Therapists in Iowa City, IA

Photo of Peggy Sharr, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Iowa City, IA
Peggy Sharr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Iowa City, IA 52240
Since 2006, I've been helping individuals with myriad challenges, including depression, anxiety, trauma and PTSD, behavioral challenges, stress reduction, mood stabilization/regulation, crisis intervention, grief and loss, relationship problems, and resolving feelings and experiences from the past. In order to affect deep change, I integrate a number of approaches, including traditional talk therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Somatic Psychotherapy, meditation, EMDR Therapy, Internal Family Systems, Mindfulness, guided imagery, health and nutrition advice, to name a few. My goal is for you to feel supported and validated.
Since 2006, I've been helping individuals with myriad challenges, including depression, anxiety, trauma and PTSD, behavioral challenges, stress reduction, mood stabilization/regulation, crisis intervention, grief and loss, relationship problems, and resolving feelings and experiences from the past. In order to affect deep change, I integrate a number of approaches, including traditional talk therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Somatic Psychotherapy, meditation, EMDR Therapy, Internal Family Systems, Mindfulness, guided imagery, health and nutrition advice, to name a few. My goal is for you to feel supported and validated.
(319) 302-3509 View (319) 302-3509
Photo of Omnia Yeater, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Iowa City, IA
Omnia Yeater
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Iowa City, IA 52240
Omnia is a licensed social worker who is passionate about providing services to individuals experiencing grief, loss, trauma, opioid and substance use disorders, anxiety, depression, and life adjustments/transitions. Omnia provides individual therapy to clients ranging from 15 years old to adults. Omnia has worked in many different settings, including behavioral health clinics specializing in substance use disorders, crisis stabilization units, and supporting individuals and families experiencing the death of a loved one.
Omnia is a licensed social worker who is passionate about providing services to individuals experiencing grief, loss, trauma, opioid and substance use disorders, anxiety, depression, and life adjustments/transitions. Omnia provides individual therapy to clients ranging from 15 years old to adults. Omnia has worked in many different settings, including behavioral health clinics specializing in substance use disorders, crisis stabilization units, and supporting individuals and families experiencing the death of a loved one.
(319) 766-6025 View (319) 766-6025
Photo of Jennifer Jorgensen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Iowa City, IA
Jennifer Jorgensen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, tLMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Iowa City, IA 52240
I believe that everyone deserves respect, dignity, and kindness. I create collaborative relationships with my clients to help them attain their therapeutic goals in an authentic way and I believe focusing on my clients strengths can create hope for the future. I work with individuals and couples to find solutions as I believe the client is the expert in their own life. I am dedicated to compassion and grace towards my clients and my intention is to support you on your journey moving towards healing and growth so you may feel connected to yourself and the world around you in a meaningful way.
I believe that everyone deserves respect, dignity, and kindness. I create collaborative relationships with my clients to help them attain their therapeutic goals in an authentic way and I believe focusing on my clients strengths can create hope for the future. I work with individuals and couples to find solutions as I believe the client is the expert in their own life. I am dedicated to compassion and grace towards my clients and my intention is to support you on your journey moving towards healing and growth so you may feel connected to yourself and the world around you in a meaningful way.
(319) 302-3599 View (319) 302-3599
Photo of Alyssa Anne Drury, Counselor in Iowa City, IA
Alyssa Anne Drury
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Iowa City, IA 52240
All of us have some hard and difficult times in life and we need some help. Although this can be humbling, it usually pays off in the end. I am a very flexible and laid back person and am here to help you with whatever it is you are struggling with. There will be no judgment and we will work on what only you want to work on. I believe there is no magic answer to everything and not everything works for everybody, so it is you and I trying to figure out what works best for you.
All of us have some hard and difficult times in life and we need some help. Although this can be humbling, it usually pays off in the end. I am a very flexible and laid back person and am here to help you with whatever it is you are struggling with. There will be no judgment and we will work on what only you want to work on. I believe there is no magic answer to everything and not everything works for everybody, so it is you and I trying to figure out what works best for you.
