Therapists in Aptos, CA

Photo of Stephen L Braveman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
Stephen L Braveman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, DST, CST, CST-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Aptos, CA 95003  (Online Only)
Founder and Director of the Intimacy, Sexuality & Gender Center of California, Stephen has been providing professional top of the field Sex Therapy and Gender Identity Therapy to the Central Coast for over 32 years! ISGC, extensively serves the needs of individuals with sexual dysfunctions, those who have been sexually abused, couples struggling with sexual and intimacy issues, the Transgender/Transsexual community, the LGBT communities and the communities of all other sexual and gender minorities. Stephen also serves Victims of Domestic Violence and Sexual Compulsivity (Out of Control Sexual Behavior.)
Founder and Director of the Intimacy, Sexuality & Gender Center of California, Stephen has been providing professional top of the field Sex Therapy and Gender Identity Therapy to the Central Coast for over 32 years! ISGC, extensively serves the needs of individuals with sexual dysfunctions, those who have been sexually abused, couples struggling with sexual and intimacy issues, the Transgender/Transsexual community, the LGBT communities and the communities of all other sexual and gender minorities. Stephen also serves Victims of Domestic Violence and Sexual Compulsivity (Out of Control Sexual Behavior.)
(831) 216-6848 View (831) 216-6848
Photo of Erin Liana Johnson, Counselor in Aptos, CA
Erin Liana Johnson
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Aptos, CA 95003
If you have been living with chronic pain or illness your relationship to your physicality may currently feel jarred, broken, or thrown off course. You may be grieving the life you thought you would have, or feeling weighed down by addressing day to day challenges. If you are seeking to repair your relationship between yourself and your body, gain new coping skills, and challenge current paradigms, I would be a great fit for you!
If you have been living with chronic pain or illness your relationship to your physicality may currently feel jarred, broken, or thrown off course. You may be grieving the life you thought you would have, or feeling weighed down by addressing day to day challenges. If you are seeking to repair your relationship between yourself and your body, gain new coping skills, and challenge current paradigms, I would be a great fit for you!
(831) 215-4138 View (831) 215-4138
Photo of Craig Rothhammer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Aptos, CA
Craig Rothhammer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Aptos, CA 95003  (Online Only)
I am a highly experienced practitioner with 43 years of clinical experience, willing to work with more complex cases. I have a calm demeanor (California beach style) but communicate directly, with transparency and tact. My goal is assist you in developing the skills and insights to approach a vast array of situations., with a higher degree of success. I seek to provide the means to manage immediate issues, but also techniques to become more independent in facing the inevitable future challenges of life. I have seen exclusively Kaiser NorCal clients.
I am a highly experienced practitioner with 43 years of clinical experience, willing to work with more complex cases. I have a calm demeanor (California beach style) but communicate directly, with transparency and tact. My goal is assist you in developing the skills and insights to approach a vast array of situations., with a higher degree of success. I seek to provide the means to manage immediate issues, but also techniques to become more independent in facing the inevitable future challenges of life. I have seen exclusively Kaiser NorCal clients.
(562) 352-1243 View (562) 352-1243
Photo of Kim Goldman, Psychologist in Aptos, CA
Kim Goldman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Aptos, CA 95001  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome! I'm a clinical psychologist specializing in supporting adults and elders. My therapeutic approach is creating a safe, non-judgmental, and empathetic supportive professional relationship. I offer compassionate therapy that caters to your unique needs. Through a client-centered approach, I will work to help you navigate life's ups and downs. My work focuses on using evidence-based techniques, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness, to expand your coping skills.
Hello and welcome! I'm a clinical psychologist specializing in supporting adults and elders. My therapeutic approach is creating a safe, non-judgmental, and empathetic supportive professional relationship. I offer compassionate therapy that caters to your unique needs. Through a client-centered approach, I will work to help you navigate life's ups and downs. My work focuses on using evidence-based techniques, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness, to expand your coping skills.
