Therapists in Knoxville, TN

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Photo of Melissa Whelpley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Melissa Whelpley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37909
Ms. Whelpley works with ages 4 years old through adults. She works with individuals as well as families. She is trained in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) as well as Trauma Focused Coginitive Behavioral Therapy, Attachment, Self Regulation and Competency, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy and Play Therapy.
Ms. Whelpley works with ages 4 years old through adults. She works with individuals as well as families. She is trained in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) as well as Trauma Focused Coginitive Behavioral Therapy, Attachment, Self Regulation and Competency, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy and Play Therapy.
(865) 205-7427 View (865) 205-7427
Photo of Kristen Jalovecky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Kristen Jalovecky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37909
Kristen Jalovecky, LCSW Kristen Jalovecky is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Tennessee who has been practicing since 2018. Kristen has experience working directly with clients in many different settings including outpatient private practice, home-based psychotherapy, inpatient psychiatric hospital, and hospice/palliative care. Also, she was blessed with the opportunity to work with an equine-assisted psychotherapy organization called Traverse, inc. which is an amazing program helping children and families who have experienced trauma.
Kristen Jalovecky, LCSW Kristen Jalovecky is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Tennessee who has been practicing since 2018. Kristen has experience working directly with clients in many different settings including outpatient private practice, home-based psychotherapy, inpatient psychiatric hospital, and hospice/palliative care. Also, she was blessed with the opportunity to work with an equine-assisted psychotherapy organization called Traverse, inc. which is an amazing program helping children and families who have experienced trauma.
(865) 761-8557 View (865) 761-8557
Photo of Rachel Doyle, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Rachel Doyle
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
My passion is to meet clients where they are today so that they can grow a better tomorrow. I work primarily with couples and individuals (age 13+) from a variety of circumstances. Throughout my career, I have developed a passion for empowering clients with tools to increase confidence, practical communication skills within relationships, and incorporating self-care practices to promote healing within the self.
My passion is to meet clients where they are today so that they can grow a better tomorrow. I work primarily with couples and individuals (age 13+) from a variety of circumstances. Throughout my career, I have developed a passion for empowering clients with tools to increase confidence, practical communication skills within relationships, and incorporating self-care practices to promote healing within the self.
(865) 302-3201 View (865) 302-3201
Photo of Nina DiTommaso, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Nina DiTommaso
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPCMHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
Dr. Nina DiTommaso is a firm believer in the total health of the individual, including mental, emotional, physical, and spiritual. These four domains represent the different domains included in the wellness model of counseling. Nina's goal is to help her clients become the best possible version of themselves they can be. Nina states, 'Regardless of their past experiences and trauma, I help my clients learn how to process through all the hurt and pain, challenge and reframe their negative cognitions, and regain control over their emotions and behavior, in order to achieve life goals, and ultimately become successful in life.'
Dr. Nina DiTommaso is a firm believer in the total health of the individual, including mental, emotional, physical, and spiritual. These four domains represent the different domains included in the wellness model of counseling. Nina's goal is to help her clients become the best possible version of themselves they can be. Nina states, 'Regardless of their past experiences and trauma, I help my clients learn how to process through all the hurt and pain, challenge and reframe their negative cognitions, and regain control over their emotions and behavior, in order to achieve life goals, and ultimately become successful in life.'
(865) 269-6127 View (865) 269-6127
Photo of Katie Black, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Katie Black
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923  (Online Only)
I am a fully licensed professional counselor with 7 years of therapy experience helping individuals, couples, and families navigate their personal journeys. I see patients aged 8 and up with mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, ADHD, mood disorders, OCD, and many others. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process where we work together to understand your unique challenges and develop personalized strategies for overcoming them. I am accepting new patients via virtual/telehealth services through a HIPAA-compliant video conference.
I am a fully licensed professional counselor with 7 years of therapy experience helping individuals, couples, and families navigate their personal journeys. I see patients aged 8 and up with mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, ADHD, mood disorders, OCD, and many others. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process where we work together to understand your unique challenges and develop personalized strategies for overcoming them. I am accepting new patients via virtual/telehealth services through a HIPAA-compliant video conference.
(865) 761-2797 View (865) 761-2797
Photo of Maria Milo, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Maria Milo
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37919
Finding a therapist that is a good fit for you is pivotal to a beneficial and meaningful experience in therapy. A strong therapeutic relationship is the vehicle for change and the strongest predictor of treatment success. My international education encouraged me to adopt a flexible, curious, and inclusive perspective on the factors that contribute to one's identity and difficulties (e.g., religion, ethnicity, culture, gender, sexual orientation, etc.). I strive to create a safe and non-judgmental space to support clients' introspective journeys, exploration of identities, and understanding of the self, others, and the world.
