Therapists in Oakland, CA

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Photo of Nico Axel Storrow, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Nico Axel Storrow
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94620
I believe in each person’s capacity for growth and healing and that we are all shaped by our past experiences and intersectional identities. Many of us have learned tools and patterns to get through difficult experiences, however, those patterns may no longer serve us or create barriers to our current growth and relationships. Through a trusting relationship with a therapist, we can create a safe environment to identify and explore these patterns.
I believe in each person’s capacity for growth and healing and that we are all shaped by our past experiences and intersectional identities. Many of us have learned tools and patterns to get through difficult experiences, however, those patterns may no longer serve us or create barriers to our current growth and relationships. Through a trusting relationship with a therapist, we can create a safe environment to identify and explore these patterns.
(402) 685-8660 View (402) 685-8660
Photo of Theresa M Fleury, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Theresa M Fleury
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
I work primarily with relationships; your relationship to yourself, to others, to your future, and to your past. With over 30 years in practice, I use a collaborative style with my clients. Self esteem, depression, anxiety, parenting issues, infertility, life transitions, adult children of alcoholics, addiction recovery, trauma, and couples therapy are my expertise. I specialize in helping couples improve communication and intimacy while creating more secure relationships. I see adults and adolescents and supervise psychologists in training. I often see people who are stuck in negative patterns and struggling to change.
I work primarily with relationships; your relationship to yourself, to others, to your future, and to your past. With over 30 years in practice, I use a collaborative style with my clients. Self esteem, depression, anxiety, parenting issues, infertility, life transitions, adult children of alcoholics, addiction recovery, trauma, and couples therapy are my expertise. I specialize in helping couples improve communication and intimacy while creating more secure relationships. I see adults and adolescents and supervise psychologists in training. I often see people who are stuck in negative patterns and struggling to change.
(510) 404-8625 View (510) 404-8625
Photo of Jackie Fine Dahan, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Jackie Fine Dahan
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
I work with Individuals and Couples who are interested in healing and growth. My practice is influenced by a variety of treatment modalities that I have trained in extensively. My style is warm and interactive with a big dose of common sense. I am deeply commited to helping people live values driven lives and to getting out of their own way to live more fully and joyfully.
I work with Individuals and Couples who are interested in healing and growth. My practice is influenced by a variety of treatment modalities that I have trained in extensively. My style is warm and interactive with a big dose of common sense. I am deeply commited to helping people live values driven lives and to getting out of their own way to live more fully and joyfully.
(917) 809-6954 View (917) 809-6954
Photo of Alison Trules, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Alison Trules
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
If you are seeking deep personal change or going through a life transition, it may feel difficult to make choices. If you are experiencing conflict or suffering and know that something needs to change, psychotherapy will provide a structure where you can identify patterns that have previously led to unhappiness or frustration. I will help you develop new ways of understanding yourself and relating to others in your life. I am a warm, experienced and compassionate psychotherapist that will help guide you through this process of change so that you can be your most authentic self and live your life with increased comfort and meaning.
If you are seeking deep personal change or going through a life transition, it may feel difficult to make choices. If you are experiencing conflict or suffering and know that something needs to change, psychotherapy will provide a structure where you can identify patterns that have previously led to unhappiness or frustration. I will help you develop new ways of understanding yourself and relating to others in your life. I am a warm, experienced and compassionate psychotherapist that will help guide you through this process of change so that you can be your most authentic self and live your life with increased comfort and meaning.
(510) 417-3442 View (510) 417-3442
Photo of Areeza Ali, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Areeza Ali
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Despite your successes, you feel unhappy, worried, overwhelmed, lonely and unfulfilled in your life. You may be seeking more satisfying relationships with family, friends and intimate partners. Perhaps your life is being touched by major changes and this time, you aren’t able to hold all the pieces by yourself. Or perhaps you need support with addressing the complexities and emotional strain associated with being a child of immigrant parents or navigating the world as a person of color. You may have found short-term strategies helpful in the past but are looking for more long term change and satisfaction.
Despite your successes, you feel unhappy, worried, overwhelmed, lonely and unfulfilled in your life. You may be seeking more satisfying relationships with family, friends and intimate partners. Perhaps your life is being touched by major changes and this time, you aren’t able to hold all the pieces by yourself. Or perhaps you need support with addressing the complexities and emotional strain associated with being a child of immigrant parents or navigating the world as a person of color. You may have found short-term strategies helpful in the past but are looking for more long term change and satisfaction.
