Therapists in West Des Moines, IA

Photo of Kristin Beiner, Pre-Licensed Professional, MHA
Kristin Beiner
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHA
1 Endorsed
West Des Moines, IA 50265
My ideal client is someone who is feeling overwhelmed by life transitions, weighed down by anxiety, or stuck in patterns that no longer serve them. They may be navigating the complexities of identity, adjusting to a new phase of life, or working through the impact of trauma. Often, they come to therapy feeling uncertain but hopeful wanting clarity, connection, and a space where they don’t have to carry everything alone. What they want is not just symptom relief, but understanding. They want to feel seen and heard. They’re looking for support in making sense of their experiences, learning new tools, and discovering their strengths.
My ideal client is someone who is feeling overwhelmed by life transitions, weighed down by anxiety, or stuck in patterns that no longer serve them. They may be navigating the complexities of identity, adjusting to a new phase of life, or working through the impact of trauma. Often, they come to therapy feeling uncertain but hopeful wanting clarity, connection, and a space where they don’t have to carry everything alone. What they want is not just symptom relief, but understanding. They want to feel seen and heard. They’re looking for support in making sense of their experiences, learning new tools, and discovering their strengths.
(515) 855-6117 View (515) 855-6117
Photo of Barbara Petersen-Fox, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Barbara Petersen-Fox
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
8 Endorsed
West Des Moines, IA 50266
Are you feeling frustrated and stressed with your relationships or your job? Are you experiencing transitions that are causing you anxiety or feelings of depression? My goal is to help you find clarity and develop positive behavior changes, so that you can lead a more fulfilling life. We will examine all aspects of your self: psychological, biological, social, and spiritual. You will develop new perspectives, insights, and effective strategies to improve your life and overcome obstacles that have gotten in your way.
Are you feeling frustrated and stressed with your relationships or your job? Are you experiencing transitions that are causing you anxiety or feelings of depression? My goal is to help you find clarity and develop positive behavior changes, so that you can lead a more fulfilling life. We will examine all aspects of your self: psychological, biological, social, and spiritual. You will develop new perspectives, insights, and effective strategies to improve your life and overcome obstacles that have gotten in your way.
(515) 619-6544 View (515) 619-6544
Photo of Stephanie Lee - Stephanie Lee, PhD, LISW, @ Starting New Chapters , Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LISW
Stephanie Lee, PhD, LISW, @ Starting New Chapters
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LISW
1 Endorsed
West Des Moines, IA 50266
Waitlist for new clients
I'm grateful to have spent over 30 years providing mental health services to individuals and families in the Des Moines area both as a Clinician and Supervisor in a variety of outpatient mental health settings, and as teaching in the field of Psychology as an adjunct teaching instructor for several years. I currently provide individual counseling services to adults (18 and above) both in-person and through tele-health. Areas of specialization include: trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and loss, and life transitions. It's truly an honor to work with those who are facing some of the most difficult and vulnerable moments in life.
I'm grateful to have spent over 30 years providing mental health services to individuals and families in the Des Moines area both as a Clinician and Supervisor in a variety of outpatient mental health settings, and as teaching in the field of Psychology as an adjunct teaching instructor for several years. I currently provide individual counseling services to adults (18 and above) both in-person and through tele-health. Areas of specialization include: trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and loss, and life transitions. It's truly an honor to work with those who are facing some of the most difficult and vulnerable moments in life.
(515) 325-4240 View (515) 325-4240
Photo of Sam Pattison, Counselor, LMHC
Sam Pattison
Counselor, LMHC
1 Endorsed
West Des Moines, IA 50266
Has life been feeling like a constant struggle? Do you find yourself working to the point of exhaustion without any sense of satisfaction? Are you concerned about managing your bills and frustrated by feeling undervalued by society? Internalized capitalism may be a contributing factor. This expanding field of study examines the impacts of capitalism on social justice and mental health, with far-reaching effects that likely play a role in the development of many mental health disorders.
