Therapists in Gold Coast, Chicago, IL

Photo of Heather McDermott, Psychologist, MEd, PsyD
Heather McDermott
Psychologist, MEd, PsyD
Gold Coast, Chicago, IL 60610
I have worked in multiple settings nationwide assisting individuals who are experiencing life transitions including divorce, illness, bereavement, and change of careers. I also treat depression, anxiety, addictions (including substance abuse), trauma, and a variety of other psychological concerns. I routinely work with individuals' physicians and a variety of other practitioners to create a comprehensive treatment plan. I am an anger management specialist, certified by the National Association for Anger Management Specialists as well as a Certified Substance Abuse Counselor (CSAC). I am also a certified EMDR therapist.
I have worked in multiple settings nationwide assisting individuals who are experiencing life transitions including divorce, illness, bereavement, and change of careers. I also treat depression, anxiety, addictions (including substance abuse), trauma, and a variety of other psychological concerns. I routinely work with individuals' physicians and a variety of other practitioners to create a comprehensive treatment plan. I am an anger management specialist, certified by the National Association for Anger Management Specialists as well as a Certified Substance Abuse Counselor (CSAC). I am also a certified EMDR therapist.
(224) 263-4813 View (224) 263-4813
Photo of Melissa Goosmann, Counselor, MA, LCPC
Melissa Goosmann
Counselor, MA, LCPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Therapy is a deeply personal process and relationship: whatever your reason for seeking support, you deserve to find a therapist who fits. ​Current times are marked by constant change, challenges, and opportunities. Through understanding and validation, I strive to create an accepting environment for my clients while providing the skills needed to achieve meaningful change. I believe in evidenced-based and collaborative work cultivated by a trusting therapeutic relationship.
Therapy is a deeply personal process and relationship: whatever your reason for seeking support, you deserve to find a therapist who fits. ​Current times are marked by constant change, challenges, and opportunities. Through understanding and validation, I strive to create an accepting environment for my clients while providing the skills needed to achieve meaningful change. I believe in evidenced-based and collaborative work cultivated by a trusting therapeutic relationship.
(872) 204-0214 View (872) 204-0214
Photo of Erin Brumback, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Erin Brumback
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
With over 13 years of experience in mental health, I’m passionate about helping individuals thrive. My approach is strengths-based and person-centered, tailored to each unique journey. I believe that I can help you identify, get to know and accept all of your personality parts. My goal is to help you leave each session with a fresh perspective and a renewed sense of hope!
With over 13 years of experience in mental health, I’m passionate about helping individuals thrive. My approach is strengths-based and person-centered, tailored to each unique journey. I believe that I can help you identify, get to know and accept all of your personality parts. My goal is to help you leave each session with a fresh perspective and a renewed sense of hope!
(872) 274-4156 View (872) 274-4156
Photo of Carole West - Carole West PhD, PLLC, Psychologist, PhD
Carole West PhD, PLLC
Psychologist, PhD
Gold Coast, Chicago, IL 60610
Not accepting new clients
Hello, my name is Dr. Carole West. I am a licensed clinical psychologist who specializes in the treatment of trauma, anxiety disorders, and depression in adults. My approach to psychotherapy is integrative, utilizing primarily psychoanalytic but also cognitive behavioral (CBT) interventions in treating a variety of psychological problems. I help individuals understand and heal their relationship with themselves and others. I am a graduate psychoanalyst for those seeking psychoanalysis. I maintain a private practice in Chicago, IL and I am fully licensed in Illinois and Michigan.
Hello, my name is Dr. Carole West. I am a licensed clinical psychologist who specializes in the treatment of trauma, anxiety disorders, and depression in adults. My approach to psychotherapy is integrative, utilizing primarily psychoanalytic but also cognitive behavioral (CBT) interventions in treating a variety of psychological problems. I help individuals understand and heal their relationship with themselves and others. I am a graduate psychoanalyst for those seeking psychoanalysis. I maintain a private practice in Chicago, IL and I am fully licensed in Illinois and Michigan.
(872) 268-5317 View (872) 268-5317
Photo of A. J. Sturges, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, MA
A. J. Sturges
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, MA
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Going through a 'life transition' that doesn't seem to end? Feeling left behind and unable to catch up? If so, I would like to help. I am an interactive therapist in Chicago who builds capacity for growth and change in clients ready to take a step forward in life. Through an eclectic approach, I validate your experience, identify key areas for growth, and empower you to see a life beyond anxiety, stress, trauma, or disappointment. I utilize various forms of cognitive behavioral activity, and performance psychology to deliver consistent measurable change. I also give "homework" to promote and continue growth outside of our sessions.
Going through a 'life transition' that doesn't seem to end? Feeling left behind and unable to catch up? If so, I would like to help. I am an interactive therapist in Chicago who builds capacity for growth and change in clients ready to take a step forward in life. Through an eclectic approach, I validate your experience, identify key areas for growth, and empower you to see a life beyond anxiety, stress, trauma, or disappointment. I utilize various forms of cognitive behavioral activity, and performance psychology to deliver consistent measurable change. I also give "homework" to promote and continue growth outside of our sessions.
