Depression Therapists in Westchester, IL
Elia Fabian (She-Her-Ella)
Counselor, LCPC, MA
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Westchester, IL 60154 (Online Only)
My clinical experience is based on working with adolescents, transitional youth & adults who are struggling with adjusting to phase of life changes, stress, anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, &/or new diagnoses of ADHD &/or Autism as adults.
Everyone struggles from time to time. Sometimes you can manage alone, other times it's harder to do so and during these difficult times you don’t have to be alone. Therapy can help. Please reach out and allow yourself to have the time and space to sort through and organize your thoughts and feelings, while knowing you have someone there available for support.
My clinical experience is based on working with adolescents, transitional youth & adults who are struggling with adjusting to phase of life changes, stress, anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, &/or new diagnoses of ADHD &/or Autism as adults.
Everyone struggles from time to time. Sometimes you can manage alone, other times it's harder to do so and during these difficult times you don’t have to be alone. Therapy can help. Please reach out and allow yourself to have the time and space to sort through and organize your thoughts and feelings, while knowing you have someone there available for support.
Outlook Counseling Services, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Westchester, IL 60154
Our therapists have years of working in multicultural clinical settings that deal mostly with trauma, providing us with extensive trauma training and experience in treating individuals with a history of post-traumatic stress disorder, complex trauma, depression, anxiety, and other mental health concerns.
Our practice is focused on delivering trauma and culturally informed care to the Latinx/Hispanic community. We pride ourselves on building a collaborative relationship with our clients and providing holistic, integrative, evidence-based modalities to ensure they are able to overcome the obstacles they are facing in their lives. Our therapists offer individual therapy to clients in a warm, safe and welcoming environment.
Our therapists have years of working in multicultural clinical settings that deal mostly with trauma, providing us with extensive trauma training and experience in treating individuals with a history of post-traumatic stress disorder, complex trauma, depression, anxiety, and other mental health concerns.
Our practice is focused on delivering trauma and culturally informed care to the Latinx/Hispanic community. We pride ourselves on building a collaborative relationship with our clients and providing holistic, integrative, evidence-based modalities to ensure they are able to overcome the obstacles they are facing in their lives. Our therapists offer individual therapy to clients in a warm, safe and welcoming environment.
Donna Marie Desai
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
Westchester, IL 60154
I teach effective strategies for depression, relationship problems, life transitions, and stress management and self-care.
It gets better from here! I help individuals who are stuck or struggling figure out solutions that work for them.
I offer what works: compassion, clarity, and results. Compassion: You will feel heard. You will be skillfully understood and supported. Clarity: You will gain new insights into your situation, your options, and yourself. Results: You will learn strategies to handle the challenges and stress in your life. Strategies that work. Discover healing, wisdom, and empowerment within yourself. Give counseling a try starting with a free 30-minute session.
I teach effective strategies for depression, relationship problems, life transitions, and stress management and self-care.
It gets better from here! I help individuals who are stuck or struggling figure out solutions that work for them.
I offer what works: compassion, clarity, and results. Compassion: You will feel heard. You will be skillfully understood and supported. Clarity: You will gain new insights into your situation, your options, and yourself. Results: You will learn strategies to handle the challenges and stress in your life. Strategies that work. Discover healing, wisdom, and empowerment within yourself. Give counseling a try starting with a free 30-minute session.
Sanders and Associates
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Westchester, IL 60154
We assess the following areas: Pre-Surgical Psychological Screenings, Learning Disabilities, Attention Disorders, Depression & Bipolar Disorders, Anxiety, Asperger's Syndrome, and Developmental Delays.
Do you feel sad, anxious, and irritable and don't know why? Do you lack energy and motivation to accomplish even minor tasks at home, work, or school? Are you struggling to put your life back in order? Please consider talking with a psychologist or counselor to help get you through these difficult moments. Our clinicians use researched based strategies to help clients identify challenges, barriers, and obstacles in their lives which prevent them from achieving personal and professional goals, achieving greater self-worth, or control of their life.
We assess the following areas: Pre-Surgical Psychological Screenings, Learning Disabilities, Attention Disorders, Depression & Bipolar Disorders, Anxiety, Asperger's Syndrome, and Developmental Delays.
Do you feel sad, anxious, and irritable and don't know why? Do you lack energy and motivation to accomplish even minor tasks at home, work, or school? Are you struggling to put your life back in order? Please consider talking with a psychologist or counselor to help get you through these difficult moments. Our clinicians use researched based strategies to help clients identify challenges, barriers, and obstacles in their lives which prevent them from achieving personal and professional goals, achieving greater self-worth, or control of their life.
