Family Therapy in Coeur d'Alene, ID

Photo of Susan M Beglinger, Marriage & Family Therapist in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Susan M Beglinger
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814  (Online Only)
Therapy should help you find answers to questions and experience strength, confidence and the life you wish to live. 30 years of experience has allowed me to work effectively with many different individuals; couples, parents, college students, families and groups. I have extensive training in EMDR for trauma, addictions, couples and family therapy. My role as your therapist is to support, direct, encourage, and challenge you in gaining clarity, understanding, insight, courage, and peace of mind.
Therapy should help you find answers to questions and experience strength, confidence and the life you wish to live. 30 years of experience has allowed me to work effectively with many different individuals; couples, parents, college students, families and groups. I have extensive training in EMDR for trauma, addictions, couples and family therapy. My role as your therapist is to support, direct, encourage, and challenge you in gaining clarity, understanding, insight, courage, and peace of mind.
(208) 274-7642 View (208) 274-7642
Photo of Whitney Baker, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Whitney Baker
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
In our sessions, we'll explore these challenges together, using approaches like Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) and Internal Family Systems (IFS) that are specifically designed to address the roots of emotional distress and relational difficulties.
If you're finding yourself here, perhaps you're navigating through a period of anxiety, facing the echoes of past traumas, or you're in the midst of life changes that feel overwhelmingly complex. You might be someone who values deep, meaningful relationships, yet finds yourself struggling with creating or maintaining these connections, whether with a partner, family members, or within your circle of friends. If these words resonate with you, know that you're not alone in these experiences.
In our sessions, we'll explore these challenges together, using approaches like Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) and Internal Family Systems (IFS) that are specifically designed to address the roots of emotional distress and relational difficulties.
If you're finding yourself here, perhaps you're navigating through a period of anxiety, facing the echoes of past traumas, or you're in the midst of life changes that feel overwhelmingly complex. You might be someone who values deep, meaningful relationships, yet finds yourself struggling with creating or maintaining these connections, whether with a partner, family members, or within your circle of friends. If these words resonate with you, know that you're not alone in these experiences.
(208) 408-8961 View (208) 408-8961
Photo of Emily Stadstad, Marriage & Family Therapist in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Emily Stadstad
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
Hi, I'm Emily! I currently have a short waitlist, but my practice is accepting new clients. I am someone that is dedicated to my work and truly enjoys forming therapeutic relationships with others. I believe the therapist-client relationship is the key to healing in therapy. As a Marriage and Family Therapist, I examine the entire system to support clients in realizing how their relationships, habits, and environments can affect their mental health in both negative and positive ways. My goal as your therapist is to guide you towards a more fulfilling and content way of life.
Hi, I'm Emily! I currently have a short waitlist, but my practice is accepting new clients. I am someone that is dedicated to my work and truly enjoys forming therapeutic relationships with others. I believe the therapist-client relationship is the key to healing in therapy. As a Marriage and Family Therapist, I examine the entire system to support clients in realizing how their relationships, habits, and environments can affect their mental health in both negative and positive ways. My goal as your therapist is to guide you towards a more fulfilling and content way of life.
(208) 225-6854 View (208) 225-6854
Photo of Navara Reardon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Navara Reardon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
I am a trained TBRI practitioner, EMDR, practitioner, Certified Amen Clinic Brain Coach, Certified in Internal Family Systems, and Certified Mental Health Integrative Medicine Provider.
When considering a therapist, I think one of the most important factors is that of connection. Do you feel understood? Do you experience a felt-sense of safety? Are you living your best life? I have a wide range of clients both in age, gender, sexual orientation, and goals. What sets me apart from other therapists is my passion, purpose, and training. I have the heart to serve those that have been wounded in their life journey and desire to heal from these experiences. Our bodies, minds, and brains are so complex. Therapy is a journey that includes a comprehensive road map for treatment based on your goals.
I am a trained TBRI practitioner, EMDR, practitioner, Certified Amen Clinic Brain Coach, Certified in Internal Family Systems, and Certified Mental Health Integrative Medicine Provider.
When considering a therapist, I think one of the most important factors is that of connection. Do you feel understood? Do you experience a felt-sense of safety? Are you living your best life? I have a wide range of clients both in age, gender, sexual orientation, and goals. What sets me apart from other therapists is my passion, purpose, and training. I have the heart to serve those that have been wounded in their life journey and desire to heal from these experiences. Our bodies, minds, and brains are so complex. Therapy is a journey that includes a comprehensive road map for treatment based on your goals.