(872) 319-2386 View (872) 319-2386
Photo of Adam Martinson, Psychologist, LCP
Adam Martinson
Psychologist, LCP
Online Only
I specialize in working with teens and young adults struggling with a variety of issues, including but not limited to school problems, ADHD, anxiety, depression, and trauma. I have a background and training in working with a diverse population of individuals across a variety of settings, including inpatient, outpatient, and school settings. My approach to therapy involves creating a safe and supportive space where clients can freely express their concerns while being met with respect and empathy. My approach is a collaborative one. My training is primarily in Cognitive Behavioral therapies.
I specialize in working with teens and young adults struggling with a variety of issues, including but not limited to school problems, ADHD, anxiety, depression, and trauma. I have a background and training in working with a diverse population of individuals across a variety of settings, including inpatient, outpatient, and school settings. My approach to therapy involves creating a safe and supportive space where clients can freely express their concerns while being met with respect and empathy. My approach is a collaborative one. My training is primarily in Cognitive Behavioral therapies.
(773) 985-6781 View (773) 985-6781
Photo of Patricia Viviana Voloschin-Weiner, Counselor, LCPC
Patricia Viviana Voloschin-Weiner
Counselor, LCPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I offer Individual, Marital, and Family Therapy; Divorce Mediation and Court appointed Custody Evaluations as well as Court ordered clinical services such as Anger Management. I have over 35 years of experience offering services in English and Spanish. My goal is to assist clients explore feelings, beliefs, or behaviors that are of concern to them, challenge problematic thoughts and reactions, and work towards happiness and conflict resolution. In sessions we will identify aspects of your life or yourself that you would like to change, improve positive thinking and set realistic goals.
I offer Individual, Marital, and Family Therapy; Divorce Mediation and Court appointed Custody Evaluations as well as Court ordered clinical services such as Anger Management. I have over 35 years of experience offering services in English and Spanish. My goal is to assist clients explore feelings, beliefs, or behaviors that are of concern to them, challenge problematic thoughts and reactions, and work towards happiness and conflict resolution. In sessions we will identify aspects of your life or yourself that you would like to change, improve positive thinking and set realistic goals.
(872) 231-3348 View (872) 231-3348
Photo of Amy Stump, Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC, MA
Amy Stump
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC, MA
Online Only
I believe that the source of suffering stems from outside of us as individuals - that your response to being disempowered and oppressed is real and valid. Having to survive in our environment over time can make us feel.
I believe that the source of suffering stems from outside of us as individuals - that your response to being disempowered and oppressed is real and valid. Having to survive in our environment over time can make us feel.
(872) 278-4071 View (872) 278-4071
Photo of Reed Allen, Counselor, LCPC
Reed Allen
Counselor, LCPC
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Many people come to therapy feeling stuck in patterns that no longer serve them—whether that’s overwhelm, self-doubt, relationship challenges, or feeling pulled in different directions internally. My ideal clients are curious about themselves and open to understanding the patterns and internal conflicts shaping their experiences. Therapy is a collaborative process focused on building insight, growth, and creating sustainable change.
Many people come to therapy feeling stuck in patterns that no longer serve them—whether that’s overwhelm, self-doubt, relationship challenges, or feeling pulled in different directions internally. My ideal clients are curious about themselves and open to understanding the patterns and internal conflicts shaping their experiences. Therapy is a collaborative process focused on building insight, growth, and creating sustainable change.
(312) 313-9916 View (312) 313-9916
Photo of Steven Losardo, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Steven Losardo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
That breakup was awful. It’s weighing on you – much more than you thought it would. No one would know the pain you’re in – after all, you’re the guy who’s successful, put together, and “has it all.” But inside, you’re reeling in the fallout of the relationship. You replay what went wrong – what you should’ve, could’ve, or would’ve done differently. It’s keeping you up at night. You distract yourself at work, the gym, or with a drink, but they’re only fleeting breaks from the loneliness and self-doubt. You want to move forward, but grief keeps you from feeling strong and hopeful again.
That breakup was awful. It’s weighing on you – much more than you thought it would. No one would know the pain you’re in – after all, you’re the guy who’s successful, put together, and “has it all.” But inside, you’re reeling in the fallout of the relationship. You replay what went wrong – what you should’ve, could’ve, or would’ve done differently. It’s keeping you up at night. You distract yourself at work, the gym, or with a drink, but they’re only fleeting breaks from the loneliness and self-doubt. You want to move forward, but grief keeps you from feeling strong and hopeful again.
(312) 667-2923 View (312) 667-2923