Dr. Tichiya Maxey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Westchester, IL 60154 (Online Only)
As a therapist, I work to create a warm, inviting and safe space to speak with clients. I work tenaciously with clients to see a positive change and growth they desire. I see therapy as a partnership and an opportunity for clients benefit from the skills they attain. I work with people of all ages and circumstances, however my areas of specialty are working with children and adolescents, individuals with mental illness, individuals facing mood disorders, such as depression, anxiety, grief, life transitions, and families that have children in special education or in need of school support.
As a therapist, I work to create a warm, inviting and safe space to speak with clients. I work tenaciously with clients to see a positive change and growth they desire. I see therapy as a partnership and an opportunity for clients benefit from the skills they attain. I work with people of all ages and circumstances, however my areas of specialty are working with children and adolescents, individuals with mental illness, individuals facing mood disorders, such as depression, anxiety, grief, life transitions, and families that have children in special education or in need of school support.
Pam Baldinelli
Counselor, MA, LCPC, SEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westchester, IL 60154 (Online Only)
Coping with life challenges can be a difficult journey to navigate and each of us does so in our own unique way. Some of these experiences happen in moments yet leave an impact for a lifetime. Whether you are dealing with a traumatic experience, depression, anxiety or difficulty adjusting to changes in your life, it can get in the way of your ability to function in healthy ways. Having a sense of feeling stuck, loneliness or fear are all to common experiences and having a skilled therapist can guide you towards living a more satisfying life. My hope is to guide my clients to a deeper understanding of their thoughts and emotions.
Coping with life challenges can be a difficult journey to navigate and each of us does so in our own unique way. Some of these experiences happen in moments yet leave an impact for a lifetime. Whether you are dealing with a traumatic experience, depression, anxiety or difficulty adjusting to changes in your life, it can get in the way of your ability to function in healthy ways. Having a sense of feeling stuck, loneliness or fear are all to common experiences and having a skilled therapist can guide you towards living a more satisfying life. My hope is to guide my clients to a deeper understanding of their thoughts and emotions.
Jennifer N Knox
Counselor, MA, LCPC, CDVP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westchester, IL 60154
Are you feeling depressed, anxious, or overwhelmed in your life and want to gain control back again? I am dedicated to helping people with the struggles they are facing by developing a caring relationship in which to work toward mutually determined therapeutic goals. I provide individual and family counseling and enjoy working with a variety of people.
Are you feeling depressed, anxious, or overwhelmed in your life and want to gain control back again? I am dedicated to helping people with the struggles they are facing by developing a caring relationship in which to work toward mutually determined therapeutic goals. I provide individual and family counseling and enjoy working with a variety of people.
Sarah Prendergast
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Westchester, IL 60154
I work with adolescents, young adults and adults who are struggling with depression, generalized anxiety, panic attacks, social anxiety, ADHD, addiction, Bipolar disorder, emotional/behavioral disorders, grief/loss, trauma, stress, relationship issues and adjustment to developmental and life transitions.
My therapeutic approach is supportive, engaging, and collaborative. I work to foster trust and compassion with every client and family I see using a more interactive approach. My goal is to help my clients identify goals and learn strategies to achieve these goals through techniques tailored specifically for them. I also enjoy using humor in my sessions to engage clients and help them feel at ease. I have 15 years experience working in mental health and a Master of Arts degree from The Chicago School of Professional Psychology in Clinical Psychology with a specialization in Counseling.
I work with adolescents, young adults and adults who are struggling with depression, generalized anxiety, panic attacks, social anxiety, ADHD, addiction, Bipolar disorder, emotional/behavioral disorders, grief/loss, trauma, stress, relationship issues and adjustment to developmental and life transitions.
My therapeutic approach is supportive, engaging, and collaborative. I work to foster trust and compassion with every client and family I see using a more interactive approach. My goal is to help my clients identify goals and learn strategies to achieve these goals through techniques tailored specifically for them. I also enjoy using humor in my sessions to engage clients and help them feel at ease. I have 15 years experience working in mental health and a Master of Arts degree from The Chicago School of Professional Psychology in Clinical Psychology with a specialization in Counseling.