(319) 820-0382 View (319) 820-0382
Kari Finnegan
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Iowa City, IA 52245
I am a licensed psychologist and avid yogi who is excited to practice in a setting that embraces the mind-body connection. I strive to create a safe and empowering environment in which you and I work towards making changes that will bring you closer to a satisfying and fulfilling life. I use a strengths-based, collaborative approach to help each client feel empowered, develop insight and improve quality of life. ​I enjoy working with a variety of clients and needs. I prefer to view the therapy relationship as collaborative and egalitarian.
I am a licensed psychologist and avid yogi who is excited to practice in a setting that embraces the mind-body connection. I strive to create a safe and empowering environment in which you and I work towards making changes that will bring you closer to a satisfying and fulfilling life. I use a strengths-based, collaborative approach to help each client feel empowered, develop insight and improve quality of life. ​I enjoy working with a variety of clients and needs. I prefer to view the therapy relationship as collaborative and egalitarian.
(319) 332-5947 View (319) 332-5947
Photo of Daniel Czachura, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Iowa City, IA
Daniel Czachura
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Iowa City, IA 52240
I am currently taking new clients, and can do appointments in person or via telehealth, with mostly evening availability. Starting therapy can be a big step, whether you are experiencing anxiety, depression, healing from trauma, or want trying to make life changes. I help clients develop coping skills, navigate stressful relationships, and above all provide a safe space to feel heard and express your authentic self.
I am currently taking new clients, and can do appointments in person or via telehealth, with mostly evening availability. Starting therapy can be a big step, whether you are experiencing anxiety, depression, healing from trauma, or want trying to make life changes. I help clients develop coping skills, navigate stressful relationships, and above all provide a safe space to feel heard and express your authentic self.
(319) 349-2990 View (319) 349-2990
Photo of Leah Marie Gehlsen Morlan, Licensed Master Social Worker in Iowa City, IA
Leah Marie Gehlsen Morlan
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
Iowa City, IA 52240
Waitlist for new clients
I received both my bachelor's degree and my master's degree from the University of Iowa. I am currently a licensed LMSW who is working toward independent clinical licensure. While my specialties are ADHD and anxiety and panic disorders, I mainly just enjoy connecting with folks who have identified that therapy might be helpful for them. I like building relationships and getting to know people through the therapeutic lens. While I primarily use CBT, ACT, and DBT, I believe that a safe space wherein someone can be vulnerable and authentic is the strongest foundation for healing.
I received both my bachelor's degree and my master's degree from the University of Iowa. I am currently a licensed LMSW who is working toward independent clinical licensure. While my specialties are ADHD and anxiety and panic disorders, I mainly just enjoy connecting with folks who have identified that therapy might be helpful for them. I like building relationships and getting to know people through the therapeutic lens. While I primarily use CBT, ACT, and DBT, I believe that a safe space wherein someone can be vulnerable and authentic is the strongest foundation for healing.
(319) 246-7715 View (319) 246-7715
Photo of About Wolfleg Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Iowa City, IA
About Wolfleg Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Iowa City, IA 52240
James R. Smith, LISW, counselor/therapist, provides mental health counseling and therapy in Iowa City, Iowa, and surrounding area. Mr. Smith uses a Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy approach to teach people how to deal effectively with negative self-talk. Clients learn to diminish their destructive thinking and promote inner calm. Clients will also learn to enhance positive thought and action. James R. Smith, LISW, also encourages couples to communicate more effectively and more completely with each other. Each partner will learn to listen deeply to their mate and reflect clearly what they understand about their partner's needs and concerns.
James R. Smith, LISW, counselor/therapist, provides mental health counseling and therapy in Iowa City, Iowa, and surrounding area. Mr. Smith uses a Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy approach to teach people how to deal effectively with negative self-talk. Clients learn to diminish their destructive thinking and promote inner calm. Clients will also learn to enhance positive thought and action. James R. Smith, LISW, also encourages couples to communicate more effectively and more completely with each other. Each partner will learn to listen deeply to their mate and reflect clearly what they understand about their partner's needs and concerns.
