Therapists in Kaaawa, HI

Photo of Kylee Romero, LMHC, Counselor
Kylee Romero
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I am a non-binary therapist who enjoys working within the LGBTQIA+ community, as well as with other adult folx experiencing negative mental health symptoms. I have a background in crisis therapy, forensic psychology, community mental health, and have been in private practice for 3 years now. I specialize in helping clients get through life transitions and cope with an array of mental health needs, like depression, anxiety, trauma, or stress. An ideal client for me is engaged in the therapeutic process, open to learning, and willing to just be themselves. We can work together to help you achieve a higher quality of life!
I am a non-binary therapist who enjoys working within the LGBTQIA+ community, as well as with other adult folx experiencing negative mental health symptoms. I have a background in crisis therapy, forensic psychology, community mental health, and have been in private practice for 3 years now. I specialize in helping clients get through life transitions and cope with an array of mental health needs, like depression, anxiety, trauma, or stress. An ideal client for me is engaged in the therapeutic process, open to learning, and willing to just be themselves. We can work together to help you achieve a higher quality of life!
(808) 736-6037 View (808) 736-6037
Photo of Ellen Schenzer, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ellen Schenzer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
Are you looking for a grounded, heart-centered therapist who is engaged and ready to assist you on your journey to wellness? I have helped many people work through anxiety, trauma, and depression in order to live the life they desire. I provide a compassionate, non-judgmental space for my clients to feel and release their emotions and create a new empowered narrative for their life. My clients are given a variety of tools and techniques to use in and out of sessions. Some of those include EFT (tapping), CBT, mindfulness, & meditation. Narrative therapy, family constellations, and energy psychology are also used.
Are you looking for a grounded, heart-centered therapist who is engaged and ready to assist you on your journey to wellness? I have helped many people work through anxiety, trauma, and depression in order to live the life they desire. I provide a compassionate, non-judgmental space for my clients to feel and release their emotions and create a new empowered narrative for their life. My clients are given a variety of tools and techniques to use in and out of sessions. Some of those include EFT (tapping), CBT, mindfulness, & meditation. Narrative therapy, family constellations, and energy psychology are also used.
(808) 374-5637 View (808) 374-5637
Photo of Neilani Siatini-Valencia, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Neilani Siatini-Valencia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Aloha, I have 15+ years of experience helping the people of Hawaii learn about and cope with life issues. Issues related to addiction, adjusting to life transitions, as well as coping with symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective, and Bipolar disorders. In my practice I really listen to you and focus on gaining a better understanding of what you are experiencing. We will then work together to choose strategies that can best support positive change to your wellbeing. I utilize a client centered approach as well as additional therapeutic techniques in effort to help you create your best life.
Aloha, I have 15+ years of experience helping the people of Hawaii learn about and cope with life issues. Issues related to addiction, adjusting to life transitions, as well as coping with symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective, and Bipolar disorders. In my practice I really listen to you and focus on gaining a better understanding of what you are experiencing. We will then work together to choose strategies that can best support positive change to your wellbeing. I utilize a client centered approach as well as additional therapeutic techniques in effort to help you create your best life.
(808) 353-4710 View (808) 353-4710
Photo of Danielle Kassouf, PsyD, Psychologist
Danielle Kassouf
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Kaaawa, HI 96730
There is hope for a more meaningful, satisfying life. No matter what your circumstances are, know that you are not alone in your suffering. As humans, we all feel overwhelmed by stress, depression, anxiety, body image issues, or pressures to perform in school or work. Therapy can help! Using a warm and active approach, I help you feel at ease while gently facilitating change and growth. I help identify your unique strengths and empower you to build confidence and self-worth. Together we can reduce suffering and increase resiliency.
There is hope for a more meaningful, satisfying life. No matter what your circumstances are, know that you are not alone in your suffering. As humans, we all feel overwhelmed by stress, depression, anxiety, body image issues, or pressures to perform in school or work. Therapy can help! Using a warm and active approach, I help you feel at ease while gently facilitating change and growth. I help identify your unique strengths and empower you to build confidence and self-worth. Together we can reduce suffering and increase resiliency.
(415) 582-4255 View (415) 582-4255
Photo of Duane F Barone, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Duane F Barone
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Kaaawa, HI 96730
With two decades of working with court-ordered clients needing to address anger management and relationship violence, I help individuals and couples understand how their childhood and adolescent experiences effect their approach to marriage and families. Changes cannot be made until we understand our baggage, why it gets us triggered, and how to deal with it positively within your relationship. I love helping individuals identify and understand the pieces of their puzzles. I approach counseling to teach clients about Relationships 101, which I refer to as “common sense made obvious.” I help clients to re-write their “programs.”
With two decades of working with court-ordered clients needing to address anger management and relationship violence, I help individuals and couples understand how their childhood and adolescent experiences effect their approach to marriage and families. Changes cannot be made until we understand our baggage, why it gets us triggered, and how to deal with it positively within your relationship. I love helping individuals identify and understand the pieces of their puzzles. I approach counseling to teach clients about Relationships 101, which I refer to as “common sense made obvious.” I help clients to re-write their “programs.”
(808) 746-3439 View (808) 746-3439