(208) 328-6148 View (208) 328-6148
Photo of Lisa Frazier, Licensed Professional Counselor in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Lisa Frazier
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMFT, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814  (Online Only)
I have been providing counseling services to individuals, couples, and families for over 12 years and licensed as a Professional Counselor and Marriage and Family Therapist since 2014. I completed a Master's Degree in Couples and Family Counseling from the College of William and Mary in 2012 and have an array of clinically intensive experiences. As appropriate, I work collaboratively with community providers and support systems to provide a holistic model of care. I specialize in working with individuals struggling with various forms of depression, anxiety, trauma, grief/loss, behavioral difficulties, and complex family dynamics.
I have been providing counseling services to individuals, couples, and families for over 12 years and licensed as a Professional Counselor and Marriage and Family Therapist since 2014. I completed a Master's Degree in Couples and Family Counseling from the College of William and Mary in 2012 and have an array of clinically intensive experiences. As appropriate, I work collaboratively with community providers and support systems to provide a holistic model of care. I specialize in working with individuals struggling with various forms of depression, anxiety, trauma, grief/loss, behavioral difficulties, and complex family dynamics.
(208) 328-5947 View (208) 328-5947
Photo of Sandra Marie Gunn, Marriage & Family Therapist in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Sandra Marie Gunn
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814  (Online Only)
My name is Sandra Gunn and I am a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist in Idaho. I have worked extensively with families, children and couples for many years in private practice. I have also worked in the Non Profit sector advocating for children's safety and strong family systems. My many years as a business owner has given me hands on life experiences, both with managing children, work, and relationships. I believe that the key to a fulfilled life is to keep it simple as is my view on change and therapy- focus on our strengths with positive affirmations, and make small attainable goals and trust me change will follow.
My name is Sandra Gunn and I am a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist in Idaho. I have worked extensively with families, children and couples for many years in private practice. I have also worked in the Non Profit sector advocating for children's safety and strong family systems. My many years as a business owner has given me hands on life experiences, both with managing children, work, and relationships. I believe that the key to a fulfilled life is to keep it simple as is my view on change and therapy- focus on our strengths with positive affirmations, and make small attainable goals and trust me change will follow.
(208) 469-4887 View (208) 469-4887
Photo of Elizabeth Koep, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Elizabeth Koep
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
Waitlist for new clients
I offer individual sessions, family sessions, skill-based groups, and workshops.
Hello, I am Beth Koep. I am a Clinical Social Worker in the Coeur d’Alene area. I use a strengths-based approach. I believe everyone has the capacity to change and is unique with unique experiences, values, and tools. Discovering your values and how they interact with your strengths can provide the motivation to learn new skills to consider different perspectives and approaches to life’s problems. I provide services for teens, adults, and families who are experiencing trauma symptoms, emotional management difficulties, and relationship struggles.
I offer individual sessions, family sessions, skill-based groups, and workshops.
Hello, I am Beth Koep. I am a Clinical Social Worker in the Coeur d’Alene area. I use a strengths-based approach. I believe everyone has the capacity to change and is unique with unique experiences, values, and tools. Discovering your values and how they interact with your strengths can provide the motivation to learn new skills to consider different perspectives and approaches to life’s problems. I provide services for teens, adults, and families who are experiencing trauma symptoms, emotional management difficulties, and relationship struggles.
(208) 328-5645 View (208) 328-5645
Photo of Ashlynn Wigen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Ashlynn Wigen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
I have experience working with trauma recovery, PTSD, anxiety, depression, grief, communication issues, adjustment to life changes, relationship challenges, & family of origin trauma.
Hi there, I’m Ashlynn and I am currently Accepting New Clients! Deciding to take that first step towards healing on your counseling journey can feel intimidating. I strive to create a safe, compassionate environment for my clients. I believe that each person that steps into my office is a unique individual who is ultimately the expert on their own life. I am here to offer support, encouragement, guidance and new perspectives along the way. I find it to be both an honor and a privilege to be trusted with your story and your vulnerability.
I have experience working with trauma recovery, PTSD, anxiety, depression, grief, communication issues, adjustment to life changes, relationship challenges, & family of origin trauma.
Hi there, I’m Ashlynn and I am currently Accepting New Clients! Deciding to take that first step towards healing on your counseling journey can feel intimidating. I strive to create a safe, compassionate environment for my clients. I believe that each person that steps into my office is a unique individual who is ultimately the expert on their own life. I am here to offer support, encouragement, guidance and new perspectives along the way. I find it to be both an honor and a privilege to be trusted with your story and your vulnerability.
