Therapists in Indianapolis, IN

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Photo of Barbara A. Mills, Counselor, LMHC, SEP
Barbara A. Mills
Counselor, LMHC, SEP
Indianapolis, IN 46250
Taking clients for PTSD and complex PTSD. At Sunstone Health & Wellness Barbara offers many alternative modalities, as well as traditional therapy, to support you in finding the solutions to your problems. Barbara strives to offer unique, but profound, approaches for people looking for treatment outside of traditional therapy. Somatic Experiencing, Art Therapy, EMDR, and Yoga techniques are beneficial because of their ability to reach past words and enhance talk therapy by incorporating mind, body, and spirit into your treatment.
Taking clients for PTSD and complex PTSD. At Sunstone Health & Wellness Barbara offers many alternative modalities, as well as traditional therapy, to support you in finding the solutions to your problems. Barbara strives to offer unique, but profound, approaches for people looking for treatment outside of traditional therapy. Somatic Experiencing, Art Therapy, EMDR, and Yoga techniques are beneficial because of their ability to reach past words and enhance talk therapy by incorporating mind, body, and spirit into your treatment.
(317) 653-4202 View (317) 653-4202
Photo of Darlene Graham, Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Darlene Graham
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Indianapolis, IN 46240
Hello! I'm Darlene, a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in the State of Indiana and a Certified Professional Coach with over 18 years of experience in listening to and connecting with people to help them grow, change, heal and reach personal, professional, relational, and spiritual goals. I am passionate about supporting marriages to become securely attached relationships, with increased connection, and more emotional safety. These seemingly impossible tasks can be very possible with EFCT!
Hello! I'm Darlene, a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in the State of Indiana and a Certified Professional Coach with over 18 years of experience in listening to and connecting with people to help them grow, change, heal and reach personal, professional, relational, and spiritual goals. I am passionate about supporting marriages to become securely attached relationships, with increased connection, and more emotional safety. These seemingly impossible tasks can be very possible with EFCT!
(317) 576-2030 View (317) 576-2030
Photo of Louise Walker Loving Polansky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMHC, LCAC, MA
Louise Walker Loving Polansky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMHC, LCAC, MA
Indianapolis, IN 46220
My therapeutic focus is on helping clients identify and take responsibility for addressing issues ranging from minor life adjustment problems to serious mental health conditions based in brain chemistry deficits. Licensed as a clinical social worker since 1993, I have worked in the behavioral health field since 1979 in a variety of mental health and addictions-focused settings, including inpatient/hospital, intensive outpatient, outpatient, and educational programs. I also have an LMHC and an LCAC. I consider it an honor to work with clients courageous enough to ask for and accept help in meeting life's challenges.
My therapeutic focus is on helping clients identify and take responsibility for addressing issues ranging from minor life adjustment problems to serious mental health conditions based in brain chemistry deficits. Licensed as a clinical social worker since 1993, I have worked in the behavioral health field since 1979 in a variety of mental health and addictions-focused settings, including inpatient/hospital, intensive outpatient, outpatient, and educational programs. I also have an LMHC and an LCAC. I consider it an honor to work with clients courageous enough to ask for and accept help in meeting life's challenges.
(317) 730-2039 View (317) 730-2039
Photo of Elizabeth Celie, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Elizabeth Celie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Indianapolis, IN 46260
I am a licensed clinical social worker with over twenty years of experience in counseling. I have worked with children, adolescents, and adults. I have a client centered approach and know each person entering therapy has a unique story and struggle. I provide clients with a safe, warm, nonjudgmental environment where they can establish trust and openly share their concerns.
I am a licensed clinical social worker with over twenty years of experience in counseling. I have worked with children, adolescents, and adults. I have a client centered approach and know each person entering therapy has a unique story and struggle. I provide clients with a safe, warm, nonjudgmental environment where they can establish trust and openly share their concerns.