Finding a therapist that is a good fit for you is pivotal to a beneficial and meaningful experience in therapy. A strong therapeutic relationship is the vehicle for change and the strongest predictor of treatment success. My international education encouraged me to adopt a flexible, curious, and inclusive perspective on the factors that contribute to one's identity and difficulties (e.g., religion, ethnicity, culture, gender, sexual orientation, etc.). I strive to create a safe and non-judgmental space to support clients' introspective journeys, exploration of identities, and understanding of the self, others, and the world.
(844) 952-2604 View (844) 952-2604
Photo of Chiara Marrapodi in Knoxville, TN
Chiara Marrapodi
CCHt, HTI, HMI, BSc, MA
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37920  (Online Only)
Do you feel stuck and don’t know how to move forward? Does it feel like you have tried many things but you have made little progress? Do you feel like you are not good enough? Are you looking for connection and have difficulty finding it and feeling it? My goal is to support you to discover a deeper and richer connection to yourself, the life you create and in your relationships. I specialize in reframing and releasing old traumas and patterns to find your authentic self and an aliveness and curiosity about life.
Do you feel stuck and don’t know how to move forward? Does it feel like you have tried many things but you have made little progress? Do you feel like you are not good enough? Are you looking for connection and have difficulty finding it and feeling it? My goal is to support you to discover a deeper and richer connection to yourself, the life you create and in your relationships. I specialize in reframing and releasing old traumas and patterns to find your authentic self and an aliveness and curiosity about life.
(760) 621-7925 View (760) 621-7925
Photo of Cindy Fugatt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Cindy Fugatt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37931
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. I enjoy practicing from a Christian platform but also respect and honor other religions/spirituality/and beliefs. I received a Masters of Social Work from the University of Alabama and a Bachelors in Psychology from the University of Tennessee. Additionally, I have an emotional support dog in my office. My Chcoclate Lab, Jed :)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. I enjoy practicing from a Christian platform but also respect and honor other religions/spirituality/and beliefs. I received a Masters of Social Work from the University of Alabama and a Bachelors in Psychology from the University of Tennessee. Additionally, I have an emotional support dog in my office. My Chcoclate Lab, Jed :)
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Photo of Elizabeth Baker, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Elizabeth Baker
Psychologist, PsyD, LCP, HSP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
Immediate Openings Available! Taking the first step to engage in therapy is a big step and I'm so happy you have considered me as a possible companion on this journey. Whether you are new to the process of therapy or coming back , it can be hard to find a therapist that is right for you. Most often, I work with young and emerging adults as they are moving away from home, launching into new careers, and starting their own families. This is an exciting and challenging time in life, which can bring about a host of difficulties, including anxiety, depression, identity formation concerns, trauma, shame, and much more.
Immediate Openings Available! Taking the first step to engage in therapy is a big step and I'm so happy you have considered me as a possible companion on this journey. Whether you are new to the process of therapy or coming back , it can be hard to find a therapist that is right for you. Most often, I work with young and emerging adults as they are moving away from home, launching into new careers, and starting their own families. This is an exciting and challenging time in life, which can bring about a host of difficulties, including anxiety, depression, identity formation concerns, trauma, shame, and much more.
(865) 672-0558 View (865) 672-0558
Photo of Sondra Wilkinson, Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Sondra Wilkinson
Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and a certified EMDR therapist. I work with adults, couples, and adolescents and believe that my training has been helpful in facilitating growth in my clients. I also believe that my life experiences and successful life accomplishments have contributed to fostering change for individuals and I welcome the opportunity to be part of your healing process and will celebrate in your growth and accomplishments.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and a certified EMDR therapist. I work with adults, couples, and adolescents and believe that my training has been helpful in facilitating growth in my clients. I also believe that my life experiences and successful life accomplishments have contributed to fostering change for individuals and I welcome the opportunity to be part of your healing process and will celebrate in your growth and accomplishments.
(865) 217-1766 View (865) 217-1766
Photo of Michael Wentworth, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Michael Wentworth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37918
General therapy for late adolescents through geriatrics. 20 years experience working with people to implement change in their lives, especially those who are hesitant or unsure about starting therapy. Extensive experience with first first responders and veterans. Call me today to discuss how I can help make a difference.
General therapy for late adolescents through geriatrics. 20 years experience working with people to implement change in their lives, especially those who are hesitant or unsure about starting therapy. Extensive experience with first first responders and veterans. Call me today to discuss how I can help make a difference.
