Therapists in Boise, ID
Charles M Rice
Psychologist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boise, ID 83704
Many have been helped who suffer from anxiety, panic, post-traumatic stress, phobias, and depression.
Medical problems are treated including tension headache, migraine, chronic pain,irritable bowel syndrome, chrones disease, MS, Lupus, arthritis, fibromyalgia, stress and immune system insufficiency.
Addictions are treated including including sex addiction, addiction to pornography, cyber-gaming, food and nicotine addiction.
Also treated are adult children of addicts, and personality disorders.
Treatment methods include a solution focused, brief therapy that include cognitive behavior therapy, rational hypnotherapy, bio-feedback and brief, gestalt therapy.
Many have been helped who suffer from anxiety, panic, post-traumatic stress, phobias, and depression.
Medical problems are treated including tension headache, migraine, chronic pain,irritable bowel syndrome, chrones disease, MS, Lupus, arthritis, fibromyalgia, stress and immune system insufficiency.
Addictions are treated including including sex addiction, addiction to pornography, cyber-gaming, food and nicotine addiction.
Also treated are adult children of addicts, and personality disorders.
Treatment methods include a solution focused, brief therapy that include cognitive behavior therapy, rational hypnotherapy, bio-feedback and brief, gestalt therapy.
Stacey Cooper
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Boise, ID 83703 (Online Only)
I am a compassionate and encouraging therapist and an attentive listener. I understand how hard it can be to seek help or to open up to a new person. I provide a safe and nonjudgmental situation in which to process anything you might need to. I believe that counseling is the process of working toward understanding yourself to have a happy and fulfilled life. I really enjoy helping others through that process.
I am a compassionate and encouraging therapist and an attentive listener. I understand how hard it can be to seek help or to open up to a new person. I provide a safe and nonjudgmental situation in which to process anything you might need to. I believe that counseling is the process of working toward understanding yourself to have a happy and fulfilled life. I really enjoy helping others through that process.
Peter Billings
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
Boise, ID 83702
I really admire people who come in for counseling. My goal is to help you build on that courage to find your own unique solutions. A lot of the pain we feel as people has to do with the state of our relationships. That's why I specialize in working with couples using Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT). This well-researched model helps couples get free of repetitive negative patterns that hurt, and replace them with skills for building a deeply satisfying, trusting connection. I have used EFT to help many couples repair deeply damaged relationships and go on to thrive together.
I really admire people who come in for counseling. My goal is to help you build on that courage to find your own unique solutions. A lot of the pain we feel as people has to do with the state of our relationships. That's why I specialize in working with couples using Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT). This well-researched model helps couples get free of repetitive negative patterns that hurt, and replace them with skills for building a deeply satisfying, trusting connection. I have used EFT to help many couples repair deeply damaged relationships and go on to thrive together.
Amanda Yoder
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boise, ID 83702
Hello! I'm Dr. Yoder. Seeking growth is a brave (and sometimes anxiety-provoking) thing to do. It takes curiosity, courage, and openness to lean into this work. I specialize in depression, anxieties, relational trauma or abuse, harm reduction, complex PTSD, and identity development. It is truly a privilege to walk with each of my clients through the pain they arrived with, and notice that we come out on the other side together, with new empowerment - I love this work.
Hello! I'm Dr. Yoder. Seeking growth is a brave (and sometimes anxiety-provoking) thing to do. It takes curiosity, courage, and openness to lean into this work. I specialize in depression, anxieties, relational trauma or abuse, harm reduction, complex PTSD, and identity development. It is truly a privilege to walk with each of my clients through the pain they arrived with, and notice that we come out on the other side together, with new empowerment - I love this work.
Jessica Rix
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boise, ID 83702 (Online Only)
Have past hurts, trauma, and loss impacted your ability to have a healthy relationship with yourself and others? Do you struggle to love and accept yourself, manage your anxiety, have healthy relationships, and/or feel confident? I love working with women to navigate their specific needs including identity, anxiety, pregnancy and postpartum concerns, motherhood, body image, strained/broken relationships, shame/guilt, perfectionistic tendencies, and overwhelm. I love seeing women let go of the past, change their inner dialogue, learn to find calmness, and show up as who they want to be.
