Therapists in La Grange Highlands, IL

Photo of Allison Rackow, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Allison Rackow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Are the challenges of parenting seeming to outweigh the joy of parenting lately? Are you struggling to keep up with all of the modern-day expectations of parenting? You’re not alone! Parenting is inherently challenging & sometimes we need a space where we can be honest about what frustrates us in parenting & work through the things about our children (or our spouse!) that keep us up at night.
Are the challenges of parenting seeming to outweigh the joy of parenting lately? Are you struggling to keep up with all of the modern-day expectations of parenting? You’re not alone! Parenting is inherently challenging & sometimes we need a space where we can be honest about what frustrates us in parenting & work through the things about our children (or our spouse!) that keep us up at night.
(708) 554-6887 View (708) 554-6887
Photo of Yadira Chavez, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Yadira Chavez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
La Grange Highlands, IL 60525
As a Latina and a child of immigrant parents, I understand the importance of creating a safe space for clients of all backgrounds and experiences. I am here to offer acceptance and support while helping clients challenge and cope with life’s challenges. There is no ‘one size fits all’ approach to therapy and I find it important to explore specific strategies and tools that work for clients and their goals. I have experience working in community behavioral health and have extensive knowledge of various mental health needs.
As a Latina and a child of immigrant parents, I understand the importance of creating a safe space for clients of all backgrounds and experiences. I am here to offer acceptance and support while helping clients challenge and cope with life’s challenges. There is no ‘one size fits all’ approach to therapy and I find it important to explore specific strategies and tools that work for clients and their goals. I have experience working in community behavioral health and have extensive knowledge of various mental health needs.
(312) 345-6297 View (312) 345-6297
Photo of Danny Johnson, LPC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Danny Johnson
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
La Grange Highlands, IL 60525
As a trained therapist, I have one goal: to provide a safe and caring environment for you to explore your inner self, overcome challenges, and thrive. For this reason, clients who are ready to make changes in their lives are usually the ones to have the most success with their goals. That being said, therapy is an entirely subjective process that is different for everyone, if you think you need it, then you probably do! That's why we are here.
As a trained therapist, I have one goal: to provide a safe and caring environment for you to explore your inner self, overcome challenges, and thrive. For this reason, clients who are ready to make changes in their lives are usually the ones to have the most success with their goals. That being said, therapy is an entirely subjective process that is different for everyone, if you think you need it, then you probably do! That's why we are here.
(630) 593-1453 View (630) 593-1453
Photo of Julie Tepke, LCPC, Counselor
Julie Tepke
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Julie works with a wide range of emotional and behavioral issues providing services that span from therapy for mood disorders, depression, anxiety, and trauma to parenting support and preventative mental health care for healthcare professionals and clergy and beyond. Julie utilizes evidence-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Julie addresses lifestyle choices and supports behavioral change for mental, emotional and physical health. Although the majority of Julie’s practice comprises adults, she also works with children to address personal, environmental, and systemic factors that impact families. Daytime hours only.
Julie works with a wide range of emotional and behavioral issues providing services that span from therapy for mood disorders, depression, anxiety, and trauma to parenting support and preventative mental health care for healthcare professionals and clergy and beyond. Julie utilizes evidence-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Julie addresses lifestyle choices and supports behavioral change for mental, emotional and physical health. Although the majority of Julie’s practice comprises adults, she also works with children to address personal, environmental, and systemic factors that impact families. Daytime hours only.
(630) 451-8677 View (630) 451-8677
Photo of Jana Arthur, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jana Arthur
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
La Grange Highlands, IL 60525
Waitlist for new clients
Life is tough, in therapy we learn to deal with painful thoughts and feelings so we can enjoy the meaning and beauty in life. As a biracial therapist with a mixed cultural heritage, I aim to create a safe environment needed for change for people of all backgrounds and experiences. It takes a lot of courage to take that first step towards change, so I intend to acknowledge your vulnerability by meeting you where you are. I have extensive knowledge working with people of diverse ages, backgrounds, and presenting needs due to my experience working in community mental health.
Life is tough, in therapy we learn to deal with painful thoughts and feelings so we can enjoy the meaning and beauty in life. As a biracial therapist with a mixed cultural heritage, I aim to create a safe environment needed for change for people of all backgrounds and experiences. It takes a lot of courage to take that first step towards change, so I intend to acknowledge your vulnerability by meeting you where you are. I have extensive knowledge working with people of diverse ages, backgrounds, and presenting needs due to my experience working in community mental health.
(630) 315-0964 View (630) 315-0964
Photo of Emily Flaws, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Emily Flaws
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I specialize in counseling individuals who are struggling with body image or self-esteem, those with chronic illness, and couples counseling. I foster an inclusive space for all, including BIPOC, LGBTQIA+, neurodivergent individuals, and other marginalized communities, such as the disabled community. Before becoming a counselor, I worked as a Registered Behavioral Technician (RBT), where I helped clients on the autism spectrum achieve their social and behavioral goals.
I specialize in counseling individuals who are struggling with body image or self-esteem, those with chronic illness, and couples counseling. I foster an inclusive space for all, including BIPOC, LGBTQIA+, neurodivergent individuals, and other marginalized communities, such as the disabled community. Before becoming a counselor, I worked as a Registered Behavioral Technician (RBT), where I helped clients on the autism spectrum achieve their social and behavioral goals.
(708) 842-6594 View (708) 842-6594