Has life been feeling like a constant struggle? Do you find yourself working to the point of exhaustion without any sense of satisfaction? Are you concerned about managing your bills and frustrated by feeling undervalued by society? Internalized capitalism may be a contributing factor. This expanding field of study examines the impacts of capitalism on social justice and mental health, with far-reaching effects that likely play a role in the development of many mental health disorders.
(515) 949-6134 View (515) 949-6134
Photo of Alicia Wright, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Alicia Wright
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
1 Endorsed
West Des Moines, IA 50266
I am trained in several different therapeutic approaches including cognitive behavioral therapy, solution-focused therapy, narrative therapy, person-centered therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, etc. I enjoy working with teens, young adults and adults. I have a passion for giving every client an equal opportunity to thrive in their mental, emotional and behavioral realms. I offer both in person and telehealth therapy. I strive to to create a comfortable environment that allows clients to feel safe and supported.
I am trained in several different therapeutic approaches including cognitive behavioral therapy, solution-focused therapy, narrative therapy, person-centered therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, etc. I enjoy working with teens, young adults and adults. I have a passion for giving every client an equal opportunity to thrive in their mental, emotional and behavioral realms. I offer both in person and telehealth therapy. I strive to to create a comfortable environment that allows clients to feel safe and supported.
(515) 758-5980 View (515) 758-5980
Photo of Kelsey Rumpf, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Kelsey Rumpf
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
2 Endorsed
West Des Moines, IA 50265
I am a child therapist providing services for children & adolescents ages 3-18. I work with the individual and family in areas relating to adjustment, anxiety, stress, depression, ADHD, perfectionism, behavioral outbursts, grief, emotional regulation, trauma, family dynamics, intellectual disabilities, PANDAS, and developmental disorders. I use expressive therapy techniques to provide a safe space for rapport building & emotional processing. I teach individuals ways to effectively identify triggers, use mindfulness, express emotions/needs, & implement coping strategies to self-regulate.
I am a child therapist providing services for children & adolescents ages 3-18. I work with the individual and family in areas relating to adjustment, anxiety, stress, depression, ADHD, perfectionism, behavioral outbursts, grief, emotional regulation, trauma, family dynamics, intellectual disabilities, PANDAS, and developmental disorders. I use expressive therapy techniques to provide a safe space for rapport building & emotional processing. I teach individuals ways to effectively identify triggers, use mindfulness, express emotions/needs, & implement coping strategies to self-regulate.
(515) 859-8174 View (515) 859-8174
Photo of Renae Ludwig, Counselor, LPCC
Renae Ludwig
Counselor, LPCC
Online Only
I have doing therapy for more years than I care to say and have the wisdom of age and experience to go with it! I usually can get new clients in within 1-2 weeks and have late afternoon, evening and weekend appointments available. I see individuals, adults, couples and families. I specialize in helping those with depression, anxiety, ADHD, family conflict, relationship issues, job and career issues, trauma, sexual abuse, and stress. Renae Ludwig, MS, LPCC, LMHC
I have doing therapy for more years than I care to say and have the wisdom of age and experience to go with it! I usually can get new clients in within 1-2 weeks and have late afternoon, evening and weekend appointments available. I see individuals, adults, couples and families. I specialize in helping those with depression, anxiety, ADHD, family conflict, relationship issues, job and career issues, trauma, sexual abuse, and stress. Renae Ludwig, MS, LPCC, LMHC
(515) 329-3884 View (515) 329-3884
Photo of Jackie Dehner, Counselor, MA, NCC, LMHC
Jackie Dehner
Counselor, MA, NCC, LMHC
7 Endorsed
West Des Moines, IA 50266
Waitlist for new clients
It is truly an honor and a privilege to share space with clients. Utilizing a collaborative approach to healing, I offer support and acceptance to all who enter therapy. Grounded in a Narrative approach, I view clients as the experts of their own lives and aim to empower them while amplifying their voice. I believe every individual deserves to be seen and heard without judgment, and I strive to provide this through a strong therapeutic alliance and meaningful relational depth.
It is truly an honor and a privilege to share space with clients. Utilizing a collaborative approach to healing, I offer support and acceptance to all who enter therapy. Grounded in a Narrative approach, I view clients as the experts of their own lives and aim to empower them while amplifying their voice. I believe every individual deserves to be seen and heard without judgment, and I strive to provide this through a strong therapeutic alliance and meaningful relational depth.
