Therapists in Indianapolis, IN

View neighborhoods in Indianapolis
Photo of Syreeta D Adams, LCSW, CCTP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Syreeta D Adams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46235
Not accepting new clients
Are you someone who is suffering from a traumatic experience or grieving the loss of a love one? Are you tired of feeling isolated and alone as if no one understands what you are going through? I understand that life will throw you some nasty storms and we can sometimes get very lost in these. Allow me to help you through your storms and prepare you for better days.
Are you someone who is suffering from a traumatic experience or grieving the loss of a love one? Are you tired of feeling isolated and alone as if no one understands what you are going through? I understand that life will throw you some nasty storms and we can sometimes get very lost in these. Allow me to help you through your storms and prepare you for better days.
(317) 458-9300 View (317) 458-9300
Photo of Lisa Wedow, LCMHC, Counselor
Lisa Wedow
Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240  (Online Only)
I'm Lisa Wedow, a licensed mental health counselor from NW Indiana. I grew up on a farm in a small town and have a love for animals and helping others. I am well versed in multiple stylistic approaches. However, my approach to therapy is eclectic, in that I tailor my therapeutic style to the client rather than a one size fits all methodology.
I'm Lisa Wedow, a licensed mental health counselor from NW Indiana. I grew up on a farm in a small town and have a love for animals and helping others. I am well versed in multiple stylistic approaches. However, my approach to therapy is eclectic, in that I tailor my therapeutic style to the client rather than a one size fits all methodology.
(323) 643-8569 View (323) 643-8569
Photo of Olinka Clark, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Olinka Clark
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46220  (Online Only)
My name is Olinka Clark and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Fort Wayne, IN and I enjoy working with clients statewide via telehealth. My approach to therapy varies based on the needs of each client I work with. I most frequently come from a Trauma Informe Care approach, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing, as both modalities help me and the client build a shared understanding of their reality, and allow us to work together to chart a path forward.
My name is Olinka Clark and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Fort Wayne, IN and I enjoy working with clients statewide via telehealth. My approach to therapy varies based on the needs of each client I work with. I most frequently come from a Trauma Informe Care approach, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing, as both modalities help me and the client build a shared understanding of their reality, and allow us to work together to chart a path forward.
(323) 643-8569 View (323) 643-8569
Photo of Erica Kane, PsyD, HSPP, Psychologist
Erica Kane
Psychologist, PsyD, HSPP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46237  (Online Only)
I am a very down to earth, “let’s get real” type of human and trauma therapist. I work with clients ages 15+ to overcome thoughts, behaviors and feelings related to trauma from experiencing physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, financial, infidelity, and military trauma among others. My style tends to be very real. I don’t shy away from anger, cursing, or sensitive subjects. I believe therapy sessions make more progress if we have a great rapport so that you can be your authentic self without feeling like you have to sensor yourself. I specialize in EMDR, prolonged exposure, narrative, and other trauma-specific therapies.
I am a very down to earth, “let’s get real” type of human and trauma therapist. I work with clients ages 15+ to overcome thoughts, behaviors and feelings related to trauma from experiencing physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, financial, infidelity, and military trauma among others. My style tends to be very real. I don’t shy away from anger, cursing, or sensitive subjects. I believe therapy sessions make more progress if we have a great rapport so that you can be your authentic self without feeling like you have to sensor yourself. I specialize in EMDR, prolonged exposure, narrative, and other trauma-specific therapies.
(765) 253-5278 View (765) 253-5278
Photo of Stephanie Burkus, MSW, LCSW, CSTS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephanie Burkus
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CSTS
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46250  (Online Only)
You need a safe space to truly express yourself and work through tough emotions. Things like trauma and anxiety disrupt the nervous system, and it takes a special skill set to find your center in times of stress. I am a therapist that helps people tackle feelings of shame that often stem from dysfunctional family dynamics. If you're struggling with setting boundaries, finding balance, or navigating your mental health in general, I am here to help you work through it. LGBTQ+ affirming therapist.
You need a safe space to truly express yourself and work through tough emotions. Things like trauma and anxiety disrupt the nervous system, and it takes a special skill set to find your center in times of stress. I am a therapist that helps people tackle feelings of shame that often stem from dysfunctional family dynamics. If you're struggling with setting boundaries, finding balance, or navigating your mental health in general, I am here to help you work through it. LGBTQ+ affirming therapist.