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Christa Wright, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Christa Wright
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089
Since 2003, I have been working with adolescents and adults in a variety of contexts. I am passionate about guiding clients who struggle with depression, anxiety, anger, self-esteem, complicated grief, and family of origin issues toward healing and freedom. I enjoy teaching individuals how to recognize and release themselves from repeating destructive coping patterns in their current relationships. I am certified in EMDR and utilize this and other strategies to help clients get unstuck from a variety of issues including PTSD, other trauma reactions, and anxiety issues including phobias.
Since 2003, I have been working with adolescents and adults in a variety of contexts. I am passionate about guiding clients who struggle with depression, anxiety, anger, self-esteem, complicated grief, and family of origin issues toward healing and freedom. I enjoy teaching individuals how to recognize and release themselves from repeating destructive coping patterns in their current relationships. I am certified in EMDR and utilize this and other strategies to help clients get unstuck from a variety of issues including PTSD, other trauma reactions, and anxiety issues including phobias.
(224) 479-1512 View (224) 479-1512
Photo of Josh Bryant, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Josh Bryant
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
Hi, I'm a licensed clinical social worker committed to partnering along the journey towards resilience, empowerment, and overall well-being. My approach is founded on compassion, authenticity, and collaboration. I strive to create a warm and non-judgmental space where you can openly explore your thoughts, feelings, and life experiences. With experience across the lifespan and different treatment settings, I draw from evidence-based treatment modalities and tailor my interventions to meet each person’s unique needs and goals.
Hi, I'm a licensed clinical social worker committed to partnering along the journey towards resilience, empowerment, and overall well-being. My approach is founded on compassion, authenticity, and collaboration. I strive to create a warm and non-judgmental space where you can openly explore your thoughts, feelings, and life experiences. With experience across the lifespan and different treatment settings, I draw from evidence-based treatment modalities and tailor my interventions to meet each person’s unique needs and goals.
(773) 697-6341 View (773) 697-6341
Photo of Lorin Dunston, MS, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lorin Dunston
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LSW
Verified Verified
Orland Park, IL 60462
Lorin Dunston, LSW, offers compassionate and expert care to individuals throughout Illinois, specializing in addressing anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, and substance use challenges. With experience in both individual and group therapy, Lorin utilizes evidence-based approaches, including Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and trauma-based therapy, to create personalized treatment plans that promote healing and growth.
Lorin Dunston, LSW, offers compassionate and expert care to individuals throughout Illinois, specializing in addressing anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, and substance use challenges. With experience in both individual and group therapy, Lorin utilizes evidence-based approaches, including Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and trauma-based therapy, to create personalized treatment plans that promote healing and growth.
(708) 742-8412 View (708) 742-8412
Photo of Jenna Hedglen Smith, PsyD, Psychologist
Jenna Hedglen Smith
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glen Ellyn, IL 60137
Waitlist for new clients
We all start somewhere. And we all have progress to make. Our past and present experiences inform our future. Understanding our past helps us create a coherent narrative of who we are today. It sets us up for better success, both now and in the future. I enjoy working with clients who are looking to explore past and present relational dynamics, work through past traumas, find inner peace, or strengthen their connection with others. I value the opportunity to guide clients on their path toward self-exploration and I use evidence-based practices to tailor my approach to individual needs.
We all start somewhere. And we all have progress to make. Our past and present experiences inform our future. Understanding our past helps us create a coherent narrative of who we are today. It sets us up for better success, both now and in the future. I enjoy working with clients who are looking to explore past and present relational dynamics, work through past traumas, find inner peace, or strengthen their connection with others. I value the opportunity to guide clients on their path toward self-exploration and I use evidence-based practices to tailor my approach to individual needs.
(312) 635-5213 View (312) 635-5213
Photo of Mitchell Hicks, PhD, ABPP, Psychologist
Mitchell Hicks
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Arlington Heights, IL 60004
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in helping men connect to themselves and others with strength, courage, and authenticity. Are you feeling depressed, anxious, or just that life is not all you had hoped? Are your relationships unfulfilling? Having difficulty letting go of past hurts? Using sex, the internet, work, or social media to avoid others or painful emotions? Does it seem impossible to "get through" to your spouse? Retirement not going well? Has the pandemic knocked you off your game? It’s time for a change. “You, he said, are a terribly real thing in a terribly false world, and that, I believe, is why you’re in so much pain" (Autumn).
