Photo of Emilce P. Suarez-Lipton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Astoria, NY
Emilce P. Suarez-Lipton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PLLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Astoria, NY 11105  (Online Only)
My approach is informed by contemporary psychodynamic, attachment theory with a Humanistic, Anti-oppressive systemic lens, as well as IFS, mindfulness, intuitive healing, and energy work.
The curious paradox is when I accept myself just as I am, then I can change. What I am is enough if I would only be it openly.' C.Rogers. This quote is at the core of my work as a psychotherapist. I believe that the path to healing begins with the experience of being truly seen and celebrated with all your identities and parts that make the whole of you. I offer an affirming and collaborative space for the exploration of Self, connecting to your Divine within through mind-body-spirit practices so that you can move beyond the unloving narratives getting in the way of embodying your true Self and curating the life that you envision.
My approach is informed by contemporary psychodynamic, attachment theory with a Humanistic, Anti-oppressive systemic lens, as well as IFS, mindfulness, intuitive healing, and energy work.
The curious paradox is when I accept myself just as I am, then I can change. What I am is enough if I would only be it openly.' C.Rogers. This quote is at the core of my work as a psychotherapist. I believe that the path to healing begins with the experience of being truly seen and celebrated with all your identities and parts that make the whole of you. I offer an affirming and collaborative space for the exploration of Self, connecting to your Divine within through mind-body-spirit practices so that you can move beyond the unloving narratives getting in the way of embodying your true Self and curating the life that you envision.
(646) 798-1037 View (646) 798-1037
Photo of Jacqueline McNally in Astoria, NY
Jacqueline McNally
LCAT, BC-DMT, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Astoria, NY 11103  (Online Only)
I consider my approach to be person-centered and humanistic, recognizing the unique challenges and strengths each person brings with them to therapy.
For some, coming to therapy can be an intimidating experience, therefore my approach is to collaborate with you in a judgement-free space. My experience has included working with individuals of all ages navigating stress, anxiety, anger, depression, trauma, relationship and familial difficulties, bipolar disorder, PTSD, self-esteem issues, and body image concerns. I am also very passionate about working with women with reproductive and fertility concerns. Through our process together you can learn healthy coping mechanisms, how to communicate more effectively and gain better understanding of your triggers and feelings.
I consider my approach to be person-centered and humanistic, recognizing the unique challenges and strengths each person brings with them to therapy.
For some, coming to therapy can be an intimidating experience, therefore my approach is to collaborate with you in a judgement-free space. My experience has included working with individuals of all ages navigating stress, anxiety, anger, depression, trauma, relationship and familial difficulties, bipolar disorder, PTSD, self-esteem issues, and body image concerns. I am also very passionate about working with women with reproductive and fertility concerns. Through our process together you can learn healthy coping mechanisms, how to communicate more effectively and gain better understanding of your triggers and feelings.
(845) 714-0738 View (845) 714-0738
Photo of Emily Dorman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Astoria, NY
Emily Dorman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Astoria, NY 11106  (Online Only)
I firmly believe in the humanistic approach that we are all capable of positive growth and change.
Gain a deeper sense of personal fulfillment, reduce anxiety, reclaim your happiness, and increase your motivation by committing to the process of therapy. Whether you are facing symptoms of depression or anxiety, a challenging life transition, or you are looking to develop a deeper sense of self-understanding, you can gain insight to managing these challenges through the therapeutic process. We will partner together to develop an individualized treatment plan to help you reach your personal goals.
I firmly believe in the humanistic approach that we are all capable of positive growth and change.
Gain a deeper sense of personal fulfillment, reduce anxiety, reclaim your happiness, and increase your motivation by committing to the process of therapy. Whether you are facing symptoms of depression or anxiety, a challenging life transition, or you are looking to develop a deeper sense of self-understanding, you can gain insight to managing these challenges through the therapeutic process. We will partner together to develop an individualized treatment plan to help you reach your personal goals.