(574) 334-7648 View (574) 334-7648
Photo of James N Linville - James N. Linville, LMHC, LLC, MA, LMHC, Counselor
James N. Linville, LMHC, LLC
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46226
If you have questioned why you are not experiencing life to the fullest, if you are struggling with depression, anxiety, addictions, compulsions or life controlling issues, or your relationships are not working as you had intended, I would love to help you find answers. I have worked with individuals, children, and adolescents, through out my career to help individuals and their families receive emotional healing. Historically, I have worked in inpatient, outpatient, substance abuse treatment centers, as well as individual outpatient settings. When you contact me I will work with you to develop a course of treatment that is best for you and your family.
If you have questioned why you are not experiencing life to the fullest, if you are struggling with depression, anxiety, addictions, compulsions or life controlling issues, or your relationships are not working as you had intended, I would love to help you find answers. I have worked with individuals, children, and adolescents, through out my career to help individuals and their families receive emotional healing. Historically, I have worked in inpatient, outpatient, substance abuse treatment centers, as well as individual outpatient settings. When you contact me I will work with you to develop a course of treatment that is best for you and your family.
(317) 653-4079 View (317) 653-4079
Photo of Laurie Elwell, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laurie Elwell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240  (Online Only)
Hi! I live in Indiana, but I graduated from the University of Illinois at Chicago with my Master of Social Work.
Hi! I live in Indiana, but I graduated from the University of Illinois at Chicago with my Master of Social Work.
(463) 293-0802 View (463) 293-0802
Photo of Jennifer Lindsey Caruana, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Lindsey Caruana
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46217
Not accepting new clients
As a therapist, my ideal client would be someone that is willing; willing to attend sessions regularly, willing to try new things, willing to engage and willing to explore their concerns. With that being said, I believe I am tasked with creating an environment that is safe for my clients to be able to show up and feel they can become vulnerable with me. Otherwise, I encourage my clients to come as they are with whatever concerns they have and we will work together to improve on their goals.
As a therapist, my ideal client would be someone that is willing; willing to attend sessions regularly, willing to try new things, willing to engage and willing to explore their concerns. With that being said, I believe I am tasked with creating an environment that is safe for my clients to be able to show up and feel they can become vulnerable with me. Otherwise, I encourage my clients to come as they are with whatever concerns they have and we will work together to improve on their goals.
(463) 220-4268 View (463) 220-4268
Photo of Maria Baldridge, LMHC, Counselor
Maria Baldridge
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46204  (Online Only)
I am a licensed mental health counselor in Indiana. I am telehealth only but am open to seeing client throughout Indiana. I have been working as a therapist since 2017 and have been working in health field for longer. I am neurospicy, yogi, dog-mom. I am familiar with chronic health issues and nerdy game culture. I love working with college students, young adult, teens and the LGBT community.
I am a licensed mental health counselor in Indiana. I am telehealth only but am open to seeing client throughout Indiana. I have been working as a therapist since 2017 and have been working in health field for longer. I am neurospicy, yogi, dog-mom. I am familiar with chronic health issues and nerdy game culture. I love working with college students, young adult, teens and the LGBT community.
(463) 255-7417 View (463) 255-7417
Photo of Phaedra Howard, LMFTA, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Phaedra Howard
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFTA
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46268
I am a resident marriage and family therapist. I've helped many individuals and couples improve how they feel about themselves and how they relate to others. Whether you're challenged by relationship problems, depression, anxiety, guilt, grief, anger, spiritual issues, trauma, PTSD, or communication challenges, I can help you with powerful techniques including Solution focused, Collaborative therapy, Attachment theory, Gottman and EFT, to name a few. I've been trained in EMDR. Importantly, I treat the whole person, including your spiritual side if desired. My goal is to help you feel better and work through life's difficulties.
I am a resident marriage and family therapist. I've helped many individuals and couples improve how they feel about themselves and how they relate to others. Whether you're challenged by relationship problems, depression, anxiety, guilt, grief, anger, spiritual issues, trauma, PTSD, or communication challenges, I can help you with powerful techniques including Solution focused, Collaborative therapy, Attachment theory, Gottman and EFT, to name a few. I've been trained in EMDR. Importantly, I treat the whole person, including your spiritual side if desired. My goal is to help you feel better and work through life's difficulties.
(765) 347-9213 View (765) 347-9213
Photo of Pamela Green, LMHC, Counselor
Pamela Green
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46204  (Online Only)
Hi, my name is Pamela Green, and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor. I believe that therapy is your journey, and I am along for the ride. I will be your personal cheerleader along the way and help guide you to where you really want to be. I want you to become the absolute best version of yourself. I specialize in helping you learn healthy coping skills to start leading a happier life. I practice Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Motivational Interviewing. I practice individual therapy for adults to help you manage stress, anxiety, depression, abuse, addiction or trauma.