(831) 215-5053 View (831) 215-5053
Photo of Eric Ochoa, Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
Eric Ochoa
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Aptos, CA 95003
I am committed to helping you find the best clinician for your needs. Feel free to reach out to me and I will listen to your needs and help connect you with someone who can help--whether that is me or another clinician.
I am committed to helping you find the best clinician for your needs. Feel free to reach out to me and I will listen to your needs and help connect you with someone who can help--whether that is me or another clinician.
(831) 201-5326 View (831) 201-5326
Photo of Darcy Cavanaugh, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Aptos, CA
Darcy Cavanaugh
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
Aptos, CA 95003
So glad that you are here. Whether you are struggling with something that has recently arisen, or are ready to dive into healing the past, I am here to support you in your journey. I am a Somatic based psychotherapist who works to integrate trauma through safely accessing the body and mind. LGBTQIA affirmative and diversity oriented, I aim to address underlying systems of power within and surrounding each of us. In doing so, I work in a way that supports and nurtures whatever shows up.
So glad that you are here. Whether you are struggling with something that has recently arisen, or are ready to dive into healing the past, I am here to support you in your journey. I am a Somatic based psychotherapist who works to integrate trauma through safely accessing the body and mind. LGBTQIA affirmative and diversity oriented, I aim to address underlying systems of power within and surrounding each of us. In doing so, I work in a way that supports and nurtures whatever shows up.
(831) 201-1994 View (831) 201-1994
Photo of Whitney E Burgess, Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
Whitney E Burgess
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Aptos, CA 95003  (Online Only)
In my practice, I draw upon evidence-based practices and embrace a holistic approach to therapy. Every intervention I offer is carefully tailored to honor the unique essence of every individual. Whether gently weaving in somatic-focused techniques, delicately navigating interpersonal dynamics, or gently guiding mindfulness practices, my intention is to create a nurturing space for profound healing and transformation to unfold.
In my practice, I draw upon evidence-based practices and embrace a holistic approach to therapy. Every intervention I offer is carefully tailored to honor the unique essence of every individual. Whether gently weaving in somatic-focused techniques, delicately navigating interpersonal dynamics, or gently guiding mindfulness practices, my intention is to create a nurturing space for profound healing and transformation to unfold.
(831) 740-3125 View (831) 740-3125
Photo of Joshua Lowe, Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
Joshua Lowe
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MAEd
Verified Verified
Aptos, CA 95003
My commitment to all my clients is to provide empathy, compassion, and curiosity in order to support authentic expression of feelings and needs. The path towards authentic expression is unique to the individual depending on their background, their experience with therapy and their specific therapeutic goals and so I offer various therapeutic interventions, to support authentic self expression and healing. I value both the exploration of one's past as well as here and now functioning through mindfulness practice. Using a holistic approach and focusing on the client's strengths and insights, the journey towards wholeness begins.
My commitment to all my clients is to provide empathy, compassion, and curiosity in order to support authentic expression of feelings and needs. The path towards authentic expression is unique to the individual depending on their background, their experience with therapy and their specific therapeutic goals and so I offer various therapeutic interventions, to support authentic self expression and healing. I value both the exploration of one's past as well as here and now functioning through mindfulness practice. Using a holistic approach and focusing on the client's strengths and insights, the journey towards wholeness begins.
(831) 665-6770 View (831) 665-6770
Photo of Patricia Dudley, Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
Patricia Dudley
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Aptos, CA 95003
I work well with motivated clients who are looking to improve their daily lives through self-exploration, and are open to challenging their current patterns in order to reach your goals. Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, feeling stuck, work/life stress, relationship issues, past trauma, or managing the daily challenges we are facing during this COVID-19 global shift, I would love to be here to support you. I work primarily with individuals and groups.