Kenneth J Stanek
Counselor, PhD, LCPC
Verified Verified
Westchester, IL 60154
I have been in practice for 39 years. I treat children with behavioral problems, children-teens-adults with depression, sleep disorders, panic/anxiety attacks, bipolar disorder, phobias, family conflicts, coping skills, academic issues, special education consulting, Employee Assistance, marital/couples counseling. Therapeutic approaches are designed specifically for the individual. Play therapy is generally used with children. I set goals to measure progress and modify treatment based on how goals are/are not met. I like to focus on short term therapy to teach individuals better coping skills to use outside of the office.
I have been in practice for 39 years. I treat children with behavioral problems, children-teens-adults with depression, sleep disorders, panic/anxiety attacks, bipolar disorder, phobias, family conflicts, coping skills, academic issues, special education consulting, Employee Assistance, marital/couples counseling. Therapeutic approaches are designed specifically for the individual. Play therapy is generally used with children. I set goals to measure progress and modify treatment based on how goals are/are not met. I like to focus on short term therapy to teach individuals better coping skills to use outside of the office.
Sabrina Albert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Westchester, IL 60154
I have extensive experience with substance abuse, depression, anxiety, sexual and eating disorders and trauma.
Although there are times when we feel broken, hopeless, and unsure of the future, there is hope. As a therapist, I provide a safe and secure environment for you to process your vulnerabilities, expand your coping skills and begin to heal. We work together to create a personalized plan that works best for you. My approach emphasizes the unconscious mind, therapeutic interpretation and early childhood experiences. I help you better understand the unconscious forces which impact your current thoughts, feelings and behaviors.
I have extensive experience with substance abuse, depression, anxiety, sexual and eating disorders and trauma.
Although there are times when we feel broken, hopeless, and unsure of the future, there is hope. As a therapist, I provide a safe and secure environment for you to process your vulnerabilities, expand your coping skills and begin to heal. We work together to create a personalized plan that works best for you. My approach emphasizes the unconscious mind, therapeutic interpretation and early childhood experiences. I help you better understand the unconscious forces which impact your current thoughts, feelings and behaviors.
Mollie Swillum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Westchester, IL 60154
I focus on practical solutions and personal development to help each client reach their goals and establish necessary skills to improve. I serve teens and adults struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, trauma, self-harm, grief, and more. I'm compassionate, straightforward, and build rapport through honesty, transparency, and providing a comfortable space to open up.
I focus on practical solutions and personal development to help each client reach their goals and establish necessary skills to improve. I serve teens and adults struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, trauma, self-harm, grief, and more. I'm compassionate, straightforward, and build rapport through honesty, transparency, and providing a comfortable space to open up.
15 Second Videos
Elia Fabian (She-Her-Ella)
Saima Shaik
Outlook Counseling Services, PLLC (hablo español)
Julie A Peterson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Westchester, IL 60154
Peterson works with children and adults who struggle with symptoms of anxiety, depression, special needs, and developmental disabilities.
Dr. Peterson is a licensed clinical psychologist. In her therapy and testing work with clients, she places a large emphasis on support in addition to symptom reduction. She thoughtfully integrates perspectives from Family Systems, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, and Adlerian theory to assist clients through discouragements in their lives that may cause them to feel stuck in life transitions. Her therapeutic interventions encourage the client's assets and creativity to empower his or her ability to enhance every aspect of his or her life. Dr. Peterson also provides psychological testing services as needed.
Peterson works with children and adults who struggle with symptoms of anxiety, depression, special needs, and developmental disabilities.
Dr. Peterson is a licensed clinical psychologist. In her therapy and testing work with clients, she places a large emphasis on support in addition to symptom reduction. She thoughtfully integrates perspectives from Family Systems, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, and Adlerian theory to assist clients through discouragements in their lives that may cause them to feel stuck in life transitions. Her therapeutic interventions encourage the client's assets and creativity to empower his or her ability to enhance every aspect of his or her life. Dr. Peterson also provides psychological testing services as needed.
Saima Shaik
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westchester, IL 60154
I specialize in working with people who are suffering from depression, anxiety, stress, or trauma related issues.
Now accepting new clients for EMDR therapy! Are you tired of avoiding life? Scrolling social media, watching the same movies over and over, sleeping in and staying home all the time is not actually making you feel any better. Do you notice yourself struggling at work, isolating, lashing out at your partner or kids, over eating, and just not enjoying life anymore? Maybe you were taught to sweep all of your problems under the rug and "be grateful." You really do appreciate all the sacrifices that have been made for you, but you still can't shake these negative feelings. You know it is time to try something different. I can help!