Have past hurts, trauma, and loss impacted your ability to have a healthy relationship with yourself and others? Do you struggle to love and accept yourself, manage your anxiety, have healthy relationships, and/or feel confident? I love working with women to navigate their specific needs including identity, anxiety, pregnancy and postpartum concerns, motherhood, body image, strained/broken relationships, shame/guilt, perfectionistic tendencies, and overwhelm. I love seeing women let go of the past, change their inner dialogue, learn to find calmness, and show up as who they want to be.
Jared Lupton
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Boise, ID 83709
Therapy is a process, and my goal is to guide you toward a better understanding of yourself and your choices, values, emotions and relationships. Therapy is not one-size-fits-all, and takes courage to get started. My approach is based on your current struggles, concerns and personality style. Your goal as a client is to one day leave therapy with new insights, tools and strategies to live life to the fullest. I have been a licensed professional counselor since 2023; our office is quiet and comfortable with free parking on-site.
Therapy is a process, and my goal is to guide you toward a better understanding of yourself and your choices, values, emotions and relationships. Therapy is not one-size-fits-all, and takes courage to get started. My approach is based on your current struggles, concerns and personality style. Your goal as a client is to one day leave therapy with new insights, tools and strategies to live life to the fullest. I have been a licensed professional counselor since 2023; our office is quiet and comfortable with free parking on-site.
Debra Marshall
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LAMFT, LMFT, CCTP
Verified Verified
Boise, ID 83702
I specialize in families/couples, and I am an Idaho-licensed LMFT and Arizona-licensed LAMFT. Often clients seek therapy because they have become stuck. Sometimes relationships begin great, but life/situations cause a change to happen. We all have personal challenges, have stressful periods, or go through traumatic times. The desire to seek help to explore and process these problems can open the door to positive growth. I believe in the healing power of relationships: no matter the wounds, if all parties are willing to heal, I will help.
I specialize in families/couples, and I am an Idaho-licensed LMFT and Arizona-licensed LAMFT. Often clients seek therapy because they have become stuck. Sometimes relationships begin great, but life/situations cause a change to happen. We all have personal challenges, have stressful periods, or go through traumatic times. The desire to seek help to explore and process these problems can open the door to positive growth. I believe in the healing power of relationships: no matter the wounds, if all parties are willing to heal, I will help.
Yves Raoul Pogue
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boise, ID 83703
My ideal client is anyone of any age, background, or concern who is ready to have a safe space to work through their past and present, and move toward the future. You may have been working through things alone and area ready for help on your journey, or you may just be noticing that things are feeling too hard or too heavy to deal with alone. As long as you are ready to step into a safe space, and start the process, I am ready to help!
My ideal client is anyone of any age, background, or concern who is ready to have a safe space to work through their past and present, and move toward the future. You may have been working through things alone and area ready for help on your journey, or you may just be noticing that things are feeling too hard or too heavy to deal with alone. As long as you are ready to step into a safe space, and start the process, I am ready to help!
Sara Busick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boise, ID 83709
Clients who are struggling with living their best lives find connection and healing in my practice. I have a special strength in working with people who are neurodivergent to help them learn to drop the mask and live a more authentic life, as well as cope with, process, and adjust their lives to better fit their needs. I am EMDR trained. My other specialties include helping adolescents, teens, and adults work through trauma (sexual trauma is a special strength), working with highly intelligent individuals, as well as solution-focused work regarding a specific problem. I now offer Autism and ADHD Testing- Contact me for details!
Clients who are struggling with living their best lives find connection and healing in my practice. I have a special strength in working with people who are neurodivergent to help them learn to drop the mask and live a more authentic life, as well as cope with, process, and adjust their lives to better fit their needs. I am EMDR trained. My other specialties include helping adolescents, teens, and adults work through trauma (sexual trauma is a special strength), working with highly intelligent individuals, as well as solution-focused work regarding a specific problem. I now offer Autism and ADHD Testing- Contact me for details!