I work well with motivated clients who are looking to improve their daily lives through self-exploration, and are open to challenging their current patterns in order to reach your goals. Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, feeling stuck, work/life stress, relationship issues, past trauma, or managing the daily challenges we are facing during this COVID-19 global shift, I would love to be here to support you. I work primarily with individuals and groups.
(831) 292-4073 View (831) 292-4073
Photo of Roscelia Madrigal, Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
Roscelia Madrigal
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT , CTT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Aptos, CA 95003
You are pushing through life and aware of what you want but you are stuck. You struggle to apply what you already know leaving you anxious and confused. You are committed to your growth and have a desire to improve but something is blocking you from acheiving your goals. You want to improve your relationship with yourself and your relationships with others, but you need help developing healthier boundaries. You just want to feel happy and be you, but at times you don’t feel You is good enough.
You are pushing through life and aware of what you want but you are stuck. You struggle to apply what you already know leaving you anxious and confused. You are committed to your growth and have a desire to improve but something is blocking you from acheiving your goals. You want to improve your relationship with yourself and your relationships with others, but you need help developing healthier boundaries. You just want to feel happy and be you, but at times you don’t feel You is good enough.
(831) 208-3288 View (831) 208-3288
Photo of James ‘Jamie' Martin Hollomon, Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
James ‘Jamie' Martin Hollomon
Marriage & Family Therapist, JD, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Aptos, CA 95003
Without mincing words, I'm a very good therapist and I love my job. With 28 years experience at 3 youth and adult clinics, including 10 years now in private practice, I've met with such a variety of people in about 34,224 sessions over this time! Educated at Harvard, Penn and CA State Chico, I have remarkable ability to see through a person's upset to your wonderful spirit and strengths. I'm a great detective at identifying the core issues. I'm romantic at heart, so I love getting people through difficult periods to come out shining! I congratulate you for your courage in seeking help. Call Me!
Without mincing words, I'm a very good therapist and I love my job. With 28 years experience at 3 youth and adult clinics, including 10 years now in private practice, I've met with such a variety of people in about 34,224 sessions over this time! Educated at Harvard, Penn and CA State Chico, I have remarkable ability to see through a person's upset to your wonderful spirit and strengths. I'm a great detective at identifying the core issues. I'm romantic at heart, so I love getting people through difficult periods to come out shining! I congratulate you for your courage in seeking help. Call Me!
(831) 531-2136 View (831) 531-2136
Photo of Phyllis Heenan, LCSW, DCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Aptos, CA
Phyllis Heenan, LCSW, DCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, DCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Aptos, CA 95003
Not accepting new clients
We all have an inner wisdom and interior life that can inform and transform how we hold and participate in the wonder of our lives. I view psychotherapy as a threshold for those seeking a deeper connection to their own experience. Exploring how these mysterious inner resources manifest in the external environment can make it possible to view our lives from a new vantage point. I support individuals to feel more alive, awake and whole in each moment regardless of their circumstances.
We all have an inner wisdom and interior life that can inform and transform how we hold and participate in the wonder of our lives. I view psychotherapy as a threshold for those seeking a deeper connection to their own experience. Exploring how these mysterious inner resources manifest in the external environment can make it possible to view our lives from a new vantage point. I support individuals to feel more alive, awake and whole in each moment regardless of their circumstances.
(831) 824-5135 View (831) 824-5135
Photo of Amy Gregg, Psychologist in Aptos, CA
Amy Gregg
Psychologist, PhD, MA
Verified Verified
Aptos, CA 95003  (Online Only)
I want to hear what you have to say, supporting you with compassion and insight. Who are you at your deepest, truest self? I use the Feeling Good model of CBT and EMDR (Flash and regular EMDR) to help bring awareness to your inner processes, effectively releasing emotion, negative thoughts, and healing trauma. Learn to offer yourself loving kindness and neutrally observe what you are feeling and thinking. Practice self care to to treat yourself as your own best friend. Enlightenment is possible and is an ongoing journey of deepening that awareness.