(510) 662-0908 View (510) 662-0908
Photo of Amy Taylor Griffin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Amy Taylor Griffin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Adulting is hard! So is being a kid! My therapy offers a safe space to strengthen you and/or your child’s resiliency and find the ease you’ve been seeking. Together, let’s deepen your self-understanding with therapy in a collaborative journey of compassion, healing, and skill building. We all need support at times to develop our strengths, gain guidance towards healing, and create space for positive change.
Adulting is hard! So is being a kid! My therapy offers a safe space to strengthen you and/or your child’s resiliency and find the ease you’ve been seeking. Together, let’s deepen your self-understanding with therapy in a collaborative journey of compassion, healing, and skill building. We all need support at times to develop our strengths, gain guidance towards healing, and create space for positive change.
(510) 350-3934 View (510) 350-3934
Photo of Carrie E Gray, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Carrie E Gray
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
In an atmosphere of acceptance, understanding and clarity, I am here to support your relationship with yourself. Using tools such as mindfulness, insight, somatic and narrative approaches, I create a space where the many parts of you are welcome. Goal setting is a collaborative process and therapy can be long or short term depending on your needs. I deeply support the listening process, as well as the interplay between individual needs and relationship needs. I have a particular orientation towards meaning and purpose, and I draw from your values as a means of integrating both difficult and inspiring experiences.
In an atmosphere of acceptance, understanding and clarity, I am here to support your relationship with yourself. Using tools such as mindfulness, insight, somatic and narrative approaches, I create a space where the many parts of you are welcome. Goal setting is a collaborative process and therapy can be long or short term depending on your needs. I deeply support the listening process, as well as the interplay between individual needs and relationship needs. I have a particular orientation towards meaning and purpose, and I draw from your values as a means of integrating both difficult and inspiring experiences.
(510) 343-7651 View (510) 343-7651
Photo of Cameo Johnson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Cameo Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
I specialize in working with transitional-age youth and young adults age 14 and up. I guide each session with a social justice and trauma-informed lens to support your mental, emotional, and social development. This includes supporting you in managing practical life challenges such as education, employment, and interpersonal communication, as well as more complex obstacles like imposter syndrome, financial values, and intimate relationship dynamics/composition. If you are interested in beginning your journey toward becoming more a confident, introspective, emotionally balanced individual, I will be here every step of the way.
I specialize in working with transitional-age youth and young adults age 14 and up. I guide each session with a social justice and trauma-informed lens to support your mental, emotional, and social development. This includes supporting you in managing practical life challenges such as education, employment, and interpersonal communication, as well as more complex obstacles like imposter syndrome, financial values, and intimate relationship dynamics/composition. If you are interested in beginning your journey toward becoming more a confident, introspective, emotionally balanced individual, I will be here every step of the way.
(510) 936-7611 View (510) 936-7611
Photo of Gwen J Sanders, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Gwen J Sanders
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
My clients are most often dealing with communication concerns, issues of intimacy and complications related to life changes. When traumatic events impact their daily lives, they may seek assistance. Occasionally couples and families experiencing stress in their relationships may need an objective listener and guide to help them figure out how to reestablish balance. With the many demands of life and work, we work together to find pleasure in their families and for parents to reinstate parental authority within the family structure.
My clients are most often dealing with communication concerns, issues of intimacy and complications related to life changes. When traumatic events impact their daily lives, they may seek assistance. Occasionally couples and families experiencing stress in their relationships may need an objective listener and guide to help them figure out how to reestablish balance. With the many demands of life and work, we work together to find pleasure in their families and for parents to reinstate parental authority within the family structure.
(510) 403-8093 View (510) 403-8093
Photo of SSAC Counseling and Training, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
SSAC Counseling and Training
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Not accepting new clients
Over the past 17 years I have been healing the families of Alameda County. I am most known for my ability to reach hard to engage high risk clients in the African-American Community. I believe that my calling is to guide my clients to the roads of self-control, self-love, and self-motivation. Knowing that once one knows and loves their true self they are able to have better relationships with their children, partners, and family.
Over the past 17 years I have been healing the families of Alameda County. I am most known for my ability to reach hard to engage high risk clients in the African-American Community. I believe that my calling is to guide my clients to the roads of self-control, self-love, and self-motivation. Knowing that once one knows and loves their true self they are able to have better relationships with their children, partners, and family.
(510) 296-6521 View (510) 296-6521
Photo of Kelli Tillquist, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Kelli Tillquist
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
Sometimes being human is just plain hard. I work collaboratively with you to assist in utilizing your strengths to get through those rough patches. You are unique in your experiences, and I draw upon multiple evidence-based therapy techniques to explore and create an individualized plan that is solution-focused and works for you. I create a safe space that fosters personal growth and allows you to feel heard and understood. We are all human, and sometimes we just need a little extra help to make it through.
