Therapists in Whiteside County, IL

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Photo of Valerie N Roberts - Roberts Counseling, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Roberts Counseling, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Rock Falls, IL 61071
Roberts Counseling provides psychotherapy to individuals, couples, and families in a safe, supportive environment. We believe in meeting clients where they are in life; therefore, we do not believe in a "one size fits all" approach. In addition, we value each individual's unique experience and allow clients to take the lead on determining goals for treatment. Please check out our website for more information.
Roberts Counseling provides psychotherapy to individuals, couples, and families in a safe, supportive environment. We believe in meeting clients where they are in life; therefore, we do not believe in a "one size fits all" approach. In addition, we value each individual's unique experience and allow clients to take the lead on determining goals for treatment. Please check out our website for more information.
(815) 542-3559 View (815) 542-3559
Photo of Ashley Lynn Bartlow, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Ashley Lynn Bartlow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Find your JOY and make intentional steps to a more joyful life. It's possible you just have to have the courage to try, learn, apply, adjust to fit you.
Find your JOY and make intentional steps to a more joyful life. It's possible you just have to have the courage to try, learn, apply, adjust to fit you.
(815) 934-3295 View (815) 934-3295
Photo of Paulette M Selmi, Psychologist, PhD
Paulette M Selmi
Psychologist, PhD
Sterling, IL 61081
Dr. Selmi is a licensed psychology located in Sterling, Illinois, 61081. Behavioral health interventions, FOID evaluations, family court expertise. Mental health intervention used are evidence-based methods such as Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Behavior Therapy (BT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). Dr. Selmi is fully trained in these focused evidence and scientifically-based methods. A large array of presenting problems can be addressed, including depression, anxiety, panic-anxiety, behavioral problems (children and adolescents), couples, family, parenting and co-parenting difficulties with divorced or separated parents.
Dr. Selmi is a licensed psychology located in Sterling, Illinois, 61081. Behavioral health interventions, FOID evaluations, family court expertise. Mental health intervention used are evidence-based methods such as Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Behavior Therapy (BT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). Dr. Selmi is fully trained in these focused evidence and scientifically-based methods. A large array of presenting problems can be addressed, including depression, anxiety, panic-anxiety, behavioral problems (children and adolescents), couples, family, parenting and co-parenting difficulties with divorced or separated parents.
(815) 213-7669 View (815) 213-7669
Photo of Jennifer Streets, Counselor, LMHC, LPHA, LCPC, CFM
Jennifer Streets
Counselor, LMHC, LPHA, LCPC, CFM
Sterling, IL 61081
I have worked in the mental health field for more 20 years following a career as a junior and senior high teacher. I have experience with everyone from very young children to elderly individuals. I believe firmly in the individual's ability to change if they so desire, regardless of education level, socioeconomic status, or past challenges. I approach all people with an open mind and a non-judgmental attitude. Acceptance and kindness are important traits and ones I strive to show each and every person I meet, whether that is within my office or at the grocery store.
I have worked in the mental health field for more 20 years following a career as a junior and senior high teacher. I have experience with everyone from very young children to elderly individuals. I believe firmly in the individual's ability to change if they so desire, regardless of education level, socioeconomic status, or past challenges. I approach all people with an open mind and a non-judgmental attitude. Acceptance and kindness are important traits and ones I strive to show each and every person I meet, whether that is within my office or at the grocery store.
(779) 237-8267 View (779) 237-8267
Photo of Kaileen Banaszak Gaumer, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS Ed , LPC
Kaileen Banaszak Gaumer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS Ed , LPC
Rock Falls, IL 61071
Taking the initial step to reach out for support can be incredibly difficult, so well done for getting this far! Entering into therapy can be scary, but let me assure you that we will work together to make you feel comfortable and provide a space that you feel emotionally safe to talk about anything.
Taking the initial step to reach out for support can be incredibly difficult, so well done for getting this far! Entering into therapy can be scary, but let me assure you that we will work together to make you feel comfortable and provide a space that you feel emotionally safe to talk about anything.
(815) 396-6832 View (815) 396-6832
Photo of Jeanette Marie Trotter, Counselor, LCPC, NCC
Jeanette Marie Trotter