I want to hear what you have to say, supporting you with compassion and insight. Who are you at your deepest, truest self? I use the Feeling Good model of CBT and EMDR (Flash and regular EMDR) to help bring awareness to your inner processes, effectively releasing emotion, negative thoughts, and healing trauma. Learn to offer yourself loving kindness and neutrally observe what you are feeling and thinking. Practice self care to to treat yourself as your own best friend. Enlightenment is possible and is an ongoing journey of deepening that awareness.
(831) 800-2381 View (831) 800-2381
Photo of Joel Stiles, Psychologist in Aptos, CA
Joel Stiles
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Aptos, CA 95003
Often life presents us with difficulties and painful challenges. I can help whether your intention is to heal from past or current emotional struggles or to improve relationships. Together we can explore your strengths as well as your difficulties to find solutions. I work with individuals, couples, and families to strengthen relationships and improve communication. I have a strong appreciation for diversity and believe each individual has unique gifts. I am skilled in responding to your individual needs with compassion and respect.
Often life presents us with difficulties and painful challenges. I can help whether your intention is to heal from past or current emotional struggles or to improve relationships. Together we can explore your strengths as well as your difficulties to find solutions. I work with individuals, couples, and families to strengthen relationships and improve communication. I have a strong appreciation for diversity and believe each individual has unique gifts. I am skilled in responding to your individual needs with compassion and respect.
(831) 278-3136 x14 View (831) 278-3136 x14
Photo of Elisa Martínez: Therapy For Anxious Thinkers And Insecure Achievers In Ca., Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
Elisa Martínez: Therapy For Anxious Thinkers And Insecure Achievers In Ca.
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Aptos, CA 95003  (Online Only)
You're a smart, sensitive soul who knows how to get shit DONE. People can count on you because you're the responsible, reliable "giver" who makes sure others' wants and needs are met. On the outside, it seems like you've got it all together. But your mind is often a maelstrom of worry and turmoil, anticipating worst-case scenarios and disaster. Your inner critic whispers (or shouts!) in your ear: "Maybe you're just not good enough...you're failing...you're a fraud." Your outer success is a double-edged sword, rewarding you with the external validation that makes you feel worthy but keeps you on the approval-seeking hamster wheel.
You're a smart, sensitive soul who knows how to get shit DONE. People can count on you because you're the responsible, reliable "giver" who makes sure others' wants and needs are met. On the outside, it seems like you've got it all together. But your mind is often a maelstrom of worry and turmoil, anticipating worst-case scenarios and disaster. Your inner critic whispers (or shouts!) in your ear: "Maybe you're just not good enough...you're failing...you're a fraud." Your outer success is a double-edged sword, rewarding you with the external validation that makes you feel worthy but keeps you on the approval-seeking hamster wheel.
(408) 662-1945 View (408) 662-1945
Photo of Jessica Brohmer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
Jessica Brohmer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Aptos, CA 95003  (Online Only)
When someone important to you has died, grief therapy can help unpack the layers of emotions and memories. Every new loss can bring up memories of past losses, and each year the grief can return during anniversaries, birthdays, holidays, and other events. Modern culture often doesn't know what to do with grief, and the people around you don't know how to respond to your sadness and pain, either treating you like you're fragile or expecting you to move on like nothing happened. You need support through your grief where you can process the loss at your own pace.
When someone important to you has died, grief therapy can help unpack the layers of emotions and memories. Every new loss can bring up memories of past losses, and each year the grief can return during anniversaries, birthdays, holidays, and other events. Modern culture often doesn't know what to do with grief, and the people around you don't know how to respond to your sadness and pain, either treating you like you're fragile or expecting you to move on like nothing happened. You need support through your grief where you can process the loss at your own pace.
(831) 219-2285 View (831) 219-2285
Photo of Ross Bryan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
Ross Bryan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Aptos, CA 95001
I help people through difficult times and growth periods in their lives and have been counseling professionally since 2002. My education includes Sonoma State University, University of Southern California and John F. Kennedy University. Through over three decades of work in various businesses and counseling situations I understand a diverse range of viewpoints, needs and desires. When someone is in a challenging time in their life, they need a compassionate and non-judgmental, yet direct and experienced professional to illuminate the path and bring clarity to a situation.