Sometimes being human is just plain hard. I work collaboratively with you to assist in utilizing your strengths to get through those rough patches. You are unique in your experiences, and I draw upon multiple evidence-based therapy techniques to explore and create an individualized plan that is solution-focused and works for you. I create a safe space that fosters personal growth and allows you to feel heard and understood. We are all human, and sometimes we just need a little extra help to make it through.
(510) 422-0959 View (510) 422-0959
Photo of Jamie Kellenberger, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Jamie Kellenberger
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
We live in a culture that doesn’t give much space for our emotional lives, and we are expected to do all the things. It can be exhausting and lonely. Therapy is a place and process to slow down and be in touch with yourself. My work centers on the idea that emotional well-being and behavior are rooted in past experiences and the need to survive some type of oppressive conditions. Therapy involves helping you learn how to listen to yourself more deeply to change deep-seated patterns and take charge of your life.
We live in a culture that doesn’t give much space for our emotional lives, and we are expected to do all the things. It can be exhausting and lonely. Therapy is a place and process to slow down and be in touch with yourself. My work centers on the idea that emotional well-being and behavior are rooted in past experiences and the need to survive some type of oppressive conditions. Therapy involves helping you learn how to listen to yourself more deeply to change deep-seated patterns and take charge of your life.
(510) 945-3513 View (510) 945-3513
Photo of Edward McNichols, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Edward McNichols
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
People come to therapy for different reasons. Some of my clients have difficulties with personal relationships, some are dealing with stress or anxiety, depression, or grief and loss. Some are dealing with traumatic experience. Our work together will help you identify and remove the obstacles that stand in the way of achieving your goals.
People come to therapy for different reasons. Some of my clients have difficulties with personal relationships, some are dealing with stress or anxiety, depression, or grief and loss. Some are dealing with traumatic experience. Our work together will help you identify and remove the obstacles that stand in the way of achieving your goals.
(415) 855-3680 View (415) 855-3680
Photo of Daphne Ng, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Daphne Ng
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
Sometimes, we get stuck in patterns that might have been helpful at some point in our lives but are not so helpful to us now. These patterns show up in the ways we respond in our relationships, in work/school, to challenges, and to ourselves. We’ll approach therapy as collaborators to build up your skills and strengths to get you unstuck. In our work together, we'll gently explore the past, so we can create an action plan for a different future. We'll recontextualize what no longer serves you and make space for your curious, creative self to emerge.
Sometimes, we get stuck in patterns that might have been helpful at some point in our lives but are not so helpful to us now. These patterns show up in the ways we respond in our relationships, in work/school, to challenges, and to ourselves. We’ll approach therapy as collaborators to build up your skills and strengths to get you unstuck. In our work together, we'll gently explore the past, so we can create an action plan for a different future. We'll recontextualize what no longer serves you and make space for your curious, creative self to emerge.
(415) 917-2947 View (415) 917-2947
Photo of Patricia Banchik Rothschild, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Patricia Banchik Rothschild
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CMHIMP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609
Waitlist for new clients
My experience comes from 31 years of helping children, adults, couples and families in both Community Mental Health and Private Practice. My approach is eclectic and tailored to each individual's needs to facilitate healing and growth. Through my years of experience I have witnessed over and over again people coming into therapy with great pain, discomfort and despair but with time, (sometimes within a very short time) their symptoms diminish and a whole new person emerges. Crisis times can be extremely painful and distressful but they can also be opportunities for growth and healing through therapy.
My experience comes from 31 years of helping children, adults, couples and families in both Community Mental Health and Private Practice. My approach is eclectic and tailored to each individual's needs to facilitate healing and growth. Through my years of experience I have witnessed over and over again people coming into therapy with great pain, discomfort and despair but with time, (sometimes within a very short time) their symptoms diminish and a whole new person emerges. Crisis times can be extremely painful and distressful but they can also be opportunities for growth and healing through therapy.