Counselor, LCPC, NCC
Serves Area
Are you going through difficult circumstances or overwhelmed by emotions that make you feel like you are out of control? Pain, chaos and brokenness are words used to describe desperation and the need for real help, now. Know that it is normal and healthy to receive help while you regain balance and make a fresh start. My passion is to help you discover meaning in and solutions for the challenges you are facing, by facilitating growth in all areas of your life. Thank you for your interest in learning more about the services Jeanette Trotter, LCPC, NCC provides.
Are you going through difficult circumstances or overwhelmed by emotions that make you feel like you are out of control? Pain, chaos and brokenness are words used to describe desperation and the need for real help, now. Know that it is normal and healthy to receive help while you regain balance and make a fresh start. My passion is to help you discover meaning in and solutions for the challenges you are facing, by facilitating growth in all areas of your life. Thank you for your interest in learning more about the services Jeanette Trotter, LCPC, NCC provides.
(815) 267-0153 View (815) 267-0153
Photo of Melissa Gates, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Melissa Gates
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Serves Area
I am devoted both to helping my clients with the distress and overwhelming challenges life can present, while inspiring them to find balance, empowerment and contentment as they reach for their goals and personal potential. My depth of experience has led me to a firm belief that individuals can achieve their own idea of happiness through a holistic approach that focuses on the mind, body and spirit. My therapeutic approach is tailored to my clients’ needs and goals. My role is to create a safe, empowering, respectful environment. Your role is to take the first step that will lead you to discover your path to healing.
I am devoted both to helping my clients with the distress and overwhelming challenges life can present, while inspiring them to find balance, empowerment and contentment as they reach for their goals and personal potential. My depth of experience has led me to a firm belief that individuals can achieve their own idea of happiness through a holistic approach that focuses on the mind, body and spirit. My therapeutic approach is tailored to my clients’ needs and goals. My role is to create a safe, empowering, respectful environment. Your role is to take the first step that will lead you to discover your path to healing.
(815) 288-1235 View (815) 288-1235
Photo of Frank E. Cushing, Psychologist, EdD
Frank E. Cushing
Psychologist, EdD
Serves Area
FOID Mental Health Certification Evaluations. Court Ordered Evaluations/Risk Assessments: Domestic Violence Evaluations. Violence risk & threat assessment 1)Workplace & school violence consultation services 2)Fitness for duty evaluation 3)Psychosexual risk to reoffend. Dr Cushing has considerable training and experience in forensic evaluations and expert witness testimony. Dr. Cushing has worked with prosecutors and defense attorneys in both the state and federal systems. He has been recognized as an expert in courts in the following states: Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, and New York.
FOID Mental Health Certification Evaluations. Court Ordered Evaluations/Risk Assessments: Domestic Violence Evaluations. Violence risk & threat assessment 1)Workplace & school violence consultation services 2)Fitness for duty evaluation 3)Psychosexual risk to reoffend. Dr Cushing has considerable training and experience in forensic evaluations and expert witness testimony. Dr. Cushing has worked with prosecutors and defense attorneys in both the state and federal systems. He has been recognized as an expert in courts in the following states: Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, and New York.
(779) 228-4297 View (779) 228-4297
Photo of Thomas Lee Milard, Psychologist, PhD
Thomas Lee Milard
Psychologist, PhD
Serves Area
I specialize in working with individuals who are committed to self-development. I specialize in using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, an approach that focuses on an individuals' values, and changes their relationship with their thoughts and emotions. I also use techniques from positive psychology to help people flourish rather than engage in behaviors that provide only short-term gratification. Moreover, given that we learn how to deal with stressors from our families of origin, I help people live as who they truly are rather than who they have been conditioned to be.
I specialize in working with individuals who are committed to self-development. I specialize in using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, an approach that focuses on an individuals' values, and changes their relationship with their thoughts and emotions. I also use techniques from positive psychology to help people flourish rather than engage in behaviors that provide only short-term gratification. Moreover, given that we learn how to deal with stressors from our families of origin, I help people live as who they truly are rather than who they have been conditioned to be.
(563) 228-8797 View (563) 228-8797