(208) 261-4501 View (208) 261-4501
Photo of Christine Tamm, Marriage & Family Therapist in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Christine Tamm
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
Seeking counsel outside your circle of family and friends can be a difficult process. My goal is to offer a safe, empathic and compassionate environment within which to address the issues you face. Guiding conversations toward hope and healing, collaborating on possible solutions to help you remember your most authentic and joyous self.
Seeking counsel outside your circle of family and friends can be a difficult process. My goal is to offer a safe, empathic and compassionate environment within which to address the issues you face. Guiding conversations toward hope and healing, collaborating on possible solutions to help you remember your most authentic and joyous self.
(208) 960-6440 View (208) 960-6440
Photo of Empowered Through Play, LLC, Counselor in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Empowered Through Play, LLC
Counselor, LCPC, RPT-S
Verified Verified
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83815
We offer a variety of counseling services to meet the unique needs of our clients, including individual therapy, family therapy, and parenting resources.
A Place for Children, Adolescents, Families and Adults; to Play, Heal, and Grow. We provide an atmosphere of respect and dignity where each individual and family can be served. Our clinicians work with each individual and family to create practical and effective ways of solving the client’s concerns, issues and problems. Our Clinical staff are all licensed professionals in counseling (adults and children), therapeutic development, family therapy and psychology. Our staff are certified to offer Play Therapy, EMDR, Sand Play/Sand Tray, Autplay, TFCBT and other treatment modalities.
We offer a variety of counseling services to meet the unique needs of our clients, including individual therapy, family therapy, and parenting resources.
A Place for Children, Adolescents, Families and Adults; to Play, Heal, and Grow. We provide an atmosphere of respect and dignity where each individual and family can be served. Our clinicians work with each individual and family to create practical and effective ways of solving the client’s concerns, issues and problems. Our Clinical staff are all licensed professionals in counseling (adults and children), therapeutic development, family therapy and psychology. Our staff are certified to offer Play Therapy, EMDR, Sand Play/Sand Tray, Autplay, TFCBT and other treatment modalities.
(208) 974-9105 View (208) 974-9105
Photo of Nathan Henry Berghorst, Marriage & Family Therapist in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Nathan Henry Berghorst
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist, licensed by the Idaho Department of Occupational Licensing. I have been in private practice since 2012. My passion is the restoration of the marriage relationship, even when it may seem that all is lost (especially as it relates to infidelity and trust). I am well-versed in the treatment of most mental health issues (especially depression and anxiety). I also am now providing EMDR therapy.
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist, licensed by the Idaho Department of Occupational Licensing. I have been in private practice since 2012. My passion is the restoration of the marriage relationship, even when it may seem that all is lost (especially as it relates to infidelity and trust). I am well-versed in the treatment of most mental health issues (especially depression and anxiety). I also am now providing EMDR therapy.
(208) 268-6759 View (208) 268-6759
Photo of Kathryn (Katie) Sumner Kelso, Counselor in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Kathryn (Katie) Sumner Kelso
Counselor, MEd, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
My primary focus is women’s issues, although I work with adults of all ages who are experiencing stress, relationship/ family issues, grief, loss, trauma and PTSD.
I feel your pain and I can help. Life can throw incredibly tough curve balls that freeze us in our tracks and take the joy right out of living. We can fix it together if you are ready and willing to do the work with me.
My primary focus is women’s issues, although I work with adults of all ages who are experiencing stress, relationship/ family issues, grief, loss, trauma and PTSD.
I feel your pain and I can help. Life can throw incredibly tough curve balls that freeze us in our tracks and take the joy right out of living. We can fix it together if you are ready and willing to do the work with me.
(208) 218-8213 View (208) 218-8213
Photo of Bodhicitta Counseling, LLC, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Bodhicitta Counseling, LLC
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, LMHC, MAC
Verified Verified
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
I specialize in trauma, addiction, stress response, and marriage and family.
Currently No Wait List - Are you struggling with unresolved issues from childhood? Using substances to cope? Maybe you are a veteran who has been to combat or a first responder dealing with trauma? If you want to live a more enriched and fulfilling life then maybe it is time to see someone. I am in process for insurance credentialing
I specialize in trauma, addiction, stress response, and marriage and family.
Currently No Wait List - Are you struggling with unresolved issues from childhood? Using substances to cope? Maybe you are a veteran who has been to combat or a first responder dealing with trauma? If you want to live a more enriched and fulfilling life then maybe it is time to see someone. I am in process for insurance credentialing