(510) 403-8151 View (510) 403-8151
Photo of Mikhaëla Beaudet-DeBus, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Mikhaëla Beaudet-DeBus
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Welcome! I support my Clients' path to arrive at a freer, more empowered version of themselves. I am passionate about working through an intersectional and trauma-informed lens with everyone. I respect my Clients deeply and give them my genuine warmth and attentiveness. I am a good fit for people who are nervous about therapy, people working on boundaries, self love, finding their voice, embodiment, healing from trauma/complex trauma as well as folks from all parts of the LGBT+ family. I am here for gender exploration, questioning, arrival and take a non judgmental stance on all corners of consensual sex/sexuality/kink/non-monog+
Welcome! I support my Clients' path to arrive at a freer, more empowered version of themselves. I am passionate about working through an intersectional and trauma-informed lens with everyone. I respect my Clients deeply and give them my genuine warmth and attentiveness. I am a good fit for people who are nervous about therapy, people working on boundaries, self love, finding their voice, embodiment, healing from trauma/complex trauma as well as folks from all parts of the LGBT+ family. I am here for gender exploration, questioning, arrival and take a non judgmental stance on all corners of consensual sex/sexuality/kink/non-monog+
(510) 880-3764 View (510) 880-3764
Photo of Talia Chanoff, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Talia Chanoff
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602
I am here to be present with you as you explore and process how the vast injustices in the world may be affecting your internal states. Together we can examine the question: Is there something “wrong” with me as an individual, or do we live in an inequitable society that causes emotional and often generational trauma? Our trauma can lead to behaviors that do not ultimately serve us or align with our core values—but there is room to heal. Your ancestral roots, intersecting identities, and cultural practices are an honor for me to make space for in our work together.
I am here to be present with you as you explore and process how the vast injustices in the world may be affecting your internal states. Together we can examine the question: Is there something “wrong” with me as an individual, or do we live in an inequitable society that causes emotional and often generational trauma? Our trauma can lead to behaviors that do not ultimately serve us or align with our core values—but there is room to heal. Your ancestral roots, intersecting identities, and cultural practices are an honor for me to make space for in our work together.
(415) 319-9235 View (415) 319-9235
Photo of Susan Diamond Moore, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Susan Diamond Moore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602  (Online Only)
I consider it a privilege to work with you to explore aspects of your life experience which have diminished your satisfaction with life or otherwise left you feeling lost or alone. Challenges around loss, aging, illness, trauma or relationships can feel too frightening to tackle alone. As a seasoned and compassionate psychotherapist, I can help you bear and work with what may feel unbearable. Together, we will create a protected space that fosters the trust, aliveness and self-expression that are essential to growth and success in love and work, where you can ultimately reclaim your life and joie-de-vivre.
I consider it a privilege to work with you to explore aspects of your life experience which have diminished your satisfaction with life or otherwise left you feeling lost or alone. Challenges around loss, aging, illness, trauma or relationships can feel too frightening to tackle alone. As a seasoned and compassionate psychotherapist, I can help you bear and work with what may feel unbearable. Together, we will create a protected space that fosters the trust, aliveness and self-expression that are essential to growth and success in love and work, where you can ultimately reclaim your life and joie-de-vivre.
(510) 985-4589 View (510) 985-4589
Photo of Rebecca Silverstein, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Rebecca Silverstein
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94601
It's possible to have a fulfilling, meaningful and joyful life. I create a safe space for you to explore how your life experiences shaped your view of yourself and others. As a result of childhood abuse or neglect, intergenerational transmission of trauma and ongoing injustice, we can develop negative beliefs about our worth and what the world will provide for us. These often unconscious thoughts and behaviors helped you survive and even thrive but may not work well now. As humans, we go through many times of growth where we shed what doesn't fit, so we can become even an better version of ourselves.
It's possible to have a fulfilling, meaningful and joyful life. I create a safe space for you to explore how your life experiences shaped your view of yourself and others. As a result of childhood abuse or neglect, intergenerational transmission of trauma and ongoing injustice, we can develop negative beliefs about our worth and what the world will provide for us. These often unconscious thoughts and behaviors helped you survive and even thrive but may not work well now. As humans, we go through many times of growth where we shed what doesn't fit, so we can become even an better version of ourselves.
(415) 403-2734 View (415) 403-2734
Photo of Christina Hourany, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Christina Hourany
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609
If you are reading this, you have chosen to take the first step to healing. This decision is a demonstration of your resiliency, strength, and courage to be vulnerable, something to be immensely proud of. My therapeutic approach in working with individuals and couples is integrative. I recognize that no two persons are the same and that each person requires a treatment plan that is adapted to meet their needs. I recognize that experiences of trauma and pain are two unavoidable life experiences. However, I believe that there is a resiliency and strength inside each individual that supports a path of healing.
If you are reading this, you have chosen to take the first step to healing. This decision is a demonstration of your resiliency, strength, and courage to be vulnerable, something to be immensely proud of. My therapeutic approach in working with individuals and couples is integrative. I recognize that no two persons are the same and that each person requires a treatment plan that is adapted to meet their needs. I recognize that experiences of trauma and pain are two unavoidable life experiences. However, I believe that there is a resiliency and strength inside each individual that supports a path of healing.
(925) 701-9385 View (925) 701-9385

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

59% Aetna
48% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.