(207) 358-3385 View (207) 358-3385
Photo of Cheryl Marye Allen-Freeman, Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Cheryl Marye Allen-Freeman
Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
VIRTUAL VISITS-Telehealth. We specialize in sessions via the internet on high encrypted, Hipaa Compliant systems (similar to FaceTime, Skype, etc.) It allows for same day sessions for clients who are not able to make it into one of our physical locations. Clients can use their phones, tablets, laptops, and PC's. We are a professional counseling firm with experienced counselors in Sexual Abuse, Relationship/Marital Counseling, Family Counseling, Codependency Counseling, Gender Identity, Incarceration/Probation Counseling, and specialize in Alcohol and Substance Abuse Counseling for adults and teens, as well as Trauma and PTSD.
VIRTUAL VISITS-Telehealth. We specialize in sessions via the internet on high encrypted, Hipaa Compliant systems (similar to FaceTime, Skype, etc.) It allows for same day sessions for clients who are not able to make it into one of our physical locations. Clients can use their phones, tablets, laptops, and PC's. We are a professional counseling firm with experienced counselors in Sexual Abuse, Relationship/Marital Counseling, Family Counseling, Codependency Counseling, Gender Identity, Incarceration/Probation Counseling, and specialize in Alcohol and Substance Abuse Counseling for adults and teens, as well as Trauma and PTSD.
(865) 205-6190 View (865) 205-6190
Photo of Clyde Johnson, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Clyde Johnson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37919
Your personal story is unique and unlike anyone else’s. There are times your story may feel difficult for you to understand, let alone share with others. Therapy can assist with making sense of your path and help you to understand how your story affects your present and your future. As a licensed clinical psychologist, I offer my training and expertise to help individuals and couples process challenging life experiences, understand the impact of those experiences on them and those they love, and utilize skills that can help even their most troubling experiences become an integrated and less troubling part of their story.
Your personal story is unique and unlike anyone else’s. There are times your story may feel difficult for you to understand, let alone share with others. Therapy can assist with making sense of your path and help you to understand how your story affects your present and your future. As a licensed clinical psychologist, I offer my training and expertise to help individuals and couples process challenging life experiences, understand the impact of those experiences on them and those they love, and utilize skills that can help even their most troubling experiences become an integrated and less troubling part of their story.
(865) 424-9829 View (865) 424-9829
Photo of Catherine E. Zook-Bell, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Catherine E. Zook-Bell
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Waitlist for new clients
For more than twenty years I have had the privilege of working as a psychologist. My clients come to therapy with a number of different concerns and needs including mood disorders, trauma, relationship and family issues, transitions and personal growth. My intent is to work collaboratively with my clients toward symptom reduction and an improved sense of wellbeing and personal and relational healing.
For more than twenty years I have had the privilege of working as a psychologist. My clients come to therapy with a number of different concerns and needs including mood disorders, trauma, relationship and family issues, transitions and personal growth. My intent is to work collaboratively with my clients toward symptom reduction and an improved sense of wellbeing and personal and relational healing.
(865) 745-5041 View (865) 745-5041
Photo of Claire Janey, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Claire Janey
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
Not accepting new clients
Claire is a nondirective child-centered play therapist who believes strongly in the power of the therapeutic relationship. She strives to provide a warm, safe, and fun environment for children to cope with life’s stressors. During the play therapy process, she assists them in navigating internal experiences in a way that makes the most sense to them while using their most natural form of communication… play! Alongside individual counseling with children, she incorporates parenting support to strengthen the quality of parent-child attachment bonds in hopes of reducing relational stress.
Claire is a nondirective child-centered play therapist who believes strongly in the power of the therapeutic relationship. She strives to provide a warm, safe, and fun environment for children to cope with life’s stressors. During the play therapy process, she assists them in navigating internal experiences in a way that makes the most sense to them while using their most natural form of communication… play! Alongside individual counseling with children, she incorporates parenting support to strengthen the quality of parent-child attachment bonds in hopes of reducing relational stress.
(865) 401-8607 View (865) 401-8607
Photo of Chris Driscoll, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Chris Driscoll
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37919
People tell me that I’m easy to talk to. But I don’t just listen. I help you find out how the ways you are thinking or interacting are causing you problems, and I offer observations and possible solutions. You and I collaborate to figure out what solutions may fit for you, and how to make them work in your life. Together we build an understanding of what you are going through, and together we tackle the issues. Rather than relying on manualized “copy and paste” therapeutic approaches, my suggestions and observations are based on an in-depth understanding of you and your situation.