(914) 533-1646 View (914) 533-1646
Photo of Veneta Hoxha, Licensed Master Social Worker in Astoria, NY
Veneta Hoxha
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Astoria, NY 11101  (Online Only)
My therapy approach blends humanistic, psychodynamic, client-centered, and evidence-based modalities to create a therapeutic space for introspection, helping you identify life patterns and connect past experiences with the present.
I am a bilingual first-generation American born to Albanian parents and a licensed psychotherapist in New York. I am a graduate of the Silberman School of Social Work and completed my undergraduate degree specializing in developmental psychology. My professional journey has revolved around psychology-related fields, including a managerial role in an outpatient mental health group practice. I have experience working with teenagers and young adult first generation individuals and immigrants of various cultures in exploring bicultural identity, assimilation, generational trauma, and the effects on mental health.
My therapy approach blends humanistic, psychodynamic, client-centered, and evidence-based modalities to create a therapeutic space for introspection, helping you identify life patterns and connect past experiences with the present.
I am a bilingual first-generation American born to Albanian parents and a licensed psychotherapist in New York. I am a graduate of the Silberman School of Social Work and completed my undergraduate degree specializing in developmental psychology. My professional journey has revolved around psychology-related fields, including a managerial role in an outpatient mental health group practice. I have experience working with teenagers and young adult first generation individuals and immigrants of various cultures in exploring bicultural identity, assimilation, generational trauma, and the effects on mental health.
(929) 492-4083 View (929) 492-4083
Photo of Dr. René Gilberto Vázquez del Valle, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Astoria, NY
Dr. René Gilberto Vázquez del Valle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Astoria, NY 11102  (Online Only)
I have helped hundreds of clients with relationship concerns as a caring humanistic therapist thru psychotherapy and by my published book, which details How to Connect and how Not to Fail in Relationships.
My ideal client is a person who wants to succeed in life, by becoming aware of their mind, body and spirit interactions and how to utilize this awareness in their intimate relationships. Their issues can be improving their self esteem, overcoming past traumas, and developing their emotional, intellectual and sexual connections with others. If you strive to have better relationships and/or safeguard your current relationship, I can offer you the understanding and techniques of how to do so. I can do this without years of therapy, in a short term focused way that addresses how to overcome struggles fast and effectively.
I have helped hundreds of clients with relationship concerns as a caring humanistic therapist thru psychotherapy and by my published book, which details How to Connect and how Not to Fail in Relationships.
My ideal client is a person who wants to succeed in life, by becoming aware of their mind, body and spirit interactions and how to utilize this awareness in their intimate relationships. Their issues can be improving their self esteem, overcoming past traumas, and developing their emotional, intellectual and sexual connections with others. If you strive to have better relationships and/or safeguard your current relationship, I can offer you the understanding and techniques of how to do so. I can do this without years of therapy, in a short term focused way that addresses how to overcome struggles fast and effectively.
(631) 502-4845 View (631) 502-4845
Photo of Karina Pena-Toledo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Astoria, NY
Karina Pena-Toledo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
Astoria, NY 11101
I offer individualized and tailored care with strong humanistic approach to the unique challenges and conflicts that bring people to my practice. I graduated as a Clinical Psychologist in Argentina and received my Master Degree in Social Work at NYU. I have extensive clinical training and significant experience in this profession that I love. I am aware that the first contact is usually difficult or anxiety-provoking but I will make sure that you feel comfortable and willing to initiate this illuminating journey towards insight, self-reflection and introspective work that will enrich your life.
I offer individualized and tailored care with strong humanistic approach to the unique challenges and conflicts that bring people to my practice. I graduated as a Clinical Psychologist in Argentina and received my Master Degree in Social Work at NYU. I have extensive clinical training and significant experience in this profession that I love. I am aware that the first contact is usually difficult or anxiety-provoking but I will make sure that you feel comfortable and willing to initiate this illuminating journey towards insight, self-reflection and introspective work that will enrich your life.
(917) 935-4714 View (917) 935-4714
Photo of Jennifer Ciraulo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Astoria, NY
Jennifer Ciraulo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Astoria, NY 11101  (Online Only)
My approach to therapy is trauma responsive, humanistic and client centered; using tools such as mindfulness, motivational interviewing, and clinical Emotional Freedom Technique/'tapping'.