I specialize in working with people who are suffering from depression, anxiety, stress, or trauma related issues.
Now accepting new clients for EMDR therapy! Are you tired of avoiding life? Scrolling social media, watching the same movies over and over, sleeping in and staying home all the time is not actually making you feel any better. Do you notice yourself struggling at work, isolating, lashing out at your partner or kids, over eating, and just not enjoying life anymore? Maybe you were taught to sweep all of your problems under the rug and "be grateful." You really do appreciate all the sacrifices that have been made for you, but you still can't shake these negative feelings. You know it is time to try something different. I can help!
Annmarie O'Connell
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, CADC, NCC
Verified Verified
Westchester, IL 60154
When I think about the kind of therapist I am, I think about how hard it is to be vulnerable with a stranger but also how incredibly hopeful and empowering healing can be. I want my clients to know that, aside from my education at Northwestern University, & over a decade of experience working in social services, I also have a heart that resonates with showing up to do the work. If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, PTSD or making a life transition, Brainspotting, along with other modalities I utilize, can be efficient in providing a stage for real transformation. I will meet you where you're at and honor your vulnerability
When I think about the kind of therapist I am, I think about how hard it is to be vulnerable with a stranger but also how incredibly hopeful and empowering healing can be. I want my clients to know that, aside from my education at Northwestern University, & over a decade of experience working in social services, I also have a heart that resonates with showing up to do the work. If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, PTSD or making a life transition, Brainspotting, along with other modalities I utilize, can be efficient in providing a stage for real transformation. I will meet you where you're at and honor your vulnerability
Monica Schmitt Psy.D.
Psychologist, PsyD, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Westchester, IL 60154 (Online Only)
I specialize in maternal mental health with a focus on the prevention, assessment and treatment of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders. I also work with mothers and fathers who are struggling with adjustment to parenthood, infertility, perinatal loss, birth trauma, NICU experiences and medical complications related to pregnancy and child birth. In addition, I work with college students, couples and adults who are struggling with depression, anxiety, stress, relationship issues and difficult life transitions.
I specialize in maternal mental health with a focus on the prevention, assessment and treatment of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders. I also work with mothers and fathers who are struggling with adjustment to parenthood, infertility, perinatal loss, birth trauma, NICU experiences and medical complications related to pregnancy and child birth. In addition, I work with college students, couples and adults who are struggling with depression, anxiety, stress, relationship issues and difficult life transitions.
Kenneth Maxey
Counselor, EdD, MS, LCPC, CRC
Verified Verified
Westchester, IL 60154
I have extensive experience assisting individuals, couples and families, persons with disabilities, both mental and physical, individuals facing anxiety and/or depression as well as those feeling "stuck" in their personal life and/or careers.
My goal as a therapist is to try and help people see their circumstances, their world and maybe even themselves a little differently than before they walked through my door. I believe that therapy can be truly transformative when one is fully committed to the process, a commitment I try to support and encourage by establishing a relationship built on trust and respect. I primarily utilize family and individually focused therapy and employ the methods of ACT, DBT and CBT therapies in an effort to meet each individual where they are and make their introduction to the therapeutic process as seamless as possible.
I have extensive experience assisting individuals, couples and families, persons with disabilities, both mental and physical, individuals facing anxiety and/or depression as well as those feeling "stuck" in their personal life and/or careers.
My goal as a therapist is to try and help people see their circumstances, their world and maybe even themselves a little differently than before they walked through my door. I believe that therapy can be truly transformative when one is fully committed to the process, a commitment I try to support and encourage by establishing a relationship built on trust and respect. I primarily utilize family and individually focused therapy and employ the methods of ACT, DBT and CBT therapies in an effort to meet each individual where they are and make their introduction to the therapeutic process as seamless as possible.
Lindsey Rogers
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Westchester, IL 60154
I specialize in maternal mental health as well as anxiety, depression, grief and loss, perfectionism, self-esteem, and life transitions.
Have you been considering therapy for a while but something has gotten in the way? Did you try therapy in the past without arriving at your desired outcome? I look forward to working with you to take that next step and achieve your goals. My approach is client-centered and strengths-based, and my clients describe me as positive, warm, and directive. I focus on building rapport and making clients feel comfortable, knowing that the therapeutic relationship can be so integral in facilitating change.
I specialize in maternal mental health as well as anxiety, depression, grief and loss, perfectionism, self-esteem, and life transitions.