(463) 270-7198 View (463) 270-7198
Photo of Mioandrys Rodriguez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Mioandrys Rodriguez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46268
Are you finding it hard to get out of bed, enjoy the things you once loved, or even find the motivation to eat or feel happy? Or do you simply need someone to talk to and share your thoughts without judgment? If so, I’m here to support you and help you find the spark that makes life enjoyable again. Let’s work together to find your balance and get you back to feeling like yourself again...
Are you finding it hard to get out of bed, enjoy the things you once loved, or even find the motivation to eat or feel happy? Or do you simply need someone to talk to and share your thoughts without judgment? If so, I’m here to support you and help you find the spark that makes life enjoyable again. Let’s work together to find your balance and get you back to feeling like yourself again...
(765) 577-2734 View (765) 577-2734
Photo of Molly Meier, Counselor, LMHC
Molly Meier
Counselor, LMHC
Indianapolis, IN 46220
Therapy can be a powerful and transformative journey, helping individuals connect with deeper parts of themselves. As a practicing Art Therapist and Licensed Mental Health Counselor with over 20 years of experience, I strive to create a safe, supportive, and nurturing space where clients feel empowered to process their experiences and collaboratively explore solutions. Talk Therapy, Art Therapy, Inner Child work, and Cognitive Behavioral therapy are some of the ways I provide my clients with thoughtful, compassionate, individual counseling to help bring about personal growth and change.
Therapy can be a powerful and transformative journey, helping individuals connect with deeper parts of themselves. As a practicing Art Therapist and Licensed Mental Health Counselor with over 20 years of experience, I strive to create a safe, supportive, and nurturing space where clients feel empowered to process their experiences and collaboratively explore solutions. Talk Therapy, Art Therapy, Inner Child work, and Cognitive Behavioral therapy are some of the ways I provide my clients with thoughtful, compassionate, individual counseling to help bring about personal growth and change.
(463) 348-4542 View (463) 348-4542
Photo of Mary Slowiak, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Mary Slowiak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Online Only
When we have been through difficult things, oftentimes we feel misunderstood, unheard, unsafe and hopeless. I do not believe that trauma makes us stronger; rather, I believe that there is something beautiful within us that brings us through the trauma. Trauma processing allows us to let go of negative beliefs about ourselves and the world; beliefs such as “I am not safe,” or “I am unlovable.” These beliefs can make us feel stuck; like having a rich and full life is not possible. As your therapist, I will work to empower you to accept all parts of self, allowing for peace from within that will trickle into all facets of life.
When we have been through difficult things, oftentimes we feel misunderstood, unheard, unsafe and hopeless. I do not believe that trauma makes us stronger; rather, I believe that there is something beautiful within us that brings us through the trauma. Trauma processing allows us to let go of negative beliefs about ourselves and the world; beliefs such as “I am not safe,” or “I am unlovable.” These beliefs can make us feel stuck; like having a rich and full life is not possible. As your therapist, I will work to empower you to accept all parts of self, allowing for peace from within that will trickle into all facets of life.
(463) 465-5830 View (463) 465-5830
Photo of Roger Perry - Monumental Behavioral Health, Inc, Psychologist, HSPP C
Monumental Behavioral Health, Inc
Psychologist, HSPP C
Indianapolis, IN 46219
We are a community of clinicians who value diversity, equity, and inclusion. Guided by integrity and compassion, we are dedicated to providing excellent care for every person we serve. We believe emotional well-being is the foundation for living with purpose and possibility. Our counselors walk alongside individuals, families, and communities to nurture healing, deepen self-understanding, and strengthen resilience. Together, we work toward helping you live as your best and fullest self.
We are a community of clinicians who value diversity, equity, and inclusion. Guided by integrity and compassion, we are dedicated to providing excellent care for every person we serve. We believe emotional well-being is the foundation for living with purpose and possibility. Our counselors walk alongside individuals, families, and communities to nurture healing, deepen self-understanding, and strengthen resilience. Together, we work toward helping you live as your best and fullest self.