You may find you’re a deeply creative and sensitive person, going through major life transitions, a spiritual awakening, or a dark night of the soul. You want to grow your self-confidence and self worth, but are unsure where to start. You may feel unsatisfied with the way things are but are unclear on what you actually want and what exactly is holding you back. There may be habits, beliefs, and behaviors that are no longer serving you, but you aren't sure how to change them. I’ve been there and understand. My goal as a therapist is to accompany you as a guide on your path of personal empowerment and self discovery.
My approach to therapy is trauma responsive, humanistic and client centered; using tools such as mindfulness, motivational interviewing, and clinical Emotional Freedom Technique/'tapping'.
You may find you’re a deeply creative and sensitive person, going through major life transitions, a spiritual awakening, or a dark night of the soul. You want to grow your self-confidence and self worth, but are unsure where to start. You may feel unsatisfied with the way things are but are unclear on what you actually want and what exactly is holding you back. There may be habits, beliefs, and behaviors that are no longer serving you, but you aren't sure how to change them. I’ve been there and understand. My goal as a therapist is to accompany you as a guide on your path of personal empowerment and self discovery.
(646) 768-9080 View (646) 768-9080
Photo of Courtney Dunn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Astoria, NY
Courtney Dunn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Astoria, NY 11103
I’ll work with you to understand and explore your deeper desires for your life, help you advocate for yourself in relationships, school, and work, and create plans to safely cope with all the stress in your life and the world. Parents seeking support for your teen, you came to the right place, and I will help you help your child.
I’ll work with you to understand and explore your deeper desires for your life, help you advocate for yourself in relationships, school, and work, and create plans to safely cope with all the stress in your life and the world. Parents seeking support for your teen, you came to the right place, and I will help you help your child.
(718) 502-8142 View (718) 502-8142
Photo of Steevy Griffin, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Astoria, NY
Steevy Griffin
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Astoria, NY 11105  (Online Only)
Are you tired of operating from a space of reactivity? Are you curious about how you are showing up in your relationships, and most importantly, for yourself? Let's explore together! I offer affordable therapy for individuals and couples at any stage of their relationship. If you know that you could benefit from support in your life, then therapy is the right step. As a holistic practitioner, I help you observe what isn't working, while also honoring your true nature with acceptance and safety. I am here to serve you, no matter your culture, gender, religion, or sexual orientation, with enthusiasm, compassion, warmth, and humor.
Are you tired of operating from a space of reactivity? Are you curious about how you are showing up in your relationships, and most importantly, for yourself? Let's explore together! I offer affordable therapy for individuals and couples at any stage of their relationship. If you know that you could benefit from support in your life, then therapy is the right step. As a holistic practitioner, I help you observe what isn't working, while also honoring your true nature with acceptance and safety. I am here to serve you, no matter your culture, gender, religion, or sexual orientation, with enthusiasm, compassion, warmth, and humor.
(929) 207-7543 View (929) 207-7543
Photo of Frank Modica, Counselor in Astoria, NY
Frank Modica
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Astoria, NY 11105  (Online Only)
Sometimes we may find ourselves feeling stuck in our lives or alone in our struggles. Perhaps we feel isolated when we share these difficulties with others, only to feel invalidated in our experiences or identity. It's even more challenging and isolating when we don't have those connections to reach out to. Carrying feelings such as shame in who we are, or discomfort being in our own skin, is a weight on us impacting everyday lives and our relationships. Through reflection and self-compassion we will embrace self-acceptance in knowing you're valid in who you are, and you can live your best and most authentic self.
Sometimes we may find ourselves feeling stuck in our lives or alone in our struggles. Perhaps we feel isolated when we share these difficulties with others, only to feel invalidated in our experiences or identity. It's even more challenging and isolating when we don't have those connections to reach out to. Carrying feelings such as shame in who we are, or discomfort being in our own skin, is a weight on us impacting everyday lives and our relationships. Through reflection and self-compassion we will embrace self-acceptance in knowing you're valid in who you are, and you can live your best and most authentic self.