Online Therapists

Photo of Margaret Tobin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Margaret Tobin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60614
Thanks for visiting! I am currently accepting new clients. I believe that therapy is an opportunity to make positive and lasting change. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker I am committed to working with individual clients struggling with anxiety, depression, life changes and transitions, relationships, grief and loss and trauma. I utilize a strengths-based approach to collaborate with clients, locate resilience, and assist them in recognizing their value and potential. I strongly believe in the healing power of the therapeutic relationship and use that relationship to empower and encourage clients to make meaningful change.
Thanks for visiting! I am currently accepting new clients. I believe that therapy is an opportunity to make positive and lasting change. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker I am committed to working with individual clients struggling with anxiety, depression, life changes and transitions, relationships, grief and loss and trauma. I utilize a strengths-based approach to collaborate with clients, locate resilience, and assist them in recognizing their value and potential. I strongly believe in the healing power of the therapeutic relationship and use that relationship to empower and encourage clients to make meaningful change.
(708) 480-9573 View (708) 480-9573
Photo of Claude Louis, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Claude Louis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Chicago, IL 60614
Claude works with clients with issues such as managing anxiety, depression, men's issues, interpersonal issues, trauma, discrimination related to their identity, and other serious mental health challenges. Committed to developing self-awareness, Claude will help clients improve their mental health, achieve healing and alignment in their lives, and address their unique issues. During your sessions, he will work with you to develop practical strategies that empower you to understand and challenge inequities. Together, Claude collaborates with clients to foster self-awareness, empowering them to navigate difficult life challenges.
Claude works with clients with issues such as managing anxiety, depression, men's issues, interpersonal issues, trauma, discrimination related to their identity, and other serious mental health challenges. Committed to developing self-awareness, Claude will help clients improve their mental health, achieve healing and alignment in their lives, and address their unique issues. During your sessions, he will work with you to develop practical strategies that empower you to understand and challenge inequities. Together, Claude collaborates with clients to foster self-awareness, empowering them to navigate difficult life challenges.
(872) 246-7198 View (872) 246-7198
Photo of Camille Vincent, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, MFT
Camille Vincent
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, MFT
Chicago, IL 60602
Welcome! I’m Camille, a therapist passionate about helping teens, adults, and couples navigate life’s pivotal moments. I specialize in reproductive and perinatal mental health, sexual health, identity development, and parenting transitions. Whether you’re adjusting to parenthood, healing from reproductive challenges, or strengthening your relationships, I provide a warm, nonjudgmental space to support growth and connection. I offer sessions in English and French.
Welcome! I’m Camille, a therapist passionate about helping teens, adults, and couples navigate life’s pivotal moments. I specialize in reproductive and perinatal mental health, sexual health, identity development, and parenting transitions. Whether you’re adjusting to parenthood, healing from reproductive challenges, or strengthening your relationships, I provide a warm, nonjudgmental space to support growth and connection. I offer sessions in English and French.
(312) 809-5866 View (312) 809-5866
Photo of Julie Johnson - Julie Johnson, MA, LCPC, Counselor, MA, LCPC
Julie Johnson, MA, LCPC
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Chicago, IL 60618
I specialize in working with people who have experienced trauma. Trauma can leave a person feeling numb, disconnected as if your life has been turned upside down. I would like to assist you with your healing journey. My focus is a Holistic approach to helping people recover and heal after a traumatic event and learn new ways of coping and managing their traumatic responses. When someone does not heal from a traumatic event, they can develop Post Traumatic Stress disorder (PTSD) depression, and/or anxiety.