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Tihera Shanell Clements - The Cultural Society of Wellness, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
The Cultural Society of Wellness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kapolei, HI 96707
Have you been feeling a shift or intense desire to change? You know there is a better way of life but are unsure how to achieve the ultimate level of rest, happiness, and overall balance. I believe in soul healing and a return to wholeness through mind, body, and soul practices. I can support you through this journey with holistic and clinical paths to achieve complete wholeness. (Services available for Georgia and Hawaii)
Have you been feeling a shift or intense desire to change? You know there is a better way of life but are unsure how to achieve the ultimate level of rest, happiness, and overall balance. I believe in soul healing and a return to wholeness through mind, body, and soul practices. I can support you through this journey with holistic and clinical paths to achieve complete wholeness. (Services available for Georgia and Hawaii)
(912) 493-7405 View (912) 493-7405
Photo of Nina Puckett, LMHC, CEDC, Counselor
Nina Puckett
Counselor, LMHC, CEDC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hi! My name is Nina and I was born and raised in Hawaii. I work with my clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without judgment. I understand that reaching out for help is hard and I acknowledge that; it takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and joyful life and to take those first steps towards lasting change. I would love to be able to support & walk along side you in that journey! :)
Hi! My name is Nina and I was born and raised in Hawaii. I work with my clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without judgment. I understand that reaching out for help is hard and I acknowledge that; it takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and joyful life and to take those first steps towards lasting change. I would love to be able to support & walk along side you in that journey! :)
(209) 364-0754 View (209) 364-0754
Photo of Kristin Beebe, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kristin Beebe
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Honolulu, HI 96817
My approach is therapy is for us to work together as a team. I do have treatment goals based on what you want to work on, and if you agree to those goals, then we work on it together and with some homework. Therapy is about you, so if one day you came in and had a bad day, let's talk about that. I work with clients who have anxiety, sleep issues, anxiety attacks, depression, PTSD, anger, life goals, communication problems, medical issues that you want to talk about, loss, work-life balance, divorce, life cycle changes, and any issue that upset or frustrates them.
My approach is therapy is for us to work together as a team. I do have treatment goals based on what you want to work on, and if you agree to those goals, then we work on it together and with some homework. Therapy is about you, so if one day you came in and had a bad day, let's talk about that. I work with clients who have anxiety, sleep issues, anxiety attacks, depression, PTSD, anger, life goals, communication problems, medical issues that you want to talk about, loss, work-life balance, divorce, life cycle changes, and any issue that upset or frustrates them.
(808) 435-4984 View (808) 435-4984
Photo of Kathleen Welch, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kathleen Welch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ewa Beach, HI 96706
My name is Katie Welch and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Wailuku, Maui, where I enjoy serving clients across the state of Hawaii. I primarily work with adults and specialize in anxiety, depression, PTSD, sexual trauma, and addiction. My favorite frameworks for care are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance, and Commitment Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing, always through the lens of trauma-informed care. This provider resides in Hawaii.
My name is Katie Welch and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Wailuku, Maui, where I enjoy serving clients across the state of Hawaii. I primarily work with adults and specialize in anxiety, depression, PTSD, sexual trauma, and addiction. My favorite frameworks for care are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance, and Commitment Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing, always through the lens of trauma-informed care. This provider resides in Hawaii.
(808) 215-5841 View (808) 215-5841
Photo of Dr. Allana Wade Coffee, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Allana Wade Coffee
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Consulting with a confidential, knowledgeable & experienced counselor often provides relief from confusion & uncertainty. I have worked as a counselor for over 15 years providing individual & couples therapy addressing employment, relationships & intimacy issues. Using a combination of education and cognitive-behavioral therapy I keep individual, couples & family sessions safe, professional & fun. For more information please see my website:www.drallanacoffee.com.
Consulting with a confidential, knowledgeable & experienced counselor often provides relief from confusion & uncertainty. I have worked as a counselor for over 15 years providing individual & couples therapy addressing employment, relationships & intimacy issues. Using a combination of education and cognitive-behavioral therapy I keep individual, couples & family sessions safe, professional & fun. For more information please see my website:www.drallanacoffee.com.
(808) 731-2675 View (808) 731-2675
Photo of Ursula Steffany, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ursula Steffany
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kapolei, HI 96707
"Happiness is when what you think, what you say and what you do are in harmony." -Mahatma Ghandi Are you feeling stressed and overwhelmed with the many demands of life? Dealing with the difficulties of life can cause distressing feelings which can interfere with your relationships and general wellbeing. I would like to help you restore or discover your sense of balance in life.