(347) 464-0626 View (347) 464-0626
Photo of Abby Ruben, Counselor in Astoria, NY
Abby Ruben
Counselor, MSEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
Astoria, NY 11106  (Online Only)
I wholeheartedly believe that you are the expert on your own experiences. My goal is to help connect you to that expertise in a safe, supportive environment. Clients describe my style as nonjudgmental, compassionate, genuine, and direct in nature. Drawing on an eclectic mix of therapeutic modalities and over 9 years of clinical experience, I tailor each person’s treatment to meet their unique needs.
I wholeheartedly believe that you are the expert on your own experiences. My goal is to help connect you to that expertise in a safe, supportive environment. Clients describe my style as nonjudgmental, compassionate, genuine, and direct in nature. Drawing on an eclectic mix of therapeutic modalities and over 9 years of clinical experience, I tailor each person’s treatment to meet their unique needs.
(646) 921-4193 View (646) 921-4193
Photo of William Michael Cooper, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Astoria, NY
William Michael Cooper
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CASAC-T, CDBT, CMIP
Verified Verified
Astoria, NY 11105  (Online Only)
William Michael Cooper is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) CASAC-T with SiFi based in New York City NY. Cooper is a CASAC-T; Credentialed Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Counselor and has over 13 years of working with persons who happen to have addictive disorders. He also works as a Certified Dialectical Behavior Therapy Specialist (C-DBT) and is a current Certified Mindfulness Informed Professional (CMIP).
William Michael Cooper is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) CASAC-T with SiFi based in New York City NY. Cooper is a CASAC-T; Credentialed Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Counselor and has over 13 years of working with persons who happen to have addictive disorders. He also works as a Certified Dialectical Behavior Therapy Specialist (C-DBT) and is a current Certified Mindfulness Informed Professional (CMIP).
(347) 507-2933 View (347) 507-2933
Photo of Lourdes Arauz, Counselor in Astoria, NY
Lourdes Arauz
Counselor, LMHC, EdM
Verified Verified
Astoria, NY 11103  (Online Only)
As we face challenges, transitions, or even in our day to day lives, we may be feeling stuck in moving forward and unsure where to start to help ourselves. It can feel like a big burden and an overwhelming start to begin therapy. I am here to sit with you to provide a safe space to hear your story. As we work together, my goal is to assist you in developing healthy coping skills and solutions that will benefit your life.
As we face challenges, transitions, or even in our day to day lives, we may be feeling stuck in moving forward and unsure where to start to help ourselves. It can feel like a big burden and an overwhelming start to begin therapy. I am here to sit with you to provide a safe space to hear your story. As we work together, my goal is to assist you in developing healthy coping skills and solutions that will benefit your life.
(929) 470-1803 View (929) 470-1803
Photo of Brian Ledere Psychotherapist Phd Edd Phd2, Registered Psychotherapist in Astoria, NY
Brian Ledere Psychotherapist Phd Edd Phd2
Registered Psychotherapist, PhD, EdD, PhD2, MA1 MA2, MA3 MA4
Verified Verified
Astoria, NY 11105
I have had a wonderful career as a NY Licensed Psychotherapist, NeuroPsychotherapist, LMHC, School Psychologist, Trauma Therapist, Behavior Therapist, Reiki Master, Aromatherapist, Hypnotherapist, College/Univ Dept Chair/Professor, & Regional Supt of Schools for Special Needs & Gifted helping Children & Adults "fulfill their potential" and to gently/assertively/aggressively address the obstacles that interfere and develop the skills to cope and self-advocate physically, emotionally, socially, mentally to "fulfill potential and develop resilience" as an individual, couple or family. Midtown NYC+ LI, 917-215-0018 Remote or In Person
I have had a wonderful career as a NY Licensed Psychotherapist, NeuroPsychotherapist, LMHC, School Psychologist, Trauma Therapist, Behavior Therapist, Reiki Master, Aromatherapist, Hypnotherapist, College/Univ Dept Chair/Professor, & Regional Supt of Schools for Special Needs & Gifted helping Children & Adults "fulfill their potential" and to gently/assertively/aggressively address the obstacles that interfere and develop the skills to cope and self-advocate physically, emotionally, socially, mentally to "fulfill potential and develop resilience" as an individual, couple or family. Midtown NYC+ LI, 917-215-0018 Remote or In Person
(646) 897-6012 View (646) 897-6012
Photo of Michelle Castillo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Astoria, NY
Michelle Castillo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Astoria, NY 11105
Life is a journey filled with ups and downs. Learning to get through life's anxieties, whether it be relationship issues, work stress, or any other life transition can feel daunting but reaching out for help can also feel scary. It takes a lot of courage to show up and take this step towards a healing path. I believe that forging a compassionate and non-judgemental relationship is crucial for growth to take place. Each individual is different so I try to tailor my approach to fit a persons needs drawing from the various techniques I have been trained in.