People tell me that I’m easy to talk to. But I don’t just listen. I help you find out how the ways you are thinking or interacting are causing you problems, and I offer observations and possible solutions. You and I collaborate to figure out what solutions may fit for you, and how to make them work in your life. Together we build an understanding of what you are going through, and together we tackle the issues. Rather than relying on manualized “copy and paste” therapeutic approaches, my suggestions and observations are based on an in-depth understanding of you and your situation.
(865) 630-4026 View (865) 630-4026
Photo of Shannon Wilson, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Shannon Wilson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37918
I earned my PhD from the University of Tennessee, and am a licensed clinical psychologist. I have received specialized training in many areas, including evaluations, hypnosis, trauma recovery, depression, and anxiety, behavioral issues and family therapy. I work with children, adolescents, adults, and families, and have specific training in the treatment of law enforcement officers and emergency responders. I do a great deal of work with families and children going through divorce. My therapeutic style is generally cognitive-behavioral, but varies from case to case depending on the needs of the client. I believe that everyone deserves to be heard and respected.
I earned my PhD from the University of Tennessee, and am a licensed clinical psychologist. I have received specialized training in many areas, including evaluations, hypnosis, trauma recovery, depression, and anxiety, behavioral issues and family therapy. I work with children, adolescents, adults, and families, and have specific training in the treatment of law enforcement officers and emergency responders. I do a great deal of work with families and children going through divorce. My therapeutic style is generally cognitive-behavioral, but varies from case to case depending on the needs of the client. I believe that everyone deserves to be heard and respected.
(865) 264-3107 View (865) 264-3107
Photo of Peggy L. Olson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Peggy L. Olson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, EMDR
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923  (Online Only)
Trauma can make you feel alone and misunderstood. You might feel like there is no one you can talk to because you don't want to cause them pain. You try to smile and carry on but this too has stopped working. Maybe you are angry, maybe you are afraid. I get that. Maybe you just want it all to stop and go back to the way it used to be. I get that too. Trauma can be a big event or reoccurring smaller events (micro-traumas). Even relationships can feel traumatic.
Trauma can make you feel alone and misunderstood. You might feel like there is no one you can talk to because you don't want to cause them pain. You try to smile and carry on but this too has stopped working. Maybe you are angry, maybe you are afraid. I get that. Maybe you just want it all to stop and go back to the way it used to be. I get that too. Trauma can be a big event or reoccurring smaller events (micro-traumas). Even relationships can feel traumatic.
(865) 401-8738 View (865) 401-8738
Photo of Lauren Green, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Lauren Green
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC, T-LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37917
I consider it one of my greatest privileges to partner with people as they navigate their stories. I know from personal experience that therapy can be invaluable when processing change, emotional turmoil, and questions about self. While I often utilize concepts from CBT, DBT, and other theories, I most often draw from Narrative Theory and take a Person-Centered approach in my work with clients. I am trained in TF-CBT and EMDR, and my professional history includes over four years working exclusively with survivors of sexual trauma.
I consider it one of my greatest privileges to partner with people as they navigate their stories. I know from personal experience that therapy can be invaluable when processing change, emotional turmoil, and questions about self. While I often utilize concepts from CBT, DBT, and other theories, I most often draw from Narrative Theory and take a Person-Centered approach in my work with clients. I am trained in TF-CBT and EMDR, and my professional history includes over four years working exclusively with survivors of sexual trauma.
(865) 344-6830 View (865) 344-6830
Photo of Alicia D Stipes, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Alicia D Stipes
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37921
Trauma comes in many forms. I believe regardless of what your trauma, it is incredibly important that it be addressed and processed. Like an infection, untreated trauma can fester into depression, anxiety, substance abuse, or a large number of other conditions. Trauma impacts individuals of all ages, genders, and races. I have experience working with a diverse population of clients. I also have experience working with clients who are employed as first responders or healthcare workers as I have been a first responder for many years.
Trauma comes in many forms. I believe regardless of what your trauma, it is incredibly important that it be addressed and processed. Like an infection, untreated trauma can fester into depression, anxiety, substance abuse, or a large number of other conditions. Trauma impacts individuals of all ages, genders, and races. I have experience working with a diverse population of clients. I also have experience working with clients who are employed as first responders or healthcare workers as I have been a first responder for many years.
(865) 321-9425 View (865) 321-9425

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Knoxville, TN

700+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Knoxville, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
72% Self Esteem
66% Coping Skills
65% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
68% Aetna
68% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Knoxville, TN see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Knoxville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.