Therapists in Encinitas, CA

Photo of Emily Wilson-Nguyen, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Encinitas, CA
Emily Wilson-Nguyen
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Seeking out support for yourself or for your child is a courageous act, and one that is full of hope. Childhood and parenting can be tremendously challenging, and you do not need to figure out all of the pieces alone. I would be honored to work alongside you, providing a safe environment to share your story, gently face and move through challenges, and develop solutions that will bring you and your child relief and allow you both to thrive.
Seeking out support for yourself or for your child is a courageous act, and one that is full of hope. Childhood and parenting can be tremendously challenging, and you do not need to figure out all of the pieces alone. I would be honored to work alongside you, providing a safe environment to share your story, gently face and move through challenges, and develop solutions that will bring you and your child relief and allow you both to thrive.
(858) 758-9117 View (858) 758-9117
Photo of Mackenzie Burdick, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Mackenzie Burdick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
I have extensive experience and training in treating eating disorders, OCD, and addiction in partial hospitalization (PHP), intensive outpatient (IOP), and outpatient levels of care across the lifespan. My approach pulls from a number of evidence-based treatment modalities including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Family Based Treatment, Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Exposure and Response Prevention. I specialize in treating children, adolescents and families.
I have extensive experience and training in treating eating disorders, OCD, and addiction in partial hospitalization (PHP), intensive outpatient (IOP), and outpatient levels of care across the lifespan. My approach pulls from a number of evidence-based treatment modalities including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Family Based Treatment, Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Exposure and Response Prevention. I specialize in treating children, adolescents and families.
(858) 758-8474 View (858) 758-8474
Photo of Bette Kitnick, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Bette Kitnick
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Through Jungian Analysis and Psychotherapy, I work with your dreams, images and unconscious, to access and develop the individual potential you were meant to live. I can help you to develop a creative, ethical, stable and joy filled life and to fulfill your full potential as an individuated and consciously whole person.
Through Jungian Analysis and Psychotherapy, I work with your dreams, images and unconscious, to access and develop the individual potential you were meant to live. I can help you to develop a creative, ethical, stable and joy filled life and to fulfill your full potential as an individuated and consciously whole person.
(760) 889-3534 View (760) 889-3534
Photo of Kelli Olds LMFT Owner at Mood Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Kelli Olds LMFT Owner at Mood Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, HHP
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with 20 years experience in the health and wellness industry. I have a BA in Elementary Education, a MA in Counseling Psychology and I sat on the Board of the San Diego North County chapter of the California Association of Marriage and Family Therapists. I practice Telehealth Online Therapy and have an office in Encinitas. I enjoy helping individuals create and maintain healthy relationships with themselves, their spouses, children, family members, friends, colleagues, and ex-spouses. I also love helping individuals navigate divorce recovery and co-parenting.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with 20 years experience in the health and wellness industry. I have a BA in Elementary Education, a MA in Counseling Psychology and I sat on the Board of the San Diego North County chapter of the California Association of Marriage and Family Therapists. I practice Telehealth Online Therapy and have an office in Encinitas. I enjoy helping individuals create and maintain healthy relationships with themselves, their spouses, children, family members, friends, colleagues, and ex-spouses. I also love helping individuals navigate divorce recovery and co-parenting.
(760) 840-2018 View (760) 840-2018
Photo of Jenifer Finkelstein, Counselor in Encinitas, CA
Jenifer Finkelstein
Counselor, MEd, LPCC 44, NCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92023  (Online Only)
New Moms - I’m happy to talk with you about transitioning to parenthood, growing your family, and how these early days, weeks, months, and even years can bring so many challenges and even emotional pain. Being responsible for a new little human can feel overwhelming. It’s not your fault, you can do this, and you don’t need to go at it alone. There may be other relationships to manage with a partner or other children, a lack of sleep, and lots of self-doubt fed by the opinions of others and contradictory information to untangle. Let’s figure things out in a way that puts you on a path to parenting success that is just right for you.
New Moms - I’m happy to talk with you about transitioning to parenthood, growing your family, and how these early days, weeks, months, and even years can bring so many challenges and even emotional pain. Being responsible for a new little human can feel overwhelming. It’s not your fault, you can do this, and you don’t need to go at it alone. There may be other relationships to manage with a partner or other children, a lack of sleep, and lots of self-doubt fed by the opinions of others and contradictory information to untangle. Let’s figure things out in a way that puts you on a path to parenting success that is just right for you.