(317) 483-8238 View (317) 483-8238
Photo of Courtney Mathews, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Courtney Mathews
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I’m an empathetic, caring therapist who creates a safe, non-judgmental space for clients to feel truly heard. I believe in providing supportive care while also helping clients hold themselves accountable, so they can move toward the life they want with clarity and confidence. Together, we can focus on growth while honoring your unique pace and needs.
I’m an empathetic, caring therapist who creates a safe, non-judgmental space for clients to feel truly heard. I believe in providing supportive care while also helping clients hold themselves accountable, so they can move toward the life they want with clarity and confidence. Together, we can focus on growth while honoring your unique pace and needs.
(765) 723-6634 View (765) 723-6634
Photo of Jason Keith Gantt, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Jason Keith Gantt
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46250
Life brings challenging seasons — whether you're dealing with anxiety, relationship issues, or just feeling stuck. I offer a safe, compassionate space where healing can begin. As both a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and an ordained minister in Indiana, I believe in walking alongside people with empathy, wisdom, and faith. I feel called by the Lord to help hurting individuals and families find hope, healing, and restoration — and I consider it a blessing to do this work.
Life brings challenging seasons — whether you're dealing with anxiety, relationship issues, or just feeling stuck. I offer a safe, compassionate space where healing can begin. As both a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and an ordained minister in Indiana, I believe in walking alongside people with empathy, wisdom, and faith. I feel called by the Lord to help hurting individuals and families find hope, healing, and restoration — and I consider it a blessing to do this work.
(317) 576-3149 View (317) 576-3149
Photo of Ranada Dalton - Empowered Living, Counselor, LMHC, MAMFT, LPC
Empowered Living
Counselor, LMHC, MAMFT, LPC
Online Only
Empowered Living Inc (ELI) counseling style is warm, empathetic, client-centered, and interactive. We believe in treating people with respect, sensitivity, compassion, and meeting them where they are. ELI strongly believe in the golden rule to treat people the way you want to be treated. We also acknowledge not every theory works for everyone, therefore your treatment plan will be tailored to meet your unique and specific goals.
Empowered Living Inc (ELI) counseling style is warm, empathetic, client-centered, and interactive. We believe in treating people with respect, sensitivity, compassion, and meeting them where they are. ELI strongly believe in the golden rule to treat people the way you want to be treated. We also acknowledge not every theory works for everyone, therefore your treatment plan will be tailored to meet your unique and specific goals.
(317) 961-7424 View (317) 961-7424
Photo of Carmen Rodriguez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Carmen Rodriguez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46240
You may be carrying the weight of anxiety, sadness, or past experiences that feel hard to put into words. Perhaps you’re seeking a safe space for your child to express big emotions or hoping to reconnect with yourself after life’s challenges. My work centers on creating a warm, nonjudgmental space where you feel truly seen and supported. Together, we’ll explore what healing looks like for you whether that means finding calm in the chaos or creating meaningful change. I’m passionate about helping individuals and families from all backgrounds access compassionate, affirming care that honors their lived experiences.
You may be carrying the weight of anxiety, sadness, or past experiences that feel hard to put into words. Perhaps you’re seeking a safe space for your child to express big emotions or hoping to reconnect with yourself after life’s challenges. My work centers on creating a warm, nonjudgmental space where you feel truly seen and supported. Together, we’ll explore what healing looks like for you whether that means finding calm in the chaos or creating meaningful change. I’m passionate about helping individuals and families from all backgrounds access compassionate, affirming care that honors their lived experiences.
(317) 530-3050 View (317) 530-3050
Photo of Andrea Nicole Link, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Andrea Nicole Link
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I’m so thankful you’re here, looking for hope and healing for yourself. The courage you are already showing tells me you’re going to overcome whatever it is that brings you here, and I’m right beside you to root for you and encourage you every step of the way. We are going to focus on your strengths and I’ll teach you tools to get through your days as you regain the peace in your journey. I enjoy working with any age group, including children, and want to welcome you into a safe space, free from judgment and full of hope…and likely some fun and laughs along the way.