(319) 250-7095 View (319) 250-7095
Photo of Jennifer Kardos, Counselor in Iowa City, IA
Jennifer Kardos
Counselor, tLMHC, NBC-HWC
Verified Verified
Iowa City, IA 52245
Not accepting new clients
Life should feel like more than just pushing yourself through each day. Anxiety and depression can stop you in your tracks and sabotage you from moving towards your goals. Chronic health challenges or past traumas make goals seem impossible to reach. Your struggling relationships can make it hard to focus and provide a roller-coaster of feelings, constant worry, feelings of disconnection, upset and confusion. Feelings of shame may make it hard to take care of yourself. Disordered eating or self-harm behaviors may haunt you. No matter how overwhelming things feel, we can find a way forward towards more a more peaceful state of mind.
Life should feel like more than just pushing yourself through each day. Anxiety and depression can stop you in your tracks and sabotage you from moving towards your goals. Chronic health challenges or past traumas make goals seem impossible to reach. Your struggling relationships can make it hard to focus and provide a roller-coaster of feelings, constant worry, feelings of disconnection, upset and confusion. Feelings of shame may make it hard to take care of yourself. Disordered eating or self-harm behaviors may haunt you. No matter how overwhelming things feel, we can find a way forward towards more a more peaceful state of mind.
(319) 214-7923 View (319) 214-7923
Photo of Chris Loeckle, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Iowa City, IA
Chris Loeckle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Iowa City, IA 52246
I have a very engaging and relaxed approach to therapy. Clients often report that they appreciate my authentic style and sense of humor. In any case, the process of therapy begins and is sustained as the client feels heard and understood and can begin to feel comfortable. I come to this work with a certain reverence for what is dignified, courageous, and creative in each of us which over time has informed my life both personally and in my work in supporting others. I rely on no particular therapy framework or "treatment modality" but nonetheless bring a pretty big box of tools to the table.
I have a very engaging and relaxed approach to therapy. Clients often report that they appreciate my authentic style and sense of humor. In any case, the process of therapy begins and is sustained as the client feels heard and understood and can begin to feel comfortable. I come to this work with a certain reverence for what is dignified, courageous, and creative in each of us which over time has informed my life both personally and in my work in supporting others. I rely on no particular therapy framework or "treatment modality" but nonetheless bring a pretty big box of tools to the table.
(319) 253-2691 View (319) 253-2691
Photo of Rachael L Carr, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Iowa City, IA
Rachael L Carr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Iowa City, IA 52240
Not accepting new clients
Through somatic therapies and trauma-informed approaches, I will guide you toward developing the ability to be with, and relate to uncertainty in a way that creates new possibilities. Focusing on certainty or "getting everything right" often results in exhausting cycles of anxiety or anger, freeze and sometimes depression/collapse. Embracing uncertainty means learning the practice of leaning into resources wherever you are, whatever is going on, in a constantly changing world. I look forward to guiding you toward relating to your body, mind, others and the outside world in a more sustainable way.
Through somatic therapies and trauma-informed approaches, I will guide you toward developing the ability to be with, and relate to uncertainty in a way that creates new possibilities. Focusing on certainty or "getting everything right" often results in exhausting cycles of anxiety or anger, freeze and sometimes depression/collapse. Embracing uncertainty means learning the practice of leaning into resources wherever you are, whatever is going on, in a constantly changing world. I look forward to guiding you toward relating to your body, mind, others and the outside world in a more sustainable way.
(319) 774-7750 View (319) 774-7750
Photo of LaNeisha Waller, Psychologist in Iowa City, IA
LaNeisha Waller
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Iowa City, IA 52245
As a licensed psychologist, I provide validation, empathy, and support for all of my clients. Using warmth and compassion, I collaborate with clients to facilitate empowerment and acceptance in their lives as they move toward meaningful change.