(760) 417-7285 View (760) 417-7285
Photo of Paola Osuna, Pre-Licensed Professional in Encinitas, CA
Paola Osuna
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Are you finally ready to take control of your life? Are you ready for support? Maybe you're experiencing new challenges or changes in your life. These experiences don't have to rob you of your sense of joy. I believe in creating a safe and nurturing space where we can develop a trusted bond. My holistic approach allows me the flexibility to adapt to your specific needs.
Are you finally ready to take control of your life? Are you ready for support? Maybe you're experiencing new challenges or changes in your life. These experiences don't have to rob you of your sense of joy. I believe in creating a safe and nurturing space where we can develop a trusted bond. My holistic approach allows me the flexibility to adapt to your specific needs.
(760) 280-9384 View (760) 280-9384
Photo of Erica Laks, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Erica Laks
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024  (Online Only)
Throughout my career as a therapist, I have worked with individuals, families, and couples to navigate through difficult times. With compassion and understanding, I work to create a warm and safe environment so that each individual can build upon their strengths in order to attain the personal growth that they are committed to accomplishing in their lives. In a collaborative environment, support and practical feedback will be offered that effectively addresses personal life challenges. I incorporate complimentary techniques to offer a tailored approach that is personalized to each client.
Throughout my career as a therapist, I have worked with individuals, families, and couples to navigate through difficult times. With compassion and understanding, I work to create a warm and safe environment so that each individual can build upon their strengths in order to attain the personal growth that they are committed to accomplishing in their lives. In a collaborative environment, support and practical feedback will be offered that effectively addresses personal life challenges. I incorporate complimentary techniques to offer a tailored approach that is personalized to each client.
(760) 387-8813 View (760) 387-8813
Photo of EmotionFit, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
EmotionFit
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024
Therapy - We don’t just diagnose your problem; we help you heal. We guide you through the emotional exercises you need to recover from trauma and build emotional strength. We are currently accepting new clients as of 4/16/2024.
Therapy - We don’t just diagnose your problem; we help you heal. We guide you through the emotional exercises you need to recover from trauma and build emotional strength. We are currently accepting new clients as of 4/16/2024.
(760) 313-3262 View (760) 313-3262
Photo of Rhonda E. Allen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Rhonda E. Allen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024
Not accepting new clients
Are you a woman feeling sad, anxious, or just not yourself? Do you overthink the past? Worry too much about the future? Reach for quick fixes that don’t work? Or do you ignore the problem and tell yourself that eventually, things will change? Your sad thoughts and anxious feelings zap your energy. Unfortunately, your quick fixes only cause more painful struggles, and distancing yourself from the problem only worsens things. There is a reason for your sadness, worry, dependency, and detachment. Reaching out for help is the courageous first step toward finding relief and a solution.
Are you a woman feeling sad, anxious, or just not yourself? Do you overthink the past? Worry too much about the future? Reach for quick fixes that don’t work? Or do you ignore the problem and tell yourself that eventually, things will change? Your sad thoughts and anxious feelings zap your energy. Unfortunately, your quick fixes only cause more painful struggles, and distancing yourself from the problem only worsens things. There is a reason for your sadness, worry, dependency, and detachment. Reaching out for help is the courageous first step toward finding relief and a solution.
(760) 465-0237 View (760) 465-0237
Photo of Tom Manheim, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Tom Manheim
Psychologist, PhD, Psy, MFT
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Thanks for considering collaborating with me. I am a licensed clinical psychologist and have worked also as a marriage and family therapist also. I began in this field about 30yrs ago. My experience comes from working in psychiatric inpatient and intensive outpatient hospitals as well as private practice. Primarily I specialize in stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, painful life situations, and relationship issues. I utilize CBT, DBT, humanistic, mindfulness, and meditation along with other appropriate therapies. Support is provided in an understanding, respectful and warm office setting as we work together toward your goals.
Thanks for considering collaborating with me. I am a licensed clinical psychologist and have worked also as a marriage and family therapist also. I began in this field about 30yrs ago. My experience comes from working in psychiatric inpatient and intensive outpatient hospitals as well as private practice. Primarily I specialize in stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, painful life situations, and relationship issues. I utilize CBT, DBT, humanistic, mindfulness, and meditation along with other appropriate therapies. Support is provided in an understanding, respectful and warm office setting as we work together toward your goals.
(760) 550-2122 View (760) 550-2122
Photo of Wendy Hill in Encinitas, CA
Wendy Hill
PhD
Not Verified Not Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Hypnotherapy and psychotherapy. Inner child healing and core belief transformation. I specialize in identifying and transforming the subconscious self-defeating core beliefs that cause relationship/personal conflict, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, addiction, and general unhappiness for individuals and couples. Intuitive, compassionate, experienced. I focus on the root of the problem, not the just symptoms. Holistic focus on emotional and spiritual health and healing. Most sessions are two hours. One hour sessions are too short to make real progress. Over 40 years private practice.