Vanessa Noblitt Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Boise, ID 83702
Counseling can be both an exciting and scary adventure kind of like getting on a rollercoaster, delighted for the ride but filled with butterflies. You’re looking for acceptance, and connection. You feel unloved, alone, or fight to understand your emotions. You desire the ability to stand up for yourself, create healthy relationships, and set boundaries. With the ever-growing pressure of societal expectations, you aim for perfection but often fall short of the finish line. The word balance brings hope; you ache for the ability to feel firmly rooted in who you are, gracefully adjust to change, and find steadiness in your thoughts.
Counseling can be both an exciting and scary adventure kind of like getting on a rollercoaster, delighted for the ride but filled with butterflies. You’re looking for acceptance, and connection. You feel unloved, alone, or fight to understand your emotions. You desire the ability to stand up for yourself, create healthy relationships, and set boundaries. With the ever-growing pressure of societal expectations, you aim for perfection but often fall short of the finish line. The word balance brings hope; you ache for the ability to feel firmly rooted in who you are, gracefully adjust to change, and find steadiness in your thoughts.
Beverly Hines
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Boise, ID 83702
Not accepting new clients
Currently not accepting new clients. - - - Do you feel overwhelmed and stressed by a challenging situation? You may have difficulty asserting yourself, dealing with a relationship conflict or break-up, coping with grief and loss, building self-esteem, healing from past trauma, adjusting to life transitions, and/or parenting effectively. These situations can be painful and confusing, and people often feel frustrated, afraid, sad, and lonely - sometimes leading to anxiety and depression.
Currently not accepting new clients. - - - Do you feel overwhelmed and stressed by a challenging situation? You may have difficulty asserting yourself, dealing with a relationship conflict or break-up, coping with grief and loss, building self-esteem, healing from past trauma, adjusting to life transitions, and/or parenting effectively. These situations can be painful and confusing, and people often feel frustrated, afraid, sad, and lonely - sometimes leading to anxiety and depression.
15 Second Videos
Charles M Rice
Vanessa Noblitt Counseling
Beverly Hines
Raelynn Grant
Amy Faragher
Lea Kathryn Bowman
Vessel Christian Counseling
Beau Kolodz
Pam Harris
WildRose Wellness, PLLC
Kyle Davis
Candace Cooper
Patrick Powers
The Relational Couple
Danielle Wayne | Anxiety And Adult Adhd Therapist
Marc Zola
Bethany Burgess
Azia Lee Zajanc
Ali Astrid Moto
Megan S. Carney
Kim Caskin Gattiker
Reset Life Counseling & Coaching LLC
Adam Hugh Brotman
Dylan Haas
Matthew Adam Schubert
Mari Mora
Jane Jablonski
Denae L. Barowsky
Riley Fairgrieve
Laura Morell
Jessica Maitri
Cameron Wiemerslage
Trevor Allen
Matthew D Geske
Deborah Dettman
Dia Rivers
Alisha K. Hurlbert
Emily Yuen
Zachary Preboski
Makayla Fisher
Luann Warren, PhD, LLC
Sean Brosnan
Katherine Wright
Danielle Louie
Soul Sage LLC
Angelika Van Grinsven
Audie Black
Laura Mundy
Emily Rosson
Malik-Hakim Kadir
Rose White
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boise, ID 83705
Waitlist for new clients
Thank you for your interest in my counseling page, I'm glad you're looking into it. Whether you've gone before or it's the first time, it can be intimidating to take the first steps. In counseling my goal is to help you feel at ease and flow more easily with the transitions that happen throughout our lives. Come visit as you are working through changes, your relationship, anxiety, or stress, struggling with depression, past trauma or self-esteem issues; whatever may keep you from alignment with your highest self. Through coaching and consultation, I also offer assistance with parenting, life strategies, and planning with students.