(208) 366-8064 View (208) 366-8064
Photo of Grace Ridge Counseling, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Grace Ridge Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LAMFT
Verified Verified
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
I am currently accepting BlueCross Insurance and Private Pay clients for individual, family, and couples therapy.
Hello and Welcome! My name is Lauren Luchini, I am a Licensed Associate Marriage and Family Therapist in Coeur d'Alene, called Grace Ridge Counseling. Beware, I am not your average therapist! You will be challenged. You may even be uncomfortable. Therapy is up close, personal, and truthfully it's not always pretty. Its raw, its honest, and it can get messy. I am here to support you whether its a life transition, a loss, conflict with a loved one, or just need a safe place to process any trauma that you may be holding on too. Life is not meant to be lived alone, we are human beings we are meant for love, relationships, and community.
I am currently accepting BlueCross Insurance and Private Pay clients for individual, family, and couples therapy.
Hello and Welcome! My name is Lauren Luchini, I am a Licensed Associate Marriage and Family Therapist in Coeur d'Alene, called Grace Ridge Counseling. Beware, I am not your average therapist! You will be challenged. You may even be uncomfortable. Therapy is up close, personal, and truthfully it's not always pretty. Its raw, its honest, and it can get messy. I am here to support you whether its a life transition, a loss, conflict with a loved one, or just need a safe place to process any trauma that you may be holding on too. Life is not meant to be lived alone, we are human beings we are meant for love, relationships, and community.
(208) 974-5833 View (208) 974-5833
Photo of HighRoad Human Services, Counselor in Coeur d'Alene, ID
HighRoad Human Services
Counselor, LCPC, LMSW, LPC
Verified Verified
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83815
We see adolescents and adults and offer Individual Therapy, Family Therapy, Couple's Therapy, Parenting Psychoeducation, and prenatal/postpartum counseling.
No Waitlist! We are accepting new clients. Our therapists see teens and adults with Idaho Medicaid, Regence (Blue Cross Blue Shield), Blue Cross, or Private Pay. Highroad Human Services has been a leader in mental health counseling for over 20 years. We offer counseling services to fit your individual goals and to inspire wellness and success. You can expect to meet a caring and empathetic therapist who will build a strong connection with you so that you feel safe and empowered to reach your goals.
We see adolescents and adults and offer Individual Therapy, Family Therapy, Couple's Therapy, Parenting Psychoeducation, and prenatal/postpartum counseling.
No Waitlist! We are accepting new clients. Our therapists see teens and adults with Idaho Medicaid, Regence (Blue Cross Blue Shield), Blue Cross, or Private Pay. Highroad Human Services has been a leader in mental health counseling for over 20 years. We offer counseling services to fit your individual goals and to inspire wellness and success. You can expect to meet a caring and empathetic therapist who will build a strong connection with you so that you feel safe and empowered to reach your goals.
(208) 759-5822 View (208) 759-5822
Photo of Christina Tempesta, Marriage & Family Therapist in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Christina Tempesta
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
Waitlist for new clients
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I believe in the healing process that can unfold in a therapeutic relationship.
I am passionate in assisting individuals, children, teens, families and couples to strive for their best self by making use of their strengths and encouraging compassion. Life and relationships are full of challenging, yet rewarding transitions. These transitions provide an opportunity to better understand ourselves and to strengthen our relationships. When we recognize and understand our patterns of behavior we can then decide how we want to address them.
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I believe in the healing process that can unfold in a therapeutic relationship.
I am passionate in assisting individuals, children, teens, families and couples to strive for their best self by making use of their strengths and encouraging compassion. Life and relationships are full of challenging, yet rewarding transitions. These transitions provide an opportunity to better understand ourselves and to strengthen our relationships. When we recognize and understand our patterns of behavior we can then decide how we want to address them.
(208) 243-8060 View (208) 243-8060
Photo of Rick Westby, Counselor in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Rick Westby
Counselor, LPC, LISAC, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
Serving both Arizona and Idaho: Few things are as painful as feeling unseen, unheard, or misunderstood, especially when it comes from the things we hold most dear - our family, jobs, and dreams. It can lead us to a breaking point where finding help seems impossible. Are you there now? Let's have a healing conversation.
Serving both Arizona and Idaho: Few things are as painful as feeling unseen, unheard, or misunderstood, especially when it comes from the things we hold most dear - our family, jobs, and dreams. It can lead us to a breaking point where finding help seems impossible. Are you there now? Let's have a healing conversation.
(208) 718-5201 View (208) 718-5201
Photo of Joe Mccarron, Marriage & Family Therapist in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Joe Mccarron
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
My therapy approach has gone beyond my office walls and into my community programs that deal with families and issues such as cancer in the family, military deployment, drug abuse/alcoholism.