Have you been considering therapy for a while but something has gotten in the way? Did you try therapy in the past without arriving at your desired outcome? I look forward to working with you to take that next step and achieve your goals. My approach is client-centered and strengths-based, and my clients describe me as positive, warm, and directive. I focus on building rapport and making clients feel comfortable, knowing that the therapeutic relationship can be so integral in facilitating change.
William P. Russell
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCSW, LMFT, BCD
Verified Verified
Westchester, IL 60154 (Online Only)
Additional areas of specialization include grief and loss, post-traumatic stress, work stress, addiction, anxiety, depression, and life cycle transitions (adolescence, young adulthood, marriage, launching/empty nest, and retirement).
For over 35 years I have worked with individuals, couples and families to solve problems, improve relationships and make life transitions. In this time I have learned to respect the uniqueness of each individual and family, as well as the abilities and courage they bring to the challenges they face. My approach is friendly, straightforward and solution-focused, but with appreciation for the variety and complexity of factors that may be involved with the issues that folks bring to therapy. I enjoy collaborating with clients to manage stress and modify the patterns of thinking, feeling and acting that concern them.
Additional areas of specialization include grief and loss, post-traumatic stress, work stress, addiction, anxiety, depression, and life cycle transitions (adolescence, young adulthood, marriage, launching/empty nest, and retirement).
For over 35 years I have worked with individuals, couples and families to solve problems, improve relationships and make life transitions. In this time I have learned to respect the uniqueness of each individual and family, as well as the abilities and courage they bring to the challenges they face. My approach is friendly, straightforward and solution-focused, but with appreciation for the variety and complexity of factors that may be involved with the issues that folks bring to therapy. I enjoy collaborating with clients to manage stress and modify the patterns of thinking, feeling and acting that concern them.
Douglas G Cater
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Westchester, IL 60154
Angry, anxious, confused, or depressed because of relationship problems? Feel your partner never listens to you? Keep having the same old fights over and over? Imago Relationship Therapy is very helpful in restoring connection, safety, and romance. As a Certified Imago Therapist I enable each partner to be heard and understood so the needs of each can be met. Usually couples experience some immediate relief from the pain of alienation and begin to rediscover the love that brought them together. If your spouse won't come for counseling, come alone! I also do individual therapy, including EMDR for trauma resolution..
Angry, anxious, confused, or depressed because of relationship problems? Feel your partner never listens to you? Keep having the same old fights over and over? Imago Relationship Therapy is very helpful in restoring connection, safety, and romance. As a Certified Imago Therapist I enable each partner to be heard and understood so the needs of each can be met. Usually couples experience some immediate relief from the pain of alienation and begin to rediscover the love that brought them together. If your spouse won't come for counseling, come alone! I also do individual therapy, including EMDR for trauma resolution..
Courtney Osbourne
Counselor, MA, LCPC, PhD(c)
Verified Verified
Westchester, IL 60154
I treat issues related Depression, Anxiety, Issues of Trauma and Post Traumatic Stress, Grief/Loss, ADD/ADHD, Conduct and Oppositional behaviors, issues regarding Change in Life and Coping etc.
As we walk through different seasons of our lives, we may all need caring individuals that can offer interventions, help and/or support during our circumstances. Going further, I believe that we were innately created to be in covenant or relationship with our creator, our family or other social circles that we choose to surround ourselves with. However, it is a very personal choice as to how each one of us chooses to go about this path. My strong belief in this basic aspect of life gave birth to Covenant Intuition Center.
I treat issues related Depression, Anxiety, Issues of Trauma and Post Traumatic Stress, Grief/Loss, ADD/ADHD, Conduct and Oppositional behaviors, issues regarding Change in Life and Coping etc.
As we walk through different seasons of our lives, we may all need caring individuals that can offer interventions, help and/or support during our circumstances. Going further, I believe that we were innately created to be in covenant or relationship with our creator, our family or other social circles that we choose to surround ourselves with. However, it is a very personal choice as to how each one of us chooses to go about this path. My strong belief in this basic aspect of life gave birth to Covenant Intuition Center.
See more therapy options for Westchester
Nearby Depression Therapists Searches for Westchester
- Bellwood
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- Hillside
- La Grange
- La Grange Highlands
- La Grange Park
- Maywood
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- North Riverside
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Depression Therapists
What is the goal of therapy for depression?
Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.
What happens in therapy for depression?
Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.
What therapy types help with depression?
Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.
Can therapy for depression be done online?
Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.
How effective is therapy for depression?
Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.