I specialize in working with people who have experienced trauma. Trauma can leave a person feeling numb, disconnected as if your life has been turned upside down. I would like to assist you with your healing journey. My focus is a Holistic approach to helping people recover and heal after a traumatic event and learn new ways of coping and managing their traumatic responses. When someone does not heal from a traumatic event, they can develop Post Traumatic Stress disorder (PTSD) depression, and/or anxiety.
(773) 809-3919 View (773) 809-3919
Photo of Abigail Faber, Psychologist, PsychD, PMH-C
Abigail Faber
Psychologist, PsychD, PMH-C
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657
I am an experienced Clinical Psychologist working with adults experiencing anxiety, depression, stress and life transitions. I am passionate at helping people identify what is important to you and exploring new ways to better cope with what is preventing you from connecting to the life you want to live. I focus on doing what works, which is individual to each person. I draw upon evidence-based therapies and your own personal experiences to help you discover what works for you! I have a particular interest in working with perinatal issues, including perinatal depression and anxiety, birth trauma and transition to parenthood.
I am an experienced Clinical Psychologist working with adults experiencing anxiety, depression, stress and life transitions. I am passionate at helping people identify what is important to you and exploring new ways to better cope with what is preventing you from connecting to the life you want to live. I focus on doing what works, which is individual to each person. I draw upon evidence-based therapies and your own personal experiences to help you discover what works for you! I have a particular interest in working with perinatal issues, including perinatal depression and anxiety, birth trauma and transition to parenthood.
(872) 231-0509 View (872) 231-0509
Photo of Eve Brownstone - Brownstone Therapeutics,PLLC, Counselor, LCPC, AB-CP, CGE
Brownstone Therapeutics,PLLC
Counselor, LCPC, AB-CP, CGE
Chicago, IL 60660
Eve is a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC), Grief Educator, and Expressive Arts Therapist with over 30 years of experience helping adults and elders navigate life transitions, grief, trauma, and personal growth. She provides a warm, collaborative environment rooted in compassion, curiosity, and deep respect for each individual’s lived experience.
Eve is a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC), Grief Educator, and Expressive Arts Therapist with over 30 years of experience helping adults and elders navigate life transitions, grief, trauma, and personal growth. She provides a warm, collaborative environment rooted in compassion, curiosity, and deep respect for each individual’s lived experience.
(773) 300-5802 View (773) 300-5802
Photo of Dr. Pavanam Sasha Valuyeetham, Psychologist, MA, PsyD
Dr. Pavanam Sasha Valuyeetham
Psychologist, MA, PsyD
Chicago, IL 60614
As a BIPOC psychologist with a multicultural background, I bring a thoughtful observational lens to my work with diverse populations. I am especially drawn to working with middle school, high school, college-aged individuals, and adults navigating transitions and trying to better understand their brain style and executive functioning. As someone who has also struggled with schooling, I recognize how home environment, learning styles, cognitive abilities, and emotional regulation shape executive functioning. These factors influence how we learn, form relationships, and engage with the world.
As a BIPOC psychologist with a multicultural background, I bring a thoughtful observational lens to my work with diverse populations. I am especially drawn to working with middle school, high school, college-aged individuals, and adults navigating transitions and trying to better understand their brain style and executive functioning. As someone who has also struggled with schooling, I recognize how home environment, learning styles, cognitive abilities, and emotional regulation shape executive functioning. These factors influence how we learn, form relationships, and engage with the world.
(872) 266-9934 View (872) 266-9934
Photo of Paige Moore, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMSW, PMH-C
Paige Moore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMSW, PMH-C
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60611