40 years of counseling in Coeur d'Alene. Decorated Vietnam Veteran and two times cancer survivor! Received the "Outstanding Community Service Award" from the Governor of Idaho for founding successful community youth programs. As a marriage counselor with significant years in Private Practice and significant years in "life" as a "recovering human being" I try to give you hope and courage to change for the better! Those therapies and techniques can only come after.
My therapy approach has gone beyond my office walls and into my community programs that deal with families and issues such as cancer in the family, military deployment, drug abuse/alcoholism.
40 years of counseling in Coeur d'Alene. Decorated Vietnam Veteran and two times cancer survivor! Received the "Outstanding Community Service Award" from the Governor of Idaho for founding successful community youth programs. As a marriage counselor with significant years in Private Practice and significant years in "life" as a "recovering human being" I try to give you hope and courage to change for the better! Those therapies and techniques can only come after.
(208) 647-0834 View (208) 647-0834
Photo of Jennie Keane, Pre-Licensed Professional in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Jennie Keane
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC, MEd, eMBA
Verified Verified
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
Counseling for better self-care and mentoring for professionals, teens, family, couples, and business leaders is what I am passionate about.
At some point everyone faces difficult times. The unpredictability of emotions we experience when facing uncertainty and change can sometimes leave us feeling overwhelmed and unsure of how to manage things. At times, feelings related to depression, overwhelming anxiety, loneliness, and overall confusion can just stop us in our tracks. Our identity and roles in career and businesses may change or need improvement. Our relationships can sometimes become strained struggling with communication and connection to the people and groups we must find solutions with to maintain healthy connections. My job is to help in these areas.
Counseling for better self-care and mentoring for professionals, teens, family, couples, and business leaders is what I am passionate about.
At some point everyone faces difficult times. The unpredictability of emotions we experience when facing uncertainty and change can sometimes leave us feeling overwhelmed and unsure of how to manage things. At times, feelings related to depression, overwhelming anxiety, loneliness, and overall confusion can just stop us in our tracks. Our identity and roles in career and businesses may change or need improvement. Our relationships can sometimes become strained struggling with communication and connection to the people and groups we must find solutions with to maintain healthy connections. My job is to help in these areas.
(208) 647-3244 View (208) 647-3244
Photo of Ellie Mental Health North Idaho, Marriage & Family Therapist in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Ellie Mental Health North Idaho
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCPC, LPC, LCSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
We collectively offer individual, couples, play and family counseling.
We are a group of Mental Health Clinicians that work with a variety of mental health issues and diagnoses. We specialize in working with individuals, couples and families struggling with depression, anxiety, life transitions, grief/loss, relationship/marital struggles, parenting, suicidality, trauma, career counseling and mood disorders, to name a few. We strive to help people heal and be able to reach their full potential!
We collectively offer individual, couples, play and family counseling.
We are a group of Mental Health Clinicians that work with a variety of mental health issues and diagnoses. We specialize in working with individuals, couples and families struggling with depression, anxiety, life transitions, grief/loss, relationship/marital struggles, parenting, suicidality, trauma, career counseling and mood disorders, to name a few. We strive to help people heal and be able to reach their full potential!
(208) 629-1180 View (208) 629-1180

See more therapy options for Coeur d'Alene

Family Therapy

What do family therapists do?

A family therapist facilitates the process of understanding and improving how a family functions. The therapist will help family members develop empathy for one another. They’ll seek to understand existing patterns, misunderstandings, and conflicts that arise, in order to help the family arrive at a realistic, unified understanding and develop the coping skills they need to build stronger relationships.

How long does therapy for families take to work?

Therapy manifests differently in every family; a common time frame is 12 weekly sessions, but some families may see improvement after just a few weeks. Families should discuss their goals with the therapist at the beginning of the process and periodically revisit those goals to assess their progress together.

How can you encourage a family member to attend family therapy?

You can encourage family members to attend therapy by expressing with both love and concern the challenges you see and explaining how a therapist could help the family navigate those challenges together. An outside perspective can help everyone feel heard, get on the same page, and develop new skills. If family members are still hesitant, it may be helpful to emphasize that family therapy is short-term—it won’t last forever.

Is therapy for families effective?

Family therapy can significantly improve family dynamics and relationships. Research suggests that family therapy can help individuals understand their role in the family, communicate and solve problems together, reduce conflict and draw boundaries when necessary, and develop coping skills for stressors, major life changes, and mental or physical illnesses within the family.