Life is a journey filled with ups and downs. Learning to get through life's anxieties, whether it be relationship issues, work stress, or any other life transition can feel daunting but reaching out for help can also feel scary. It takes a lot of courage to show up and take this step towards a healing path. I believe that forging a compassionate and non-judgemental relationship is crucial for growth to take place. Each individual is different so I try to tailor my approach to fit a persons needs drawing from the various techniques I have been trained in.
(718) 571-8161 View (718) 571-8161
Photo of Jacob Maier, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Astoria, NY
Jacob Maier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Astoria, NY 11105  (Online Only)
Beginning a journey of emotional, physical, and mental wellbeing can be intimidating. I know because I’ve been there. It’s hard to know where to start when there are thousands of diets, workout plans, and therapists to choose from. The good news is it’s not as complicated as it seems! The first step in solving any problem is awareness which means you are already on your way. I will help you develop the knowledge you need to create a wellness plan that best suits you as a unique individual. I will support you emotionally through the ups and downs of this journey, and help you process past traumas if they are showing up.
Beginning a journey of emotional, physical, and mental wellbeing can be intimidating. I know because I’ve been there. It’s hard to know where to start when there are thousands of diets, workout plans, and therapists to choose from. The good news is it’s not as complicated as it seems! The first step in solving any problem is awareness which means you are already on your way. I will help you develop the knowledge you need to create a wellness plan that best suits you as a unique individual. I will support you emotionally through the ups and downs of this journey, and help you process past traumas if they are showing up.
(201) 472-0653 View (201) 472-0653
Photo of Jennifer Almonte, Counselor in Astoria, NY
Jennifer Almonte
Counselor, LMHC, MS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Astoria, NY 11102  (Online Only)
Does it feel like your life is controlled by your anxiety, low self-esteem, or lack of energy? And are you sick of it? At some point, we all hit a wall and realize the life we’re living isn’t what it’s all about. We get one shot at it, and it’s meant to be filled with joy, passion, and purpose. I work with people who are ready and motivated to get better. I’m a real person, open and accepting of the full and real you. I know adulting is hard, and I help people get free from their past so they can develop the skills to feel confident in the present.
Does it feel like your life is controlled by your anxiety, low self-esteem, or lack of energy? And are you sick of it? At some point, we all hit a wall and realize the life we’re living isn’t what it’s all about. We get one shot at it, and it’s meant to be filled with joy, passion, and purpose. I work with people who are ready and motivated to get better. I’m a real person, open and accepting of the full and real you. I know adulting is hard, and I help people get free from their past so they can develop the skills to feel confident in the present.
(929) 552-6458 View (929) 552-6458
Photo of Evangelos Samaras, Counselor in Astoria, NY
Evangelos Samaras
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Astoria, NY 11105  (Online Only)
Hi, my name is Evangelos, but you can call me Evan! At the moment I am practicing through Telehealth only. If this is okay with you, please read on! The foundation of my approach to therapy is person centered and based on genuine human interaction. I understand that not every individual benefits from the same intervention, and it's for this reason I bring an eclectic tool kit, including but not limited to: Acceptance-Based, Mindfulness, CBT, DBT, Emotionally Focused, and Relaxation strategies. My earliest exposure and training in mental health was in Hypnosis, and the interaction between our conscious and subconscious mind.