Hypnotherapy and psychotherapy. Inner child healing and core belief transformation. I specialize in identifying and transforming the subconscious self-defeating core beliefs that cause relationship/personal conflict, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, addiction, and general unhappiness for individuals and couples. Intuitive, compassionate, experienced. I focus on the root of the problem, not the just symptoms. Holistic focus on emotional and spiritual health and healing. Most sessions are two hours. One hour sessions are too short to make real progress. Over 40 years private practice.
(760) 563-5268 View (760) 563-5268
Photo of Jessica Anderson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Jessica Anderson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024
I am is a Licensed Clinical Social worker currently working with Clayton Counseling Inc. Previously I had been working as a clinical social work mostly in the hospital setting which allowed me to be exposed to many different behavioral health challenges. I feel strongly that all people have everything they need to heal themselves, but guidance and support can be important when life stressors, loss, traumatic experiences, and biological predisposition throw someone off track.
I am is a Licensed Clinical Social worker currently working with Clayton Counseling Inc. Previously I had been working as a clinical social work mostly in the hospital setting which allowed me to be exposed to many different behavioral health challenges. I feel strongly that all people have everything they need to heal themselves, but guidance and support can be important when life stressors, loss, traumatic experiences, and biological predisposition throw someone off track.
(858) 224-2579 View (858) 224-2579
Photo of Jamie Grundstrom-Frazee, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Jamie Grundstrom-Frazee
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Jamie has supported thousands of people in overcoming obstacles and making breakthroughs using a blend of clinical practices within a warm and safe environment.
Jamie has supported thousands of people in overcoming obstacles and making breakthroughs using a blend of clinical practices within a warm and safe environment.
(760) 359-9318 View (760) 359-9318
Photo of Dr. Nastassia Riser, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Dr. Nastassia Riser
Psychologist, MS, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024
Dr. Riser has over 10 years of experience providing Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and various other evidence-based approaches for the treatment of mood, anxiety, and personality disorders with special interest in emotion regulation, self-harm, and suicidality. Dr. Riser is an integrative psychologist, utilizing science-based interventions while also taking a holistic, mind + body, indivualized approach to treatment. Dr. Riser earned her PhD in Clinical Psychology from The Chicago Medical School/RFUMS with a concentration in psychopathology.
Dr. Riser has over 10 years of experience providing Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and various other evidence-based approaches for the treatment of mood, anxiety, and personality disorders with special interest in emotion regulation, self-harm, and suicidality. Dr. Riser is an integrative psychologist, utilizing science-based interventions while also taking a holistic, mind + body, indivualized approach to treatment. Dr. Riser earned her PhD in Clinical Psychology from The Chicago Medical School/RFUMS with a concentration in psychopathology.
(760) 280-7340 View (760) 280-7340
Photo of Sarah Greenstein, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Sarah Greenstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Daily challenges, painful experiences or emotions, and uncertainty are all common, shared experiences of being human. These moments along with simply feeling lost, alone, stuck, sad or anxious offer opportunities for healing and growth! Starting therapy is a positive step towards accessing inner resilience and bringing voice to your authentic self. Through individual, group, and family counseling, I work with kids, "tweens," teens and adults navigating a range of life's stressors including transitions, relationship issues, anxiety/overwhelm, grief/loss, school/work struggles, parenthood, caregiving, and finding purpose.
Daily challenges, painful experiences or emotions, and uncertainty are all common, shared experiences of being human. These moments along with simply feeling lost, alone, stuck, sad or anxious offer opportunities for healing and growth! Starting therapy is a positive step towards accessing inner resilience and bringing voice to your authentic self. Through individual, group, and family counseling, I work with kids, "tweens," teens and adults navigating a range of life's stressors including transitions, relationship issues, anxiety/overwhelm, grief/loss, school/work struggles, parenthood, caregiving, and finding purpose.
(760) 377-8703 View (760) 377-8703
Photo of Dr. Jennifer Semmes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Dr. Jennifer Semmes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024  (Online Only)
Are you struggling to work through personal or relationship issues you've been unable to resolve on your own? Are you finally feeling ready to address the anxiety and/or depression that has been holding you back from life? There is no reason to feel alone or stuck; it is possible to work through these issues, and to feel happy again. I have experienced much success helping my clients resolve their issues, while creating a nurturing and safe environment. I incorporate humor and friendship in my practice and have found this helpful in furthering the progress and positive therapeutic experience.