I’m so thankful you’re here, looking for hope and healing for yourself. The courage you are already showing tells me you’re going to overcome whatever it is that brings you here, and I’m right beside you to root for you and encourage you every step of the way. We are going to focus on your strengths and I’ll teach you tools to get through your days as you regain the peace in your journey. I enjoy working with any age group, including children, and want to welcome you into a safe space, free from judgment and full of hope…and likely some fun and laughs along the way.
(317) 682-0936 View (317) 682-0936
Photo of Tina Williams, Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LMHC, EMDR
Tina Williams
Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LMHC, EMDR
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46208
There are many reasons that people decide to seek counseling. You may be experiencing a difficult phase of your life and want to address specific problems or concerns. Or you may want to work through deeper issues that have impacted your life for an extended period of time. Counseling can be a significant step toward making positive changes in your life. I would like to assist you with your healing journey. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, and a Registered Art Therapist. I also am an Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) trained clinician.
There are many reasons that people decide to seek counseling. You may be experiencing a difficult phase of your life and want to address specific problems or concerns. Or you may want to work through deeper issues that have impacted your life for an extended period of time. Counseling can be a significant step toward making positive changes in your life. I would like to assist you with your healing journey. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, and a Registered Art Therapist. I also am an Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) trained clinician.
(317) 886-1817 View (317) 886-1817
Photo of Bradford McClarnon, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, EdS, LMFT, LMHC, MAC
Bradford McClarnon
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, EdS, LMFT, LMHC, MAC
Indianapolis, IN 46220
As a counselor and consultant for over 20 years, I have had the privilege to work with a variety of clients in diverse settings. My licenses and certifications also reflect a diverse background and experience as a Master Addictions Counselor (MAC), Family and Marriage Therapist (LMFT), Mental Health Counselor (LMHC), Master Career Counselor (NCCC, MCC) and Employee Assistance Consultant (CEAP). The primary focus of my experience has been in family, marriage, career and substance abuse counseling. In general, I use an eclectic approach to counseling but tend to emphasize cognitive-behavioral and solution focus.
As a counselor and consultant for over 20 years, I have had the privilege to work with a variety of clients in diverse settings. My licenses and certifications also reflect a diverse background and experience as a Master Addictions Counselor (MAC), Family and Marriage Therapist (LMFT), Mental Health Counselor (LMHC), Master Career Counselor (NCCC, MCC) and Employee Assistance Consultant (CEAP). The primary focus of my experience has been in family, marriage, career and substance abuse counseling. In general, I use an eclectic approach to counseling but tend to emphasize cognitive-behavioral and solution focus.
(317) 891-5842 View (317) 891-5842
Photo of Carolyn Meiman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Carolyn Meiman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hi, I'm Carolyn, and I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Indiana. For over decade, I have had the privilege of working alongside individuals as they navigate a wide range of emotional and behavioral challenges. My clinical work focuses on issues such as anxiety, depression, OCD, hoarding, and the everyday stressors that life can bring. Regardless of what someone is facing, I strive to create a warm, supportive space where they feel genuinely safe, heard, and empowered to begin healing.
Hi, I'm Carolyn, and I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Indiana. For over decade, I have had the privilege of working alongside individuals as they navigate a wide range of emotional and behavioral challenges. My clinical work focuses on issues such as anxiety, depression, OCD, hoarding, and the everyday stressors that life can bring. Regardless of what someone is facing, I strive to create a warm, supportive space where they feel genuinely safe, heard, and empowered to begin healing.