Is there something holding you back from living the life you want? Do you feel anxious, depressed, uncertain, fearful or confused as to how to move forward? Do you hope to change an aspect of your life but you don’t know where to start? The journey of therapy can be a powerful tool to help you move through and uncover some of the obstacles that prevent you towards claiming the life you imagined. While I commonly see people struggling with change in their life, anxiety, and navigating their 20's-40s, some other common themes include grief, self-acceptance, relationship concerns, chronic illness, and perinatal mental health concerns.
Is there something holding you back from living the life you want? Do you feel anxious, depressed, uncertain, fearful or confused as to how to move forward? Do you hope to change an aspect of your life but you don’t know where to start? The journey of therapy can be a powerful tool to help you move through and uncover some of the obstacles that prevent you towards claiming the life you imagined. While I commonly see people struggling with change in their life, anxiety, and navigating their 20's-40s, some other common themes include grief, self-acceptance, relationship concerns, chronic illness, and perinatal mental health concerns.
(872) 328-5127 View (872) 328-5127
Photo of Darby Chamness, Pre-Licensed Professional, LSW
Darby Chamness
Pre-Licensed Professional, LSW
Chicago, IL 60630
As a therapist, I strive to create a warm, compassionate, and collaborative space where you can explore how you move through the world—especially the parts of yourself that may have gone unheard or unseen. I believe in meeting you exactly where you are, and in building a therapeutic relationship that affirms your needs while gently encouraging growth, curiosity, and change. I specialize in anxiety, depression, trauma, OCD, and relational concerns. Whether you're navigating internal struggles or seeking to improve your relationships, I’m here to support you with compassion, insight, and the tools to move forward.
As a therapist, I strive to create a warm, compassionate, and collaborative space where you can explore how you move through the world—especially the parts of yourself that may have gone unheard or unseen. I believe in meeting you exactly where you are, and in building a therapeutic relationship that affirms your needs while gently encouraging growth, curiosity, and change. I specialize in anxiety, depression, trauma, OCD, and relational concerns. Whether you're navigating internal struggles or seeking to improve your relationships, I’m here to support you with compassion, insight, and the tools to move forward.
(773) 904-1411 View (773) 904-1411
Photo of Peter Zook, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Peter Zook
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60641
Healing begins in relationship, whether you're a child expressing big feelings through play, or an adult working through old wounds and new challenges. I offer a warm, relational approach that honors where you are and compassionately supports growth, connection, and resilience. For children, I use play therapy to help them express what they may not yet have words for. Through developmentally attuned, child-centered play, children begin to feel safe, seen, and understood. For adults, I offer a grounded, inclusive space to explore experiences, past and present, and how they may be affecting daily life.
Healing begins in relationship, whether you're a child expressing big feelings through play, or an adult working through old wounds and new challenges. I offer a warm, relational approach that honors where you are and compassionately supports growth, connection, and resilience. For children, I use play therapy to help them express what they may not yet have words for. Through developmentally attuned, child-centered play, children begin to feel safe, seen, and understood. For adults, I offer a grounded, inclusive space to explore experiences, past and present, and how they may be affecting daily life.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Gold Coast, Chicago, IL

10+

Average cost per session

$155

Therapists in Gold Coast, Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
90% Relationship Issues
80% Self Esteem
70% ADHD
70% Depression
70% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% BlueCross and BlueShield
75% Aetna
75% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Gold Coast, Chicago, IL see their clients

80% Online Only
20% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

56% Female
33% Male
11% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Gold Coast, Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.