I specialize in helping men connect to themselves and others with strength, courage, and authenticity. Are you feeling depressed, anxious, or just that life is not all you had hoped? Are your relationships unfulfilling? Having difficulty letting go of past hurts? Using sex, the internet, work, or social media to avoid others or painful emotions? Does it seem impossible to "get through" to your spouse? Retirement not going well? Has the pandemic knocked you off your game? It’s time for a change. “You, he said, are a terribly real thing in a terribly false world, and that, I believe, is why you’re in so much pain" (Autumn).
(833) 710-7770 x2 View (833) 710-7770 x2
Photo of Stephanie Carrera, PhD, Psychologist
Stephanie Carrera
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Evanston, IL 60201
I work with adults and young adults to help them understand the impact of their thoughts, feelings, and actions on their wellbeing. I offer an active and empowering space to navigate issues such as anxiety, low mood, family conflict, identity confusion, and cultural transitions. I also provide therapy/coaching for work and school-related stress, low motivation, attention difficulties, and time management. People working with me will learn how their life experiences affect their ability to cope with challenges effectively.
I work with adults and young adults to help them understand the impact of their thoughts, feelings, and actions on their wellbeing. I offer an active and empowering space to navigate issues such as anxiety, low mood, family conflict, identity confusion, and cultural transitions. I also provide therapy/coaching for work and school-related stress, low motivation, attention difficulties, and time management. People working with me will learn how their life experiences affect their ability to cope with challenges effectively.
(224) 204-0966 View (224) 204-0966
Photo of Breanna Frueh, LCSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Breanna Frueh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Glenview, IL 60025
Not accepting new clients
I am experienced in working with children, teens, young adults, and families on a variety of presenting concerns such as anxiety, depression, transitioning into adulthood, parenting, children of divorce/separation, family/relationship issues, navigating school stress, and more. Therapy is not just for crisis situations, but for helping to create more stability in life. I also have experience in family law which allows me to better assist with more complex family situations. I believe in working collaboratively with families, schools, and other professionals to see the best outcome for my clients.
I am experienced in working with children, teens, young adults, and families on a variety of presenting concerns such as anxiety, depression, transitioning into adulthood, parenting, children of divorce/separation, family/relationship issues, navigating school stress, and more. Therapy is not just for crisis situations, but for helping to create more stability in life. I also have experience in family law which allows me to better assist with more complex family situations. I believe in working collaboratively with families, schools, and other professionals to see the best outcome for my clients.
(224) 521-0682 View (224) 521-0682
Photo of Mia D'Agostino, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mia D'Agostino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Seeking a therapist can be an overwhelming process. It can also be a hopeful one when you find someone who is the right fit. I’m an experienced therapist with a passion for helping individuals overcome challenges and live their most fulfilling lives. You will be empowered to navigate life’s difficult moments with greater confidence. I bring my authentic self to our time together and work to create a non-judgmental and safe space for you to share openly. It’s important to me that our time together feels intentional and worth your while. You will be provided strategies and intentions to guide you between sessions.
Seeking a therapist can be an overwhelming process. It can also be a hopeful one when you find someone who is the right fit. I’m an experienced therapist with a passion for helping individuals overcome challenges and live their most fulfilling lives. You will be empowered to navigate life’s difficult moments with greater confidence. I bring my authentic self to our time together and work to create a non-judgmental and safe space for you to share openly. It’s important to me that our time together feels intentional and worth your while. You will be provided strategies and intentions to guide you between sessions.
(872) 241-1272 View (872) 241-1272
Photo of Krissy Murukurthy, PhD, LCPC
Krissy Murukurthy
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, PhD, LCPC
Verified Verified
Glenview, IL 60025
I am here to help anyone who wants to live a more full life. Whether you want to feel better or focus on personal growth, there are so many ways we can work together to reach your goals. I am trauma-informed, trained in EMDR and Psychedelic Assisted therapies. I am certified in integrative medicine for mental health and incorporate alternative/wholistic approaches to enable mind-body balance. I l also bring neuroscience, conflict resolution, expressive arts, play, sand-tray, and attachment work into practice, and offer walk and talk therapy. I see clients at all stages of the lifespan from infants to adults.
I am here to help anyone who wants to live a more full life. Whether you want to feel better or focus on personal growth, there are so many ways we can work together to reach your goals. I am trauma-informed, trained in EMDR and Psychedelic Assisted therapies. I am certified in integrative medicine for mental health and incorporate alternative/wholistic approaches to enable mind-body balance. I l also bring neuroscience, conflict resolution, expressive arts, play, sand-tray, and attachment work into practice, and offer walk and talk therapy. I see clients at all stages of the lifespan from infants to adults.
(708) 627-9411 View (708) 627-9411
Photo of Maureen Rowley Barnett, LCSW, MPH, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maureen Rowley Barnett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MPH