(317) 666-8417 View (317) 666-8417
Photo of Rekeya Ford, Pre-Licensed Professional
Rekeya Ford
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Healing is not about erasing what you’ve been through, but learning how to carry it in a way that no longer controls your life. I work with individuals who are navigating anxiety, trauma, emotional overwhelm, relationship challenges, substance use, and life transitions. Many of my clients are used to being strong for others, yet feel stuck, disconnected, or overwhelmed internally. Together, we begin to slow things down, explore patterns, and gently uncover the root of what’s keeping you feeling stuck. My role is to provide a space where you can be honest, supported, and challenged in a way that leads to real, lasting change.
Healing is not about erasing what you’ve been through, but learning how to carry it in a way that no longer controls your life. I work with individuals who are navigating anxiety, trauma, emotional overwhelm, relationship challenges, substance use, and life transitions. Many of my clients are used to being strong for others, yet feel stuck, disconnected, or overwhelmed internally. Together, we begin to slow things down, explore patterns, and gently uncover the root of what’s keeping you feeling stuck. My role is to provide a space where you can be honest, supported, and challenged in a way that leads to real, lasting change.
(317) 827-7528 View (317) 827-7528
Photo of Maggie Myers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Maggie Myers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Indianapolis, IN 46237
I believe that therapy is a space for self-exploration and healing, where you uncover strengths and develop tools to navigate life’s challenges. My space is a safe and non-judgmental environment where clients can explore their feelings, build resilience, and work toward meaningful change. My goal is to support you in finding clarity, improving your emotional well-being and helping you to find healing.
I believe that therapy is a space for self-exploration and healing, where you uncover strengths and develop tools to navigate life’s challenges. My space is a safe and non-judgmental environment where clients can explore their feelings, build resilience, and work toward meaningful change. My goal is to support you in finding clarity, improving your emotional well-being and helping you to find healing.
(463) 842-1020 View (463) 842-1020
Photo of Elizabeth (Beth) J Askren, Counselor, MA, LMHC
Elizabeth (Beth) J Askren
Counselor, MA, LMHC
4 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46220
I help people who are suffering, lost in emotional distress & pain. Clients work with me to heal from emotional, sexual, & physical trauma, as well as the impact of growing up in a dysfunctional family of origin. I guide & support clients on a journey of insight, as they face emotional pain that refuses to be ignored. I see clients come out the other side with greater self-worth, grounded by confidence & security in themselves, discovering new perspectives & paths, while creating a fulfilling life in which they can thrive. Good therapy starts with genuine compassion and acceptance. These are the core values of my practice & my life.
I help people who are suffering, lost in emotional distress & pain. Clients work with me to heal from emotional, sexual, & physical trauma, as well as the impact of growing up in a dysfunctional family of origin. I guide & support clients on a journey of insight, as they face emotional pain that refuses to be ignored. I see clients come out the other side with greater self-worth, grounded by confidence & security in themselves, discovering new perspectives & paths, while creating a fulfilling life in which they can thrive. Good therapy starts with genuine compassion and acceptance. These are the core values of my practice & my life.
(317) 649-8804 View (317) 649-8804
Photo of Angie J Hernandez, CHT
Angie J Hernandez
Verified Verified
Online Only
Are you ready to change your life or maybe you just want some help getting un-stuck? I can assist you in making changes that just seem so hard to achieve on your own. You can stop smoking, lose weight or even change your outlook with hypnosis and it can happen quite fast. I help you make the change but I also teach you techniques you can use on your own when faced with life's challenges.
Are you ready to change your life or maybe you just want some help getting un-stuck? I can assist you in making changes that just seem so hard to achieve on your own. You can stop smoking, lose weight or even change your outlook with hypnosis and it can happen quite fast. I help you make the change but I also teach you techniques you can use on your own when faced with life's challenges.
(574) 248-4662 View (574) 248-4662

See more therapy options for Indianapolis

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Indianapolis, IN

2,000+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Indianapolis, IN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
73% Trauma and PTSD
65% Stress
64% Self Esteem
63% Relationship Issues
58% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
72% Anthem
71% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Indianapolis, IN see their clients

57% In Person and Online
43% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Indianapolis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.