Thank you for your interest in my counseling page, I'm glad you're looking into it. Whether you've gone before or it's the first time, it can be intimidating to take the first steps. In counseling my goal is to help you feel at ease and flow more easily with the transitions that happen throughout our lives. Come visit as you are working through changes, your relationship, anxiety, or stress, struggling with depression, past trauma or self-esteem issues; whatever may keep you from alignment with your highest self. Through coaching and consultation, I also offer assistance with parenting, life strategies, and planning with students.
Anne McGinley
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Boise, ID 83706 (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in treating anyone who may be struggling with anxiety, trauma, or a mood disorder. Many of my clients are tired of feeling stressed, unheard, unseen, or overwhelmed. I am here to be a thinking partner with my clients and to express empathy. I emphasize being nonjudgmental in my practice and in advocating for my clients in any goals they may want to achieve. My goal in counseling is to help my clients achieve better mental health, and to find more peace.
I specialize in treating anyone who may be struggling with anxiety, trauma, or a mood disorder. Many of my clients are tired of feeling stressed, unheard, unseen, or overwhelmed. I am here to be a thinking partner with my clients and to express empathy. I emphasize being nonjudgmental in my practice and in advocating for my clients in any goals they may want to achieve. My goal in counseling is to help my clients achieve better mental health, and to find more peace.
Raelynn Grant
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Boise, ID 83706 (Online Only)
Negative self-talk is a never ending loop reminding you that you are not enough and you lack the will-power to reach your goals. Part of you believes you can’t change and this fear keeps you stuck. However, if you are reading this you have not given up on the idea things can get better. Therapy can provide the support your need as you learn to choose what you want rather than reacting from the past or worries for the future.
Negative self-talk is a never ending loop reminding you that you are not enough and you lack the will-power to reach your goals. Part of you believes you can’t change and this fear keeps you stuck. However, if you are reading this you have not given up on the idea things can get better. Therapy can provide the support your need as you learn to choose what you want rather than reacting from the past or worries for the future.
Greg Sutton
Counselor, LCPC, CSAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boise, ID 83702
Not accepting new clients
Choosing the right therapist is like choosing the right medical doctor. You are placing your emotional health in the hands of another person. You want someone you feel comfortable with because you will be sharing very personal things and one who has experience working with the issues you need addressed. Let me help you navigate that process. My philosophy is that individuals come into treatment with a complaint, but this is a surface symptom, not the core issue or driving force. This is what must be revealed and worked through to gain and sustain physical and emotional well being.
Choosing the right therapist is like choosing the right medical doctor. You are placing your emotional health in the hands of another person. You want someone you feel comfortable with because you will be sharing very personal things and one who has experience working with the issues you need addressed. Let me help you navigate that process. My philosophy is that individuals come into treatment with a complaint, but this is a surface symptom, not the core issue or driving force. This is what must be revealed and worked through to gain and sustain physical and emotional well being.
Susan Reuling Furness
Marriage & Family Therapist, MEd, LCPC, LMFT, PTR
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Boise, ID 83702
When you consider your life, think in terms of possibility, rather than limitations. Effective counseling should provide a steady progression from confusion, uncertainty, and wounding toward healing, health and well-being. To offer this kind of therapy, I fine-tune my ear to your individual needs and your situation. Your solutions must fit with your principles and values. Simply put, I see no point in offering cookie-cutter answers. As a member of Your Team, I will help you uncover both creative and plausible solutions to seemingly impossible problems.
When you consider your life, think in terms of possibility, rather than limitations. Effective counseling should provide a steady progression from confusion, uncertainty, and wounding toward healing, health and well-being. To offer this kind of therapy, I fine-tune my ear to your individual needs and your situation. Your solutions must fit with your principles and values. Simply put, I see no point in offering cookie-cutter answers. As a member of Your Team, I will help you uncover both creative and plausible solutions to seemingly impossible problems.