Hi, my name is Evangelos, but you can call me Evan! At the moment I am practicing through Telehealth only. If this is okay with you, please read on! The foundation of my approach to therapy is person centered and based on genuine human interaction. I understand that not every individual benefits from the same intervention, and it's for this reason I bring an eclectic tool kit, including but not limited to: Acceptance-Based, Mindfulness, CBT, DBT, Emotionally Focused, and Relaxation strategies. My earliest exposure and training in mental health was in Hypnosis, and the interaction between our conscious and subconscious mind.
(347) 923-6823 View (347) 923-6823
Photo of Megan Hannan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Astoria, NY
Megan Hannan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Astoria, NY 11103
I believe that trust is the cornerstone of every meaningful therapeutic relationship, and my goal is to make you feel safe, relaxed and supported from the moment you send that first email to inquire about our first session. I know that reaching out to a new therapist or even seeking therapy for the first time can seem daunting, but I truly believe that it can be the best form of self-care. Our mental health is the key to our happiness. My style is warm, empathetic and nurturing, but I will work with you to create tactical and personalized strategies, equipping you with tools to grow and connect with your most authentic self.
I believe that trust is the cornerstone of every meaningful therapeutic relationship, and my goal is to make you feel safe, relaxed and supported from the moment you send that first email to inquire about our first session. I know that reaching out to a new therapist or even seeking therapy for the first time can seem daunting, but I truly believe that it can be the best form of self-care. Our mental health is the key to our happiness. My style is warm, empathetic and nurturing, but I will work with you to create tactical and personalized strategies, equipping you with tools to grow and connect with your most authentic self.
(929) 203-3586 View (929) 203-3586
Photo of John David Melendez, Counselor in Astoria, NY
John David Melendez
Counselor, LMHC, CASAC
Verified Verified
Astoria, NY 11106  (Online Only)
John D. Melendez is a bilingual, English and Spanish speaking, Mental Health and Substance Use Counselor experienced in providing assessment and treatment to adolescents, adults, and families from diverse ethno-cultural and racial backgrounds in order to determine appropriate services and referrals needed, implementing short-term and long-term goals in collaboration with clients.
John D. Melendez is a bilingual, English and Spanish speaking, Mental Health and Substance Use Counselor experienced in providing assessment and treatment to adolescents, adults, and families from diverse ethno-cultural and racial backgrounds in order to determine appropriate services and referrals needed, implementing short-term and long-term goals in collaboration with clients.
(646) 867-0091 View (646) 867-0091
Humanistic Therapists

How does humanistic therapy work?

One tenet of humanistic therapy is that people are good. The humanistic approach is concerned with a person’s ability to accept oneself. It likewise encourages a person to overcome self-criticism and self-defeating tendencies, as well as disapproval from others. This approach also emphasizes self-actualization and treating an individual as a whole person. A foundation of this therapy type: The patient is the expert in their life, and treatment often takes the individual’s lead.

Is humanistic therapy evidence-based?

Humanistic therapy is an evidence-based practice. Research has found that humanistic therapy can lead to significant improvement, and for some people it can be just as effective as other therapies, such as Cognitive behavioral therapy. The benefits of humanistic therapy are enduring.

How long does humanistic therapy last?

The goal of humanistic therapy is to understand a person’s day-to-day experiences. While sessions can be short-term and last over a few months, therapy can sometimes continue beyond that and last up to a year or more. And because patients learn the theory behind humanistic therapy during treatment, they can also practice its tenets throughout life after therapy sessions have been completed.

Is humanistic therapy effective?

According to research, many patients find success with humanistic therapy. Researchers note that the therapy is particularly useful in addressing poor self-esteem and self-sabotage, as well as improving conditions including anxiety and depression. Improvements in problem areas can be long standing, as individuals can continue working on themselves by using the tools they’ve learned during treatment.