationships, work and health? Is it hard to be kind to yourself? I help manage depression, anxiety, and stress. Together, we can identify what's not working and get you back to balance. We'll use a whole self approach, addressing the needs of your mind, body and spirit. I also integrate mindfulness, CBT and person-centered to help you develop a stronger relationship with yourself.
Hi there, I'm Cheryl, Do you feel pulled in a million directions, unable to fit it all in? Are you struggling to keep up with your relationships, work and health? Is it hard to be kind to yourself? I help manage depression, anxiety, and stress. Together, we can identify what's not working and get you back to balance. We'll use a whole self approach, addressing the needs of your mind, body and spirit. I also integrate mindfulness, CBT and person-centered to help you develop a stronger relationship with yourself.
(812) 416-4468 View (812) 416-4468
Photo of Dr. Hannah Armbrust in Bloomington, IN
Dr. Hannah Armbrust
PhD, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47401  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) and a Jungian-oriented therapist. My approach is strength-based, integrative, flexible, and holistic. I tailor the therapy sessions to the needs of my clients rather than following a single theoretical model. I have a Ph.D. in psychology and an LMHC in Indiana. I love being a therapist because seeing people flourish and become their most authentic selves is meaningful. When you feel ready for your therapeutic journey, please reach out, and let's start! You can visit my website, Soul Insight Counseling Services, in Bloomington and schedule your first session or a free consultation.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) and a Jungian-oriented therapist. My approach is strength-based, integrative, flexible, and holistic. I tailor the therapy sessions to the needs of my clients rather than following a single theoretical model. I have a Ph.D. in psychology and an LMHC in Indiana. I love being a therapist because seeing people flourish and become their most authentic selves is meaningful. When you feel ready for your therapeutic journey, please reach out, and let's start! You can visit my website, Soul Insight Counseling Services, in Bloomington and schedule your first session or a free consultation.
(812) 415-4421 View (812) 415-4421
Photo of Gabrielle Erceg, Counselor in Bloomington, IN
Gabrielle Erceg
Counselor, LMHCA
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47401  (Online Only)
I work with a wide range of clients dealing with issues related to life transitions, relationship problems, young adult issues, depression, anxiety, borderline personality disorder, mood disorders, and more. I can help you make and maintain the changes you are striving for, explore your goals, build a commitment to your future, and take the power back in your life.
I work with a wide range of clients dealing with issues related to life transitions, relationship problems, young adult issues, depression, anxiety, borderline personality disorder, mood disorders, and more. I can help you make and maintain the changes you are striving for, explore your goals, build a commitment to your future, and take the power back in your life.
(812) 308-4278 View (812) 308-4278
Photo of Nicole Love, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bloomington, IN
Nicole Love
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Bloomington, IN 47403  (Online Only)
Do you take responsibility for other people's emotions and ignore your own needs? Are you feeling stressed, drained, and stuck? I help overwhelmed millennial high achievers, people pleasers, and perfectionists manage anxiety and so you can start to feel good about yourself again. You and I will take time to meet the needs of the parts of you that feel not good enough and overworked.
Do you take responsibility for other people's emotions and ignore your own needs? Are you feeling stressed, drained, and stuck? I help overwhelmed millennial high achievers, people pleasers, and perfectionists manage anxiety and so you can start to feel good about yourself again. You and I will take time to meet the needs of the parts of you that feel not good enough and overworked.
(812) 968-1281 View (812) 968-1281
Photo of Sidni Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bloomington, IN
Sidni Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CYT
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47401  (Online Only)
Are you feeling overwhelmed? Dealing with anxiety or feeling as though you're always waiting for the other shoe to drop? Suffering from sexual and/or relationship issues? Maybe you're not sure where to start or you've tried therapy in the past and it wasn't a good fit. Life can be hard and you are not alone in your journey. As a licensed therapist and certified yoga instructor, I weave traditional talk therapy with mindfulness and meditation practices to offer you a multifaceted approach to therapy. Taking the first steps in your therapeutic journey can be tough. KUDOS to you for taking those steps. You're worth it!
Are you feeling overwhelmed? Dealing with anxiety or feeling as though you're always waiting for the other shoe to drop? Suffering from sexual and/or relationship issues? Maybe you're not sure where to start or you've tried therapy in the past and it wasn't a good fit. Life can be hard and you are not alone in your journey. As a licensed therapist and certified yoga instructor, I weave traditional talk therapy with mindfulness and meditation practices to offer you a multifaceted approach to therapy. Taking the first steps in your therapeutic journey can be tough. KUDOS to you for taking those steps. You're worth it!
(812) 441-4697 View (812) 441-4697
Photo of Muyskens & Toth Counseling and Consulting, Psychologist in Bloomington, IN
Muyskens & Toth Counseling and Consulting
Psychologist, PhD, HSPP
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47404
Not accepting new clients
We are creatures of habit searching for security and connectedness. Trauma and detrimental life events can easily disrupt our sense of safety leaving us feeling depressed, anxious, angry and dejected. To cope with our negative thoughts and emotions, we begin to develop behaviors and responses that feed our despondence and leave us frustrated and unsatisfied. Together we will examine how life experiences have affected your well-being and impacted beliefs and assumptions about yourself and others. This new understanding can help you make choices that lower anxious and depressive symptoms and help you feel more empowered.
We are creatures of habit searching for security and connectedness. Trauma and detrimental life events can easily disrupt our sense of safety leaving us feeling depressed, anxious, angry and dejected. To cope with our negative thoughts and emotions, we begin to develop behaviors and responses that feed our despondence and leave us frustrated and unsatisfied. Together we will examine how life experiences have affected your well-being and impacted beliefs and assumptions about yourself and others. This new understanding can help you make choices that lower anxious and depressive symptoms and help you feel more empowered.
(812) 534-1371 View (812) 534-1371
Photo of Amy Liptak, Counselor in Bloomington, IN
Amy Liptak
Counselor, MA, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bloomington, IN 47401
Waitlist for new clients
Currently accepting new clients for my waitlist, typically 3-4 week wait for intake session. I am glad you are here, it means you are taking the first step towards healing and wellness! I specialize in working with individuals with a history of childhood and adult sexual abuse, survivors of domestic violence, anxiety, and depression. I am LGBTQ+ knowledgeable and affirming, and I have a passion for working with teens and adults who are exploring their gender identity and sexual orientation, as well as those who are neurodiverse. As a former firefighter and paramedic, I also enjoy working with first responders.
Currently accepting new clients for my waitlist, typically 3-4 week wait for intake session. I am glad you are here, it means you are taking the first step towards healing and wellness! I specialize in working with individuals with a history of childhood and adult sexual abuse, survivors of domestic violence, anxiety, and depression. I am LGBTQ+ knowledgeable and affirming, and I have a passion for working with teens and adults who are exploring their gender identity and sexual orientation, as well as those who are neurodiverse. As a former firefighter and paramedic, I also enjoy working with first responders.
(317) 795-0391 View (317) 795-0391

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bloomington, IN

200+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Bloomington, IN who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
87% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
76% Trauma and PTSD
73% Coping Skills
73% Self Esteem
73% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Anthem | Elevance
80% BlueCross and BlueShield
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Bloomington, IN see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
15% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bloomington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.