(515) 461-8010 View (515) 461-8010
Photo of Gina Campbell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW, MDiv, RYT200
Gina Campbell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW, MDiv, RYT200
3 Endorsed
West Des Moines, IA 50266
You’ve been feeling “off” for a while now. Your life isn’t necessarily falling apart but you’re not happy. You’ve thought about going to therapy many times but then you end up procrastinating. You tell yourself you should be able to figure this out on your own and that therapy is for people with problems worse than yours. But lately something has tipped the scales. Most of the time you handle your emotions pretty well but now it’s too much with everything you have going on. You’re stressed, anxious or depressed. Some days you’re not even sure how you feel.
You’ve been feeling “off” for a while now. Your life isn’t necessarily falling apart but you’re not happy. You’ve thought about going to therapy many times but then you end up procrastinating. You tell yourself you should be able to figure this out on your own and that therapy is for people with problems worse than yours. But lately something has tipped the scales. Most of the time you handle your emotions pretty well but now it’s too much with everything you have going on. You’re stressed, anxious or depressed. Some days you’re not even sure how you feel.
(515) 512-4254 View (515) 512-4254
Photo of Becca Christiansen, Pre-Licensed Professional, tLMHC, IADC
Becca Christiansen
Pre-Licensed Professional, tLMHC, IADC
3 Endorsed
West Des Moines, IA 50266
I am a Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor and a temporarily Licensed Mental Health Counselor with a strong passion for supporting adolescents and young adults. My work centers on helping clients navigate the complexities of trauma, anxiety, substance use, and life transitions with compassion and evidence-based care.
I am a Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor and a temporarily Licensed Mental Health Counselor with a strong passion for supporting adolescents and young adults. My work centers on helping clients navigate the complexities of trauma, anxiety, substance use, and life transitions with compassion and evidence-based care.
View
Photo of Jessica (Deboom) Draughn, Counselor, MA, NCC, LMHC
Jessica (Deboom) Draughn
Counselor, MA, NCC, LMHC
3 Endorsed
West Des Moines, IA 50265
Are you ready to move past the barriers holding you back from a more meaningful life? I work with adults who are impacted by trauma, anxiety, and depression—core issues that can manifest as relationship problems, emotional dysregulation, chronic stress, or low self-worth. You may feel like you're just surviving instead of thriving. My clients are ready to do the work to understand their patterns, build new skills, and step back into the life they truly want to live.
Are you ready to move past the barriers holding you back from a more meaningful life? I work with adults who are impacted by trauma, anxiety, and depression—core issues that can manifest as relationship problems, emotional dysregulation, chronic stress, or low self-worth. You may feel like you're just surviving instead of thriving. My clients are ready to do the work to understand their patterns, build new skills, and step back into the life they truly want to live.
(515) 531-0800 View (515) 531-0800
Photo of Keifer Nevius, Counselor, LMHC
Keifer Nevius
Counselor, LMHC
1 Endorsed
West Des Moines, IA 50266
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! Feeling safe, heard, and accepted are the main facets I strive for with every client above anything else. It's incredibly scary to be vulnerable, especially to a stranger. No matter where you're at in life, you are welcome here.
Hello! Feeling safe, heard, and accepted are the main facets I strive for with every client above anything else. It's incredibly scary to be vulnerable, especially to a stranger. No matter where you're at in life, you are welcome here.
(515) 417-2344 View (515) 417-2344
Photo of Katrina Serfling, Counselor, LMHC, NCC, MA, EMDR
Katrina Serfling
Counselor, LMHC, NCC, MA, EMDR
1 Endorsed
West Des Moines, IA 50265
Human to Human counseling believes you are the one who knows best about yourself; working together with you as a team to work on goals the client bring to sessions. Therapy is a place to feel supported, learn new skills and how to implement them, and work through past trauma with an educated and genuine guide. Human to Human Counseling will always support the person that shows up, recognizing we are all human beings with a story and experiences of our own. Three of our five clinicians are trained in EMDR, and the other two use CBT and other methods to support clients through healing after trauma.