Photo of Bridget C Kramer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CADC
Bridget C Kramer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CADC
Serves Area
Bridget is a Licensed Social Worker in the State of Iowa and a graduate of the Master of Social Work program at St. Ambrose University. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from Clarke University and is a Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor. Bridget is also a certified facilitator of the Nurturing Parenting Program. Bridget empowers clients to take an active role in their transformative process, drawing from Motivational Interviewing, strengths-based approaches, and therapeutic techniques including Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and mindfulness.
Bridget is a Licensed Social Worker in the State of Iowa and a graduate of the Master of Social Work program at St. Ambrose University. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from Clarke University and is a Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor. Bridget is also a certified facilitator of the Nurturing Parenting Program. Bridget empowers clients to take an active role in their transformative process, drawing from Motivational Interviewing, strengths-based approaches, and therapeutic techniques including Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and mindfulness.
(563) 221-2183 View (563) 221-2183
Photo of Kelsey Reuter - Reuter Counseling, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Reuter Counseling, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Serves Area
Kelsey Reuter is accepting new clients. Are you wanting to be kinder towards yourself but don't know where to start? Do you feel stuck, anxious, out of control, or depressed? Are you feeling "stuck" in life, experiencing relational or communication issues, or navigating life transitions? Would you like to find relief from isolating circumstances or traumatic experiences? Negative self-talk, uncertainty, and stress can impact our ability to be our best selves. I aim to provide a safe therapeutic environment to allow you to truly heal. My intention is for you to find hope, freedom, and direction through therapy.
Kelsey Reuter is accepting new clients. Are you wanting to be kinder towards yourself but don't know where to start? Do you feel stuck, anxious, out of control, or depressed? Are you feeling "stuck" in life, experiencing relational or communication issues, or navigating life transitions? Would you like to find relief from isolating circumstances or traumatic experiences? Negative self-talk, uncertainty, and stress can impact our ability to be our best selves. I aim to provide a safe therapeutic environment to allow you to truly heal. My intention is for you to find hope, freedom, and direction through therapy.
(815) 982-2935 View (815) 982-2935
Photo of Amanda Rousonelos, Counselor, LCPC
Amanda Rousonelos
Counselor, LCPC
5 Endorsed
Serves Area
You might be struggling with your unique challenges and yearning for a space where you feel truly seen, heard, and supported. With over 20 years of dedicated experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and families, I’ve learned that your journey is entirely unique and deserves compassionate, personalized care. You want a therapeutic environment that not only acknowledges your struggles but also empowers you to uncover your inner strengths. You seek clarity amid confusion and a safe space to explore your feelings without judgment.
You might be struggling with your unique challenges and yearning for a space where you feel truly seen, heard, and supported. With over 20 years of dedicated experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and families, I’ve learned that your journey is entirely unique and deserves compassionate, personalized care. You want a therapeutic environment that not only acknowledges your struggles but also empowers you to uncover your inner strengths. You seek clarity amid confusion and a safe space to explore your feelings without judgment.
(872) 312-8733 View (872) 312-8733
Photo of Elli Clark, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Elli Clark
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I know how overwhelming it can be to face big emotions, chronic health issues, and life transitions without a clear map, especially when trust — in oneself or in relationships — has been shaken by past experiences or betrayal. At their core, my clients are often deeply self-aware and highly sensitive, even if that awareness or sensitivity feels clouded by confusion, anxiety, or burnout. They’re the kind of people who’ve tried hard — sometimes for years — to “figure it out” on their own. They want to feel understood, not pathologized; seen, not fixed.
I know how overwhelming it can be to face big emotions, chronic health issues, and life transitions without a clear map, especially when trust — in oneself or in relationships — has been shaken by past experiences or betrayal. At their core, my clients are often deeply self-aware and highly sensitive, even if that awareness or sensitivity feels clouded by confusion, anxiety, or burnout. They’re the kind of people who’ve tried hard — sometimes for years — to “figure it out” on their own. They want to feel understood, not pathologized; seen, not fixed.
(872) 267-9825 View (872) 267-9825