Sidra A Beckett
Counselor, MS, NCC, LCPC
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Boise, ID 83703
EMAIL is BETTER than PHONE -Only offering TELE-HEALTH at this time for initial appt. then can move to in person. I love my work. It's a blessing to connect with people on the most human level each day. I enjoy the challenges of supporting my clients' journeys of discovery. I love helping them uncover their strengths, and relish the power of different perspectives on life's journey. I enjoy working with all ages, but I specialize in adolescents and young adults. I also work with couples/groups on relationship dynamics, communication skills, and healthy boundaries. I'm honest, transparent, and direct.
EMAIL is BETTER than PHONE -Only offering TELE-HEALTH at this time for initial appt. then can move to in person. I love my work. It's a blessing to connect with people on the most human level each day. I enjoy the challenges of supporting my clients' journeys of discovery. I love helping them uncover their strengths, and relish the power of different perspectives on life's journey. I enjoy working with all ages, but I specialize in adolescents and young adults. I also work with couples/groups on relationship dynamics, communication skills, and healthy boundaries. I'm honest, transparent, and direct.
Alison Plant
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Boise, ID 83706
Healing begins the moment we start to feel seen and heard. I provide an acceptance oriented space where clients can explore the roots of patterns and emotions, allowing for healing and self-awareness. I seek to accompany individuals through life's obstacles, offering tools and insights to empower clients to facilitate positive change in their life. I specialize in assisting teens, young adults, and adults struggling with depression, anxiety, life transitions, addiction, and social/relationship concerns. I aim to assist clients in healing from the past, finding meaning and joy in the present, and discovering their authentic selves.
Healing begins the moment we start to feel seen and heard. I provide an acceptance oriented space where clients can explore the roots of patterns and emotions, allowing for healing and self-awareness. I seek to accompany individuals through life's obstacles, offering tools and insights to empower clients to facilitate positive change in their life. I specialize in assisting teens, young adults, and adults struggling with depression, anxiety, life transitions, addiction, and social/relationship concerns. I aim to assist clients in healing from the past, finding meaning and joy in the present, and discovering their authentic selves.
A New Beginning Support Services
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Boise, ID 83704
We know life is a journey full of surprises, both good and bad, and rarely includes instructions. Together, we build a positive and therapeutic relationship to help navigate life's journey. Our approach varies based on the needs of the individual client(s), but always begins with a welcoming and safe environment. This might include one on one counseling, marriage, family or group counseling, and may utilize play therapy, EMDR, or trauma focused therapy.
We know life is a journey full of surprises, both good and bad, and rarely includes instructions. Together, we build a positive and therapeutic relationship to help navigate life's journey. Our approach varies based on the needs of the individual client(s), but always begins with a welcoming and safe environment. This might include one on one counseling, marriage, family or group counseling, and may utilize play therapy, EMDR, or trauma focused therapy.
Paul Vandaele
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, EMDR-T
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boise, ID 83706
Not accepting new clients
Life can have its challenges, but I believe in one's ability to overcome and to thrive in life. Whatever it is you may be struggling with, I am willing to help you get through it. This is a place you can be yourself, discuss your challenges, and do so without judgement.
Life can have its challenges, but I believe in one's ability to overcome and to thrive in life. Whatever it is you may be struggling with, I am willing to help you get through it. This is a place you can be yourself, discuss your challenges, and do so without judgement.
See more therapy options for Boise
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in Boise, ID
900+
Average cost per session
$140
Therapists in Boise, ID who prioritize treating:
93% | Anxiety |
88% | Depression |
78% | Relationship Issues |
76% | Self Esteem |
73% | Trauma and PTSD |
72% | Stress |
69% | Coping Skills |
Average years in practice
10 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
79% | Blue Cross |
64% | Regence |
62% | BlueCross and BlueShield |
How Therapists in Boise, ID see their clients
76% | In Person and Online | |
24% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
75% | Female | |
24% | Male | |
1% | Non-Binary |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in Boise?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.