"Happiness is when what you think, what you say and what you do are in harmony." -Mahatma Ghandi Are you feeling stressed and overwhelmed with the many demands of life? Dealing with the difficulties of life can cause distressing feelings which can interfere with your relationships and general wellbeing. I would like to help you restore or discover your sense of balance in life.
(808) 369-9514 View (808) 369-9514
Photo of Rachel McCoach · Creative Arts Therapy + Counseling, LMHC, LCAT, RDT, Counselor
Rachel McCoach · Creative Arts Therapy + Counseling
Counselor, LMHC, LCAT, RDT
Verified Verified
Honolulu, HI 96815
Not accepting new clients
Aloha mai kākou! Starting therapy can feel daunting, but it doesn't have to be when you find someone you can connect with. I am here to help you if you are in the process of navigating a life transition and need extra support, or are working on reconciling or re-configuring parts of your identity that have been hidden away or pushed down for too long. Everyone has a story that is important and unique, and we all deserve to be able to unmask and become our most authentic and favorite version of ourselves.
Aloha mai kākou! Starting therapy can feel daunting, but it doesn't have to be when you find someone you can connect with. I am here to help you if you are in the process of navigating a life transition and need extra support, or are working on reconciling or re-configuring parts of your identity that have been hidden away or pushed down for too long. Everyone has a story that is important and unique, and we all deserve to be able to unmask and become our most authentic and favorite version of ourselves.
(808) 646-2654 View (808) 646-2654
Photo of Val Umphress - Oahu Psychological Services, Psychologist
Oahu Psychological Services
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Online Only
From medical- and educational-related neuropsychological evaluations to working on Depression, Anxiety, Self-esteem and more, our team of Psychologists, Neuropsychologists and Therapists work with all age groups for these concerns. We respect each individual client and emphasize a strong therapeutic relationship in all interactions.
From medical- and educational-related neuropsychological evaluations to working on Depression, Anxiety, Self-esteem and more, our team of Psychologists, Neuropsychologists and Therapists work with all age groups for these concerns. We respect each individual client and emphasize a strong therapeutic relationship in all interactions.
(808) 353-4180 View (808) 353-4180
Photo of Julie H. Nishihira, PsyD, MA, Psychologist
Julie H. Nishihira
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
Online Only
“Be the best version of yourself.” Sometimes, this is easier said than done. Although we may strive towards a more satisfying and fulfilling self, life often presents challenging situations that can make it difficult for us to function at a level that we would like to. Perhaps you’ve been struggling with your own life challenges, and maybe you’ve been feeling overwhelmed by troubling issues such as stress, anxiety, and frustration. You might be feeling isolated, helpless, and “stuck,” and wondering how you will ever be able to move forward. Taking on such issues can seem like a daunting task, but you don’t have to face them alone.
“Be the best version of yourself.” Sometimes, this is easier said than done. Although we may strive towards a more satisfying and fulfilling self, life often presents challenging situations that can make it difficult for us to function at a level that we would like to. Perhaps you’ve been struggling with your own life challenges, and maybe you’ve been feeling overwhelmed by troubling issues such as stress, anxiety, and frustration. You might be feeling isolated, helpless, and “stuck,” and wondering how you will ever be able to move forward. Taking on such issues can seem like a daunting task, but you don’t have to face them alone.
(808) 207-9489 View (808) 207-9489
Photo of Scott Kilousky, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Scott Kilousky
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Kapolei, HI 96707
I am a licensed Marriage and Family therapist who enjoys exploring stories, experiences, and learning more about ourselves. I specialize in working with clients from all walks of life who are navigating challenges such as loss and grief, relationships, substance misuse, self-perception, and finding direction. I have a particular affinity for individuals who are open to exploring the unknown.
I am a licensed Marriage and Family therapist who enjoys exploring stories, experiences, and learning more about ourselves. I specialize in working with clients from all walks of life who are navigating challenges such as loss and grief, relationships, substance misuse, self-perception, and finding direction. I have a particular affinity for individuals who are open to exploring the unknown.
(808) 320-4682 View (808) 320-4682
Photo of Dr. Kelli Grobe, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Kelli Grobe
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Online Only
Welcome! My therapy practice is focused on the complexities and challenges faced by teens, parents, and individual adults. I also have a passion for working specifically with pregnant and postpartum women in their transition into parenthood. My approach to therapy is always collaborative and client-centered, empowering clients to create long-term progress and change. I work to promote your innate resiliency and to build insight and tools to help you and your family thrive. My clinical approach is integrative and includes Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution-Focused, Psychodynamic, Relational, and Mindfulness.