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60615
I am interactive, relational and have a great respect for those who have the courage to ask for help. Most people contact me when feeling anxiety or depression due to life's challenges. My intent is to help you alleviate emotional distress as you access inner strength, identify options for change and implement a course of action. Though many of my clients are individuals I have a special interest in couple and family work.
I am interactive, relational and have a great respect for those who have the courage to ask for help. Most people contact me when feeling anxiety or depression due to life's challenges. My intent is to help you alleviate emotional distress as you access inner strength, identify options for change and implement a course of action. Though many of my clients are individuals I have a special interest in couple and family work.
(312) 626-0456 View (312) 626-0456
Photo of Jess Pierotti, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jess Pierotti
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
I come to counseling with a background in the arts, arts education, and the service industry, which all shape how I approach our sessions. I’m particularly passionate about working with the LGBTQ+ community, people in alternative relationship structures, and those exploring kink and pleasure practices in all forms. As an artist and writer, I also love supporting creative individuals who are navigating the unique challenges of their creative practice.
I come to counseling with a background in the arts, arts education, and the service industry, which all shape how I approach our sessions. I’m particularly passionate about working with the LGBTQ+ community, people in alternative relationship structures, and those exploring kink and pleasure practices in all forms. As an artist and writer, I also love supporting creative individuals who are navigating the unique challenges of their creative practice.
(872) 326-8427 View (872) 326-8427
Photo of Christina Zerwer, MA, LCPC, Counselor
Christina Zerwer
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Do you ever feel sad or alone and can't figure out why? Or perhaps something did happen, and you're having a tough time accepting and moving forward. Do you get easily frustrated, annoyed, or angry? Are you finding that while in your younger days you had lots of friends, but are now wondering where everyone has gone? I work with busy adults who are struggling with these types of issues, and want to talk to someone neutral to look within themselves to find the strength and tools to feel better and live happier.
Do you ever feel sad or alone and can't figure out why? Or perhaps something did happen, and you're having a tough time accepting and moving forward. Do you get easily frustrated, annoyed, or angry? Are you finding that while in your younger days you had lots of friends, but are now wondering where everyone has gone? I work with busy adults who are struggling with these types of issues, and want to talk to someone neutral to look within themselves to find the strength and tools to feel better and live happier.
(847) 961-4095 View (847) 961-4095
Photo of Katelyn Easter, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Katelyn Easter
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Looking to clarify expectations, needs, and wants in your relationship? I work with couples and individuals who are navigating the balance of holding onto their individual identity while embracing their relational identity with their partner. Sessions focus on providing psychoeducation and interventions around attachment, identity, vulnerability, communication, trust, emotional regulation, and distress tolerance.
Looking to clarify expectations, needs, and wants in your relationship? I work with couples and individuals who are navigating the balance of holding onto their individual identity while embracing their relational identity with their partner. Sessions focus on providing psychoeducation and interventions around attachment, identity, vulnerability, communication, trust, emotional regulation, and distress tolerance.
(224) 223-1494 View (224) 223-1494
Photo of Kathleen O'Connor, LCPC, CEDS
Kathleen O'Connor
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, CEDS
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60661
My clinical focus lies with eating disorders and body image issues. I have worked in the eating disorder treatment community for 7+ years in a variety of capacities including inpatient, residential, and crisis stabilization programs. I am passionate about eating disorder recovery and collaborating with patients to find balance in their lives. I am anti-diet and HAES aligned. Therapy provides a safe space to be yourself in a supportive environment, helping to meet you where you’re at and work towards creating lasting change.
My clinical focus lies with eating disorders and body image issues. I have worked in the eating disorder treatment community for 7+ years in a variety of capacities including inpatient, residential, and crisis stabilization programs. I am passionate about eating disorder recovery and collaborating with patients to find balance in their lives. I am anti-diet and HAES aligned. Therapy provides a safe space to be yourself in a supportive environment, helping to meet you where you’re at and work towards creating lasting change.
(773) 839-4656 View (773) 839-4656

See more therapy options for La Grange Highlands

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in La Grange Highlands, IL

< 10

Therapists in La Grange Highlands, IL who prioritize treating:

67% Depression
67% Anxiety
67% Grief
67% Self Esteem
67% Stress
67% Life Transitions
50% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

3 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% BlueCross and BlueShield
83% Cigna and Evernorth
67% Aetna

How Therapists in La Grange Highlands, IL see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
16% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in La Grange Highlands?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.