Online Therapists

Photo of Kathryn Berry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Kathryn Berry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Online Only
My ideal client is anyone who experiences overwhelming emotions. I continue to work with clients living with mental illness and substance abuse, especially those who want to engage in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and those that are a part of the LGBTQIA+ community. I believe that we are all doing the best we can in any given moment, and I hope to help clients to become better equipped to improve the moment through learning new skills.
My ideal client is anyone who experiences overwhelming emotions. I continue to work with clients living with mental illness and substance abuse, especially those who want to engage in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and those that are a part of the LGBTQIA+ community. I believe that we are all doing the best we can in any given moment, and I hope to help clients to become better equipped to improve the moment through learning new skills.
(630) 716-9311 View (630) 716-9311
Photo of Cody Corradino, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, MEd, LCPC
Cody Corradino
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, MEd, LCPC
Minooka, IL 60447
As our lives fluctuate within an ever changing world, we are faced with more and more challenges. Whether they are transitions, recent illnesses/death, or overwhelming work-life expectations, therapy provides a supportive, nonjudgmental space to explore these concerns as well as the opportunity to identify areas of resiliency to grow and move forward.
As our lives fluctuate within an ever changing world, we are faced with more and more challenges. Whether they are transitions, recent illnesses/death, or overwhelming work-life expectations, therapy provides a supportive, nonjudgmental space to explore these concerns as well as the opportunity to identify areas of resiliency to grow and move forward.
(815) 559-5280 View (815) 559-5280
Photo of Renyce Ward, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Renyce Ward
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Aurora, IL 60504
Renyce Ward is a Licensed Social Worker in Illinois who has been practicing since 2024. She has a BS in Psychology from University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana, a Masters of Social Work from University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana and a Trauma-Informed Educational Practices Certification from North Central College. Renyce helps support the social-emotional needs of individuals by providing a safe and non-judgmental environment where together, they will explore areas of strengths and challenges.
Renyce Ward is a Licensed Social Worker in Illinois who has been practicing since 2024. She has a BS in Psychology from University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana, a Masters of Social Work from University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana and a Trauma-Informed Educational Practices Certification from North Central College. Renyce helps support the social-emotional needs of individuals by providing a safe and non-judgmental environment where together, they will explore areas of strengths and challenges.
(630) 895-9287 View (630) 895-9287
Photo of Mark Roy - Mark Roy LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, ACHT, ROHN, CCTP
Mark Roy LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, ACHT, ROHN, CCTP
2 Endorsed
Joliet, IL 60435
Many of the people that come to see me have in someway either lost their way in life and are tired of settling for the crumbs. Some come because of their lives have become out of balance and in some cases out of control in the mental, physical, emotional and spiritual areas. Others, because they are in a tremendous amount of emotional pain. My goal is to help you find a healthy way of dealing with whatever the issues, in effective ways, that are keeping you from reaching your highest potential and to heal the obvious and not so obvious wounds that might be preventing that from happening.
Many of the people that come to see me have in someway either lost their way in life and are tired of settling for the crumbs. Some come because of their lives have become out of balance and in some cases out of control in the mental, physical, emotional and spiritual areas. Others, because they are in a tremendous amount of emotional pain. My goal is to help you find a healthy way of dealing with whatever the issues, in effective ways, that are keeping you from reaching your highest potential and to heal the obvious and not so obvious wounds that might be preventing that from happening.
(708) 586-8117 View (708) 586-8117
Photo of Lori Kornack, Counselor, MA, LCPC
Lori Kornack
Counselor, MA, LCPC
1 Endorsed
Rock Island, IL 61201
Feeling stuck? Or maybe your current tools, resources, or ways of helping yourself through are not enough to provide the sense of relief or resolution you're looking for? Whether you're facing a difficult life situation, a traumatic event that is causing significant emotional distress or unhelpful or unhealthy patterns that continue to present themselves in your life, I offer a warm, safe, and nurturing environment for personal exploration, emotional healing and finding new ways to manage more effectively.
Feeling stuck? Or maybe your current tools, resources, or ways of helping yourself through are not enough to provide the sense of relief or resolution you're looking for? Whether you're facing a difficult life situation, a traumatic event that is causing significant emotional distress or unhelpful or unhealthy patterns that continue to present themselves in your life, I offer a warm, safe, and nurturing environment for personal exploration, emotional healing and finding new ways to manage more effectively.
(309) 250-2982 View (309) 250-2982
Photo of Glenn Weiss, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC
Glenn Weiss
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC
Hoffman Estates, IL 60169
Glenn Weiss, LCSW, CADC, received his Masters in Social Work degree from the Jane Addams College of Social Work at the University of Illinois, Chicago. Glenn is a certified alcohol and drug counselor and a Level II certified EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) therapist. For more than 30 years Glenn has counseled clients in both in-patient and out-patient settings and uses this range of expertise to help clients feel at ease and provide an approach that will best meet their needs.
Glenn Weiss, LCSW, CADC, received his Masters in Social Work degree from the Jane Addams College of Social Work at the University of Illinois, Chicago. Glenn is a certified alcohol and drug counselor and a Level II certified EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) therapist. For more than 30 years Glenn has counseled clients in both in-patient and out-patient settings and uses this range of expertise to help clients feel at ease and provide an approach that will best meet their needs.
(224) 490-0939 View (224) 490-0939
Photo of Molly Kanaley, MA, LPC
Molly Kanaley
Verified Verified
Oak Brook, IL 60523
Life brings many stressors, and we could all benefit from a safe and supportive place to sort out our feelings and process our concerns. In counseling, I aim to provide my clients with a warm and non-judgmental space to be truly heard so that they can feel free to communicate openly and authentically. I use a person-centered and collaborative approach, providing clients with the opportunity to identify and clarify their own goals, gifts, and qualities. I have experience with an array of clients from adolescents to adults, and focus on issues such as anxiety, depression, eating disorders, body image issues, and self-esteem.
Life brings many stressors, and we could all benefit from a safe and supportive place to sort out our feelings and process our concerns. In counseling, I aim to provide my clients with a warm and non-judgmental space to be truly heard so that they can feel free to communicate openly and authentically. I use a person-centered and collaborative approach, providing clients with the opportunity to identify and clarify their own goals, gifts, and qualities. I have experience with an array of clients from adolescents to adults, and focus on issues such as anxiety, depression, eating disorders, body image issues, and self-esteem.
(331) 258-8727 View (331) 258-8727

See more therapy options for Whiteside County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Whiteside County, IL

10+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Whiteside County, IL who prioritize treating:

85% Depression
85% Anxiety
77% Relationship Issues
77% Grief
77% Marital and Premarital
77% Stress
69% ADHD

Average years in practice

23 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% BlueCross and BlueShield
73% Aetna
64% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Whiteside County, IL see their clients

85% In Person and Online
15% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Whiteside County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.