As a licensed psychologist, I provide validation, empathy, and support for all of my clients. Using warmth and compassion, I collaborate with clients to facilitate empowerment and acceptance in their lives as they move toward meaningful change.
(319) 474-5070 View (319) 474-5070
Photo of McKenzie McClaran, Counselor in Iowa City, IA
McKenzie McClaran
Counselor, TLMHC, CADC, PMH, CYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Iowa City, IA 52246
The ideal client is a human being who wants to better understand and have compassion for themselves by utilizing mindfulness, neuroscience, and somatic healing techniques. I combine my counseling degree with my undergraduate degree in human physiology to help approach individuals issues from a psychophysiological perspective. I specialize in substance abuse and perinatal mental health disorders, along with general mental health.
The ideal client is a human being who wants to better understand and have compassion for themselves by utilizing mindfulness, neuroscience, and somatic healing techniques. I combine my counseling degree with my undergraduate degree in human physiology to help approach individuals issues from a psychophysiological perspective. I specialize in substance abuse and perinatal mental health disorders, along with general mental health.
(319) 271-1568 View (319) 271-1568
Photo of Julian and Associates Psychotherapy Services PC, Counselor in Iowa City, IA
Julian and Associates Psychotherapy Services PC
Counselor, PhD, LMHC, ACS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Iowa City, IA 52245
Waitlist for new clients
Dr. Julian has been in mental health practice since 2004 and is dedicated to the empowerment of her clients. She has specialty training in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy from EMDRIA and Sex Therapy from the Florida Sex Therapy Institute.
Dr. Julian has been in mental health practice since 2004 and is dedicated to the empowerment of her clients. She has specialty training in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy from EMDRIA and Sex Therapy from the Florida Sex Therapy Institute.
(319) 250-4836 View (319) 250-4836
Photo of Shawn Stepp, Counselor in Iowa City, IA
Shawn Stepp
Counselor, LMHC, CADC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Iowa City, IA 52240
Are you struggling with your self esteem? Do you doubt yourself? Do you feel anxious, trapped and "get in your head" a lot? Do you often feel sad or "blah." These feelings can seem overwhelming. The good news is you deserve to feel better and I can help you do this. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Iowa and Kansas. I'm also a Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor. My practice supports those who want to create a richer, more meaningful life by reducing stress, anxiety, depression and fear. I will help you create a greater sense of self confidence and purpose. You can manifest the things you want in life!
Are you struggling with your self esteem? Do you doubt yourself? Do you feel anxious, trapped and "get in your head" a lot? Do you often feel sad or "blah." These feelings can seem overwhelming. The good news is you deserve to feel better and I can help you do this. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Iowa and Kansas. I'm also a Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor. My practice supports those who want to create a richer, more meaningful life by reducing stress, anxiety, depression and fear. I will help you create a greater sense of self confidence and purpose. You can manifest the things you want in life!
(319) 220-4736 View (319) 220-4736
Photo of A Graceful Space, LLC , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Iowa City, IA
A Graceful Space, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
Iowa City, IA 52240
Are you struggling with depression and anxiety? Do you find yourself overwhelmed with emotions, like the weight of the world is on top of your shoulders? You don't have to carry these burdens alone. At A Graceful Space, I thrive on giving grace and holding space in a peaceful, nonjudgmental environment. By utilizing evidence-based, trauma-informed care, my goal is to walk alongside you while you process through past and present stressors, in order to reach your life worth living goals.
Are you struggling with depression and anxiety? Do you find yourself overwhelmed with emotions, like the weight of the world is on top of your shoulders? You don't have to carry these burdens alone. At A Graceful Space, I thrive on giving grace and holding space in a peaceful, nonjudgmental environment. By utilizing evidence-based, trauma-informed care, my goal is to walk alongside you while you process through past and present stressors, in order to reach your life worth living goals.