Are you struggling to work through personal or relationship issues you've been unable to resolve on your own? Are you finally feeling ready to address the anxiety and/or depression that has been holding you back from life? There is no reason to feel alone or stuck; it is possible to work through these issues, and to feel happy again. I have experienced much success helping my clients resolve their issues, while creating a nurturing and safe environment. I incorporate humor and friendship in my practice and have found this helpful in furthering the progress and positive therapeutic experience.
(760) 583-6271 View (760) 583-6271
Photo of Alicia Baird Fassardi, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Alicia Baird Fassardi
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024
I am a clinical psychologist originally from Argentina. I work with adults of all backgrounds who look for support and strategies to create lasting changes in their lives and in their relationships. Many of my patients report symptoms of depression and anxiety related to relationship issues, life transitions, traumatic events, personal crisis or medical trauma. People who enjoy collaborative work grounded in dialogue, moments of insight and encouragement to experiment with new intentions and behaviors, typically tell me they find our sessions meaningful.
I am a clinical psychologist originally from Argentina. I work with adults of all backgrounds who look for support and strategies to create lasting changes in their lives and in their relationships. Many of my patients report symptoms of depression and anxiety related to relationship issues, life transitions, traumatic events, personal crisis or medical trauma. People who enjoy collaborative work grounded in dialogue, moments of insight and encouragement to experiment with new intentions and behaviors, typically tell me they find our sessions meaningful.
(760) 840-2085 View (760) 840-2085
Photo of Irene Vecchio, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Irene Vecchio
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92023  (Online Only)
I believe that effective therapy does not necessarily have to be difficult, painful or long-term. I specialize in Collaborative, Narrative and Solution-Focused approaches to help clients overcome challenges and create solutions and change. I see individuals as truly heroic, struggling against problems rather than "having" or "being" the problem. This can allow your inherent knowledge, strengths and resources to emerge, opening new possibilities for change and growth.
I believe that effective therapy does not necessarily have to be difficult, painful or long-term. I specialize in Collaborative, Narrative and Solution-Focused approaches to help clients overcome challenges and create solutions and change. I see individuals as truly heroic, struggling against problems rather than "having" or "being" the problem. This can allow your inherent knowledge, strengths and resources to emerge, opening new possibilities for change and growth.
(760) 237-8872 View (760) 237-8872
Photo of Eli Reding, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Eli Reding
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I work with adults throughout their entire lifespan, ranging from young adults to older adults. I have an informal and energetic approach to therapy, which encourages active collaboration in both treatment planning and therapeutic execution. I like to think of myself as a guide, providing you with new skill as well as a responsive source of objective feedback on how these skills are impacting your overall functioning. I'm just as human as you are and expect to engage in a collaborative process where you find yourself able to open up and give me feedback just as easily as I share feedback and skills with you.
I work with adults throughout their entire lifespan, ranging from young adults to older adults. I have an informal and energetic approach to therapy, which encourages active collaboration in both treatment planning and therapeutic execution. I like to think of myself as a guide, providing you with new skill as well as a responsive source of objective feedback on how these skills are impacting your overall functioning. I'm just as human as you are and expect to engage in a collaborative process where you find yourself able to open up and give me feedback just as easily as I share feedback and skills with you.
(619) 492-8255 View (619) 492-8255
Photo of Joanna Raabsmith, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Joanna Raabsmith
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MDiv
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024
So many of us find ourselves trapped, caught in unhealthy cycles and relationship patterns, hopeless but wanting change. I want to come alongside you, helping you find insight into those patterns and discover the healing truths about yourself. This moment of insight opens up the possibility of change, allowing you to live your best self in all relationships. Psychotherapy is important to me because it works! I have witnessed psychotherapy bring about the transforming journey from a place of hopelessness to place of freedom in my own life and in the lives of my clients.
So many of us find ourselves trapped, caught in unhealthy cycles and relationship patterns, hopeless but wanting change. I want to come alongside you, helping you find insight into those patterns and discover the healing truths about yourself. This moment of insight opens up the possibility of change, allowing you to live your best self in all relationships. Psychotherapy is important to me because it works! I have witnessed psychotherapy bring about the transforming journey from a place of hopelessness to place of freedom in my own life and in the lives of my clients.
(626) 788-9893 View (626) 788-9893

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Encinitas, CA

500+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Encinitas, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
70% Trauma and PTSD
70% Self Esteem
65% Stress
64% Grief

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Aetna
60% Cigna and Evernorth
51% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Encinitas, CA see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Encinitas?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.