Hi, my name is Pamela Green, and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor. I believe that therapy is your journey, and I am along for the ride. I will be your personal cheerleader along the way and help guide you to where you really want to be. I want you to become the absolute best version of yourself. I specialize in helping you learn healthy coping skills to start leading a happier life. I practice Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Motivational Interviewing. I practice individual therapy for adults to help you manage stress, anxiety, depression, abuse, addiction or trauma.
(765) 575-7980 View (765) 575-7980
Photo of Daniel Carey, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Daniel Carey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46204  (Online Only)
I believe the client is the expert. You know your self better than anyone. You know how you feel when life happens, you know what frustrates you and what makes you angry. You know what is upsetting and what makes you sad, and you know when something isn't right or that something is off. The problem is that sometimes you don't know why, and if you don't know why, you can't fix it. I take an approach that starts with uncovering what you believe, because so much of what you believe becomes reality whether it's through our behavior or through some kind of a self fulfilling prophecy.
I believe the client is the expert. You know your self better than anyone. You know how you feel when life happens, you know what frustrates you and what makes you angry. You know what is upsetting and what makes you sad, and you know when something isn't right or that something is off. The problem is that sometimes you don't know why, and if you don't know why, you can't fix it. I take an approach that starts with uncovering what you believe, because so much of what you believe becomes reality whether it's through our behavior or through some kind of a self fulfilling prophecy.
(317) 342-7249 View (317) 342-7249
Photo of Kristina Shannon - Open Roads Counseling, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Open Roads Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46203
Waitlist for new clients
Hello, I'm Kristina! I believe wellness has different definitions and paths for each person, and I love being a part of my clients' journey in creating, adjusting, and respecting that picture. My concept of quality therapy includes discovery, personally defined healing, creating new connections, and finding ways to take self-compassionate action. I enjoy art, media, and literature and integrate this into my work whenever possible. Clients and colleagues have described me as calm, compassionate, curious, and a bit nerdy. I embrace these identities in my role and enjoy working with a variety of communities and identities.
Hello, I'm Kristina! I believe wellness has different definitions and paths for each person, and I love being a part of my clients' journey in creating, adjusting, and respecting that picture. My concept of quality therapy includes discovery, personally defined healing, creating new connections, and finding ways to take self-compassionate action. I enjoy art, media, and literature and integrate this into my work whenever possible. Clients and colleagues have described me as calm, compassionate, curious, and a bit nerdy. I embrace these identities in my role and enjoy working with a variety of communities and identities.
(317) 548-6360 View (317) 548-6360
Photo of Tiffany Deng, LCSW, CSAYC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tiffany Deng
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAYC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46202
Waitlist for new clients
Life can often bring challenges that can seem unmanageable. This can often have people feeling overwhelmed, lonely, anxious, and vulnerable. I strive to provide a safe, non-judgmental environment where I can help support you in navigating through life’s challenges. I believe in building upon the strengths of the individuals and families I work with and to empower them in being the best version of themselves.
Life can often bring challenges that can seem unmanageable. This can often have people feeling overwhelmed, lonely, anxious, and vulnerable. I strive to provide a safe, non-judgmental environment where I can help support you in navigating through life’s challenges. I believe in building upon the strengths of the individuals and families I work with and to empower them in being the best version of themselves.
(765) 227-3662 View (765) 227-3662
Photo of Michael A Charnstrom, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michael A Charnstrom
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46222  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 7 years of experience working with adolescents and adults. I enjoy working with clients to improve communication and emotional intelligence, set and reach life goals, process and move through life’s setbacks and traumas, and work through feelings of depression, anxiety, guilt, shame, grief, loss, and stress. I am accepting new patients.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 7 years of experience working with adolescents and adults. I enjoy working with clients to improve communication and emotional intelligence, set and reach life goals, process and move through life’s setbacks and traumas, and work through feelings of depression, anxiety, guilt, shame, grief, loss, and stress. I am accepting new patients.