(319) 346-3438 View (319) 346-3438
Photo of Tawny M Chamberlain, Counselor in Iowa City, IA
Tawny M Chamberlain
Counselor, PhD, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Iowa City, IA 52245  (Online Only)
Sometimes life gets difficult and reaching out for help can be even more difficult. This is especially true when we may be experiencing the effects of disability. My philosophy as a counselor is help you navigate these challenging times and help you reach your full potential emotionally, mentally, or socially. I believe focusing on the individuals strengths that they already posses will help facilitate change. As well as conceptualizing and addressing struggles in a wholistic lens allows for deeper understanding of what may be occurring.
Sometimes life gets difficult and reaching out for help can be even more difficult. This is especially true when we may be experiencing the effects of disability. My philosophy as a counselor is help you navigate these challenging times and help you reach your full potential emotionally, mentally, or socially. I believe focusing on the individuals strengths that they already posses will help facilitate change. As well as conceptualizing and addressing struggles in a wholistic lens allows for deeper understanding of what may be occurring.
(319) 595-4711 View (319) 595-4711
Photo of Andrew Levitt, Marriage & Family Therapist in Iowa City, IA
Andrew Levitt
Marriage & Family Therapist, t-MFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Iowa City, IA 52240
You are probably here because the bottom dropped out and you are worried it is going to get worse. That does not feel good. But you are right, therapy is one way to turn it around. Draw the line and flip the script. The way out is through, dropping the sugar-coated language- it's going to be hard. That may sound dark, but the hope is right behind. The Tao Te Ching says: "the main road is simple, but people love to be sidetracked." Therapy relies on centralizing elements that have been minimized in daily life: listening, speaking authentically, supporting one another, slowing down, being present, and being seen.
You are probably here because the bottom dropped out and you are worried it is going to get worse. That does not feel good. But you are right, therapy is one way to turn it around. Draw the line and flip the script. The way out is through, dropping the sugar-coated language- it's going to be hard. That may sound dark, but the hope is right behind. The Tao Te Ching says: "the main road is simple, but people love to be sidetracked." Therapy relies on centralizing elements that have been minimized in daily life: listening, speaking authentically, supporting one another, slowing down, being present, and being seen.
(319) 725-2203 View (319) 725-2203
Photo of Leonarda Decker, Counselor in Iowa City, IA
Leonarda Decker
Counselor, LMHC, CADC
Verified Verified
Iowa City, IA 52240  (Online Only)
Most of my adult life I have worked in the mental health field assisting individuals in their journey of finding a path to a healthier and more satisfying life. I have been honored to work with people from various walks of life and assist them in the process of re-discovering their values, redefining the meaning of happiness and reinventing their lives. To me, there is nothing more satisfying than to notice the growth and the positive change taking place in counseling process.
Most of my adult life I have worked in the mental health field assisting individuals in their journey of finding a path to a healthier and more satisfying life. I have been honored to work with people from various walks of life and assist them in the process of re-discovering their values, redefining the meaning of happiness and reinventing their lives. To me, there is nothing more satisfying than to notice the growth and the positive change taking place in counseling process.
(319) 463-3467 View (319) 463-3467
Photo of Julia Foster, Marriage & Family Therapist in Iowa City, IA
Julia Foster
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Iowa City, IA 52240
My clients describe me as laid back and non-judgmental, and I aim to provide an atmosphere where anyone can feel safe to explore feelings and experiences they may never have shared before. I’m also a strong believer in the importance of humor to a productive therapeutic relationship.
My clients describe me as laid back and non-judgmental, and I aim to provide an atmosphere where anyone can feel safe to explore feelings and experiences they may never have shared before. I’m also a strong believer in the importance of humor to a productive therapeutic relationship.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Iowa City, IA

300+

Average cost per session

$157

Therapists in Iowa City, IA who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
93% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
73% Coping Skills
73% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% BlueCross and BlueShield
70% Wellmark BCBS
44% Blue Cross

How Therapists in Iowa City, IA see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Iowa City?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.