I help people through difficult times and growth periods in their lives and have been counseling professionally since 2002. My education includes Sonoma State University, University of Southern California and John F. Kennedy University. Through over three decades of work in various businesses and counseling situations I understand a diverse range of viewpoints, needs and desires. When someone is in a challenging time in their life, they need a compassionate and non-judgmental, yet direct and experienced professional to illuminate the path and bring clarity to a situation.
(831) 778-4485 View (831) 778-4485
Lydia Marcoon
RN, Coach
Verified Verified
Aptos, CA 95003
I love humans and I am passionate about human behavior! Been a nurse for over 30 years and a Health and Well Being Coach. Wanting to move from fear and lack towards your TRUTH, trust, and deeper connection? We are all looking for similar core needs: to feel worthy, be loved, and feel belonging. Let's explore this path together.
I love humans and I am passionate about human behavior! Been a nurse for over 30 years and a Health and Well Being Coach. Wanting to move from fear and lack towards your TRUTH, trust, and deeper connection? We are all looking for similar core needs: to feel worthy, be loved, and feel belonging. Let's explore this path together.
(831) 786-5784 View (831) 786-5784
Photo of Teresa Locascio, Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
Teresa Locascio
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Aptos, CA 95003  (Online Only)
In a fast-paced world full of distractions, it's easy to become overwhelmed, run-down, and to feel disconnected from yourself and others. When this happens, it's important to slow down to reassess and recalibrate before moving forward. Emotional health is just as important as physical, and therapy can be a way to not only learn tools to regain stability and overcome obstacles but to discover and resolve the root causes of these difficulties. People sometimes find themselves uncertain about starting therapy. My goal is to create a safe space where you feel supported and heard as we work together to nurture your growth.
In a fast-paced world full of distractions, it's easy to become overwhelmed, run-down, and to feel disconnected from yourself and others. When this happens, it's important to slow down to reassess and recalibrate before moving forward. Emotional health is just as important as physical, and therapy can be a way to not only learn tools to regain stability and overcome obstacles but to discover and resolve the root causes of these difficulties. People sometimes find themselves uncertain about starting therapy. My goal is to create a safe space where you feel supported and heard as we work together to nurture your growth.
(831) 278-4802 View (831) 278-4802
Photo of Karen Ouse, Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
Karen Ouse
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, SEP, NARM
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Aptos, CA 95003
Waitlist for new clients
Are you suffering from the effects of trauma in your life? Are you finding that talk therapy alone is not shifting patterns of mood and behavior? I am a holistic psychotherapist with specialized training in Somatic Experiencing and the Neuro-Affective Relational Model. You may feel as though you don't know who you are any more, that life has become burdensome, or maybe you have the sense that you were never really your authentic self to begin with. Perhaps you experience physiological and behavioral symptoms such as addiction, overwhelm, and isolation. This loss of connection to self/other is indicative of trauma. I can help you.
Are you suffering from the effects of trauma in your life? Are you finding that talk therapy alone is not shifting patterns of mood and behavior? I am a holistic psychotherapist with specialized training in Somatic Experiencing and the Neuro-Affective Relational Model. You may feel as though you don't know who you are any more, that life has become burdensome, or maybe you have the sense that you were never really your authentic self to begin with. Perhaps you experience physiological and behavioral symptoms such as addiction, overwhelm, and isolation. This loss of connection to self/other is indicative of trauma. I can help you.
(831) 216-5398 View (831) 216-5398

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Aptos, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Aptos, CA who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
89% Depression
86% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
70% Grief
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

33% Aetna
33% Other
31% MHN | Health Net

How Therapists in Aptos, CA see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
25% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Aptos?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.