(463) 220-3501 View (463) 220-3501
Photo of Tiffany Anton, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tiffany Anton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46227
Is your sex life not up to par? Is your relationship in trouble & you feel disconnected? Is sex no longer pleasurable? Do medical conditions interfere with sexual functioning? Do you worry whether you're 'normal'? If you're struggling within yourself, your partnerships and/or marriage, treatment can greatly benefit your sexual life & bring you a healthier, more intimate & caring relationship. Kink Positive & Gender Affirming. Hello, I'm Tiffany & I am here to help. I assist individuals and couples in creating more intimate & fulfilling lives through psychotherapy that's compassionate, supportive & empowering. Online Therapy Solely
Is your sex life not up to par? Is your relationship in trouble & you feel disconnected? Is sex no longer pleasurable? Do medical conditions interfere with sexual functioning? Do you worry whether you're 'normal'? If you're struggling within yourself, your partnerships and/or marriage, treatment can greatly benefit your sexual life & bring you a healthier, more intimate & caring relationship. Kink Positive & Gender Affirming. Hello, I'm Tiffany & I am here to help. I assist individuals and couples in creating more intimate & fulfilling lives through psychotherapy that's compassionate, supportive & empowering. Online Therapy Solely
(463) 213-9704 View (463) 213-9704
Photo of Aimee Christian, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Aimee Christian
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240  (Online Only)
Hi! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Indiana. I received my Masters from Indiana University and have been in practice for 7 years. I help teens and young adults improve emotional regulation and resilience by enhancing coping strategies that can be applied in everyday situations. I also help teens and young adults to build stronger relationships with peers and family members.
Hi! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Indiana. I received my Masters from Indiana University and have been in practice for 7 years. I help teens and young adults improve emotional regulation and resilience by enhancing coping strategies that can be applied in everyday situations. I also help teens and young adults to build stronger relationships with peers and family members.
(463) 289-1235 View (463) 289-1235
Photo of Quamina Carter, MS, LMHC, LCAC, Counselor
Quamina Carter
Counselor, MS, LMHC, LCAC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46268
I am a licensed mental health counselor, with a background in clinical addictions, who is passionate about helping clients achieve personal and professional success. My approach to counseling includes traditional tools such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and practical strategies like mindfulness and emotional freedom techniques. I utilize values clarification to explore the challenges that come with lifestyle transitions, interpersonal relationships and personal development. I enjoy working doctoral students and rising student affairs leaders motivated to get the best out of life.
I am a licensed mental health counselor, with a background in clinical addictions, who is passionate about helping clients achieve personal and professional success. My approach to counseling includes traditional tools such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and practical strategies like mindfulness and emotional freedom techniques. I utilize values clarification to explore the challenges that come with lifestyle transitions, interpersonal relationships and personal development. I enjoy working doctoral students and rising student affairs leaders motivated to get the best out of life.
(317) 350-8761 View (317) 350-8761
Photo of Rita Davison, MA, LMHC-A, Counselor
Rita Davison
Counselor, MA, LMHC-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46220
I acknowledge the courage and vulnerability that it takes to come to therapy and share your feelings and experiences with someone you've never met before. With that said, I believe my role first and foremost is to listen and provide a safe and judgment-free space. Then, together, I aim to help you set reasonable goals that align with your mental health vision. I believe change is possible if we work collaboratively and are committed to the therapeutic process.
I acknowledge the courage and vulnerability that it takes to come to therapy and share your feelings and experiences with someone you've never met before. With that said, I believe my role first and foremost is to listen and provide a safe and judgment-free space. Then, together, I aim to help you set reasonable goals that align with your mental health vision. I believe change is possible if we work collaboratively and are committed to the therapeutic process.
(463) 348-8227 View (463) 348-8227
Photo of Jessica Smith, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46201  (Online Only)
Hi! My name is Jessica and I am originally from Atlanta, GA and attended the University of Georgia (Go Dawgs!) where I received a bachelor’s degree in Communications. I worked for several years in the nonprofit development field before deciding that I wanted to return to school part time to pursue a Masters of Social Work degree. During this time, I lived and worked in inner city Philadelphia, Washington D.C. and then did some rural social service work in Central Pennsylvania. These different experiences have impacted the way I view therapy today. I believe in a person-centered approach to therapy and meeting clients where they are.
Hi! My name is Jessica and I am originally from Atlanta, GA and attended the University of Georgia (Go Dawgs!) where I received a bachelor’s degree in Communications. I worked for several years in the nonprofit development field before deciding that I wanted to return to school part time to pursue a Masters of Social Work degree. During this time, I lived and worked in inner city Philadelphia, Washington D.C. and then did some rural social service work in Central Pennsylvania. These different experiences have impacted the way I view therapy today. I believe in a person-centered approach to therapy and meeting clients where they are.
(463) 270-4681 View (463) 270-4681
1
...

See more therapy options for Indianapolis

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Indianapolis, IN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Indianapolis, IN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
71% Trauma and PTSD
69% Self Esteem
68% Coping Skills
63% Relationship Issues
63% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% BlueCross and BlueShield
73% Aetna
64% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Indianapolis, IN see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Indianapolis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.