Welcome! My therapy practice is focused on the complexities and challenges faced by teens, parents, and individual adults. I also have a passion for working specifically with pregnant and postpartum women in their transition into parenthood. My approach to therapy is always collaborative and client-centered, empowering clients to create long-term progress and change. I work to promote your innate resiliency and to build insight and tools to help you and your family thrive. My clinical approach is integrative and includes Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution-Focused, Psychodynamic, Relational, and Mindfulness.
(925) 322-0078 View (925) 322-0078
Photo of Charlene Bell, PsyD, Psychologist
Charlene Bell
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Online Only
The road to healing and wholeness is a personal and sacred journey. My philosophy, as both a clinical psychologist and life coach, is that the human spirit can be empowered to overcome traumatic experiences and memories that keep one from enjoying a more fulfilling life. I am affiliated with Pali Momi Medical Center and work with physicians to provide an integrated approach to health and wellness.
The road to healing and wholeness is a personal and sacred journey. My philosophy, as both a clinical psychologist and life coach, is that the human spirit can be empowered to overcome traumatic experiences and memories that keep one from enjoying a more fulfilling life. I am affiliated with Pali Momi Medical Center and work with physicians to provide an integrated approach to health and wellness.
(808) 486-5502 View (808) 486-5502
Photo of Aiyana Kanakaole, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Aiyana Kanakaole
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
My name is Aiyana Kanakaole and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker born and raised on the island of Maui. I offer therapy via telehealth across Hawaii. My background includes working with adults living with chronic illnesses, depression, anxiety, complex family dynamics, and substance use. My approach is client-centered and focused on providing a safe space where you can feel comfortable in sharing your thoughts, feelings, and needs. I use Narrative Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and Person-Centered Therapy to elicit your goals for therapy.
My name is Aiyana Kanakaole and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker born and raised on the island of Maui. I offer therapy via telehealth across Hawaii. My background includes working with adults living with chronic illnesses, depression, anxiety, complex family dynamics, and substance use. My approach is client-centered and focused on providing a safe space where you can feel comfortable in sharing your thoughts, feelings, and needs. I use Narrative Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and Person-Centered Therapy to elicit your goals for therapy.
(323) 643-8569 View (323) 643-8569
Photo of Steven R. Nagasaka, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Steven R. Nagasaka
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
The pursuit of happiness is everyone's right and everyone has the right to choose their own path. However, circumstances in life can often get in the way and block the ability to find a healthy direction in that pursuit. Ho'okupu Counseling Services is a completely online counseling practice that specializes in guidance toward a happier healthier direction in life. Relationships with others is often one of the most influential aspect of our happiness. Here at Ho'okupu Counseling Services we believe that to be true-but include and often prioritize one's relationship with oneself.
The pursuit of happiness is everyone's right and everyone has the right to choose their own path. However, circumstances in life can often get in the way and block the ability to find a healthy direction in that pursuit. Ho'okupu Counseling Services is a completely online counseling practice that specializes in guidance toward a happier healthier direction in life. Relationships with others is often one of the most influential aspect of our happiness. Here at Ho'okupu Counseling Services we believe that to be true-but include and often prioritize one's relationship with oneself.
(808) 369-9946 View (808) 369-9946
Photo of Dawn Nelson, LMHC
Dawn Nelson
LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Aloha, my name is Dawn and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor! I am driven to help others and love what I do. I believe that at our core, we know our needs and how to meet them, but sometimes a therapist can better help guide us there. A successful therapeutic relationship leads to feeling empowered and motivated. Professionally, my experience is working with individuals, couples, and teens. I worked with teens at a youth partial hospitalization program for 1yr, adults at a residential substance treatment facility for 2yrs and have spent the past 2.5yrs working with military service members and their families.
Aloha, my name is Dawn and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor! I am driven to help others and love what I do. I believe that at our core, we know our needs and how to meet them, but sometimes a therapist can better help guide us there. A successful therapeutic relationship leads to feeling empowered and motivated. Professionally, my experience is working with individuals, couples, and teens. I worked with teens at a youth partial hospitalization program for 1yr, adults at a residential substance treatment facility for 2yrs and have spent the past 2.5yrs working with military service members and their families.
(808) 515-7444 View (808) 515-7444

See more therapy options for Kaaawa

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Kaaawa, HI

< 10

Therapists in Kaaawa, HI who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
80% Trauma and PTSD
80% Self Esteem
80% Women's Issues
80% Stress

Average years in practice

20 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Aetna
60% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
60% Optum

How Therapists in Kaaawa, HI see their clients

60% Online Only
40% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

60% Female
20% Male
20% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Kaaawa?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.