Human to Human counseling believes you are the one who knows best about yourself; working together with you as a team to work on goals the client bring to sessions. Therapy is a place to feel supported, learn new skills and how to implement them, and work through past trauma with an educated and genuine guide. Human to Human Counseling will always support the person that shows up, recognizing we are all human beings with a story and experiences of our own. Three of our five clinicians are trained in EMDR, and the other two use CBT and other methods to support clients through healing after trauma.
(515) 650-1632 View (515) 650-1632
Photo of Bridgette Hensley, Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Bridgette Hensley
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
West Des Moines, IA 50266
I enjoy working with diverse clients on issues of depression, anxiety (especially OCD and Panic Disorder), ADHD, relational issues, trauma, as well as sexual orientation and gender identity issues. I am committed to providing a safe and secure environment in which we can develop a trusting, unconditional, and genuine relationship, in which I can help you direct your own resources and strengths toward health and healing.
I enjoy working with diverse clients on issues of depression, anxiety (especially OCD and Panic Disorder), ADHD, relational issues, trauma, as well as sexual orientation and gender identity issues. I am committed to providing a safe and secure environment in which we can develop a trusting, unconditional, and genuine relationship, in which I can help you direct your own resources and strengths toward health and healing.
(515) 758-7893 View (515) 758-7893
Photo of Ann Herrera, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW
Ann Herrera
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW
1 Endorsed
West Des Moines, IA 50266
Ann is a dedicated Licensed Master Social Worker with a passion for helping individuals and families navigate life’s challenges. Ann has experience in various settings, including pre-K-12 school environment, psychiatric hospitalization, and therapeutic day treatment programs. Throughout her career, she has worked closely with individuals and families facing chronic mental health concerns such as anxiety, depression, & behavioral/emotional disorders (3-5 year olds). Ann has a special interest in disordered eating, body image struggles related to athletics, transitional life circumstances & self-esteem issues. Ages 3-5 & 10+
Ann is a dedicated Licensed Master Social Worker with a passion for helping individuals and families navigate life’s challenges. Ann has experience in various settings, including pre-K-12 school environment, psychiatric hospitalization, and therapeutic day treatment programs. Throughout her career, she has worked closely with individuals and families facing chronic mental health concerns such as anxiety, depression, & behavioral/emotional disorders (3-5 year olds). Ann has a special interest in disordered eating, body image struggles related to athletics, transitional life circumstances & self-esteem issues. Ages 3-5 & 10+
(515) 325-5722 View (515) 325-5722
Photo of Mikeely Denger, Counselor, tLMHC
Mikeely Denger
Counselor, tLMHC
1 Endorsed
West Des Moines, IA 50266
I have a wide range of experiences including working with anxiety, codependency, depression, grief and loss, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, life stress and transitions, traumatic experiences, self-esteem, and those experiencing relationship and communication issues. I am especially interested in working with those experiencing body image concerns, eating disorders, and disordered eating. No matter the circumstances, I will provide a safe space to experience emotions, talk through life’s challenges, and a provide meaningful therapeutic relationship to grow and foster healing and personal growth.
I have a wide range of experiences including working with anxiety, codependency, depression, grief and loss, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, life stress and transitions, traumatic experiences, self-esteem, and those experiencing relationship and communication issues. I am especially interested in working with those experiencing body image concerns, eating disorders, and disordered eating. No matter the circumstances, I will provide a safe space to experience emotions, talk through life’s challenges, and a provide meaningful therapeutic relationship to grow and foster healing and personal growth.
(515) 526-5159 View (515) 526-5159
Photo of Jill Everett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Jill Everett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
3 Endorsed
West Des Moines, IA 50266
Not accepting new clients
Past experiences and current stressors make it challenging to live your best life. You feel exhausted and overwhelmed and have a hard time keeping up with the continuous rush of your day-to-day responsibilities. You want more support. You want peace. Pause and consider: What are you proud of about yourself? That may be a hard question to answer right now. But we all have strengths. Seeing them clearly gets blurred in our overwhelm. A part of my role is to aid you in reconnecting with the truth of your skills, your strengths, your abilities, your lovability.
Past experiences and current stressors make it challenging to live your best life. You feel exhausted and overwhelmed and have a hard time keeping up with the continuous rush of your day-to-day responsibilities. You want more support. You want peace. Pause and consider: What are you proud of about yourself? That may be a hard question to answer right now. But we all have strengths. Seeing them clearly gets blurred in our overwhelm. A part of my role is to aid you in reconnecting with the truth of your skills, your strengths, your abilities, your lovability.
(515) 400-4252 View (515) 400-4252
Photo of Matthew Becker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Matthew Becker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
West Des Moines, IA 50266
After working in the healthcare field for 19 years, I made the decision to go back to school to become a mental health therapist. I view my job as a sacred task. Meeting with a stranger and revealing the core of who you are can be very intimidating. I work hard to create a safe, trusting, and accepting environment where you feel permission to be fully yourself. The foundation of my work is the relationship that I have with you, the client. I do not have a one size fits all approach, but I meet you where you are in your personal journey of healing. If faith is important to you, I am happy to incorporate that into our work.
After working in the healthcare field for 19 years, I made the decision to go back to school to become a mental health therapist. I view my job as a sacred task. Meeting with a stranger and revealing the core of who you are can be very intimidating. I work hard to create a safe, trusting, and accepting environment where you feel permission to be fully yourself. The foundation of my work is the relationship that I have with you, the client. I do not have a one size fits all approach, but I meet you where you are in your personal journey of healing. If faith is important to you, I am happy to incorporate that into our work.
(515) 316-4955 View (515) 316-4955
Photo of Jamie Lohr, Counselor, LMHC, IADC
Jamie Lohr
Counselor, LMHC, IADC
West Des Moines, IA 50265
Jamie is passionate about working with individuals, families, adolescents, and children in order that they may build and improve connection through meaningful relationships, feel an increased state of hope and calm, as well as achieve a sense of ‘felt safety’, acceptance, and self-worth. She believes in a balanced whole-body self-care approach addressing all aspects of wellbeing; social, emotional, physical, and spiritual self-care. She is also licensed in OK as a LPC and she is SYMBIS (Saving Your Marriage Before It Starts) certified premarital program facilitator.
Jamie is passionate about working with individuals, families, adolescents, and children in order that they may build and improve connection through meaningful relationships, feel an increased state of hope and calm, as well as achieve a sense of ‘felt safety’, acceptance, and self-worth. She believes in a balanced whole-body self-care approach addressing all aspects of wellbeing; social, emotional, physical, and spiritual self-care. She is also licensed in OK as a LPC and she is SYMBIS (Saving Your Marriage Before It Starts) certified premarital program facilitator.
(515) 200-3770 View (515) 200-3770
Photo of Kelly Rennick O'Berry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LISW
Kelly Rennick O'Berry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LISW
3 Endorsed
West Des Moines, IA 50266
Is the pressure of meeting expectations, whether they are from yourself or others, leaving you feeling overwhelmed by dread and angst? Do you feel a sense of powerlessness, as if something might be wrong with you or perhaps as if you missed out on some crucial life instructions? This constant worry and pressure might be preventing you from fully engaging with your life. If this sounds familiar, I might be able to help.
Is the pressure of meeting expectations, whether they are from yourself or others, leaving you feeling overwhelmed by dread and angst? Do you feel a sense of powerlessness, as if something might be wrong with you or perhaps as if you missed out on some crucial life instructions? This constant worry and pressure might be preventing you from fully engaging with your life. If this sounds familiar, I might be able to help.
(515) 523-7281 x205 View (515) 523-7281 x205

See more therapy options for West Des Moines

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in West Des Moines, IA

500+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in West Des Moines, IA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
78% Self Esteem
76% Relationship Issues
72% Stress
70% Trauma and PTSD
62% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Wellmark BCBS
84% BlueCross and BlueShield
57% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in West Des Moines, IA see their clients

88% In Person and Online